小学科学拓展性学习策略探析

“拓展性学习”指的是科学教师在课堂上,发掘教材的拓展点、空白处,让学生们围绕着某一主题进行实验探究,并搜集信息,加工处理信息,从而解决问题的科学实践活动,是科学课堂学习的重要延伸和提升,本文就我校科学教师“拓展性学习”指导行为和学生的学习行为,分析其中的不足之处,并在实践中提出了三大解决问题的策略。     

拓展性实验在初中科学中的实践与探索

现阶段,我国的教育领域正在不断地发展与完善,想要在此背景下优化初中科学的课堂,实现学生综合能力的提升,那么进行拓展性实验是极其必要的.拓展性实验是统筹科学探究的一种行之有效的过程与方法,对于激发学生的学习兴趣、拓展学生的视野、培养学生的实验探究能力都有很大的帮助,还可以将科学学科的核心素养落实到实际的教学当中.鉴于此,本文从拓展内容、拓展形式以及拓展空间上进行思考,采用拓展性实验来激发学生的思维,实现学生的全面发展.     

小学语文教学拓展性学习探索

语文教学要由课内向课外拓展,由文本向实践拓展,进行必要的课后拓展性学习,从而提高学生语文综合素养.     

在集体学习中嵌入活动:拓展性学习在工作场所学习中的应用

作为一个新的学习隐喻,拓展性学习具有独特的含义与特点。作为认识论基础的集体学习活动、作为方法论指导的形成性干预、作为应用工具包的变革实验室是拓展性学习理论的三大子理论。拓展性学习理论特别强调参与者的主体性和活动的重要性,与工作场所学习理论具有一定的融通性。因此,开展活动式的工作场所学习,采用形成性的工作场所干预,以及创设工作场所的变革实验室,都是拓展性学习应用到工作场所的有效方式。     

谈拓展性教学在科学教学中的应用

拓展性的教学本质上就是在实际的生活中在遇到问题的时候,运用在课本中学习到的知识来进行拓展,使得书本知识可以延展到生活中去。拓展性的学习建立的基础是基础知识,尊重每个学生之间的个体差异性,对学生的综合的知识能力进行发展,培养学生终身学习的能力,为学生以后的学习和成长奠定了一定的基础。但是在我国传统应试教育的影响下,在教学中教师注重的只是对学生课本知识的传授,学习都只是基础知识,讲过大量的习题来进行反复枯燥的练习,使得学生在学习中没有兴趣,那还有什么拓展性的学习。     

拓展性实验在初中科学中的实践与探索

拓展性实验是对初中科学课堂教学的延续和升华,它统筹科学探究的过程和方法,培养学生的创新精神和实践探究能力,激发了学生学习的兴趣,开阔了学生的视野,真正将课程标准中的"提高每一位学生的科学素养"这一总目标落到实处。我们可以从拓展学习内容、拓宽学习方式和空间上进行课外拓展,同时拓展性实验实施后必定会对科学课程产生巨大影响。     

21世纪的科学哲学研究:多元维度与纵深向度——2012年“科学解释与科学方法论”国际学术会议综述

2012年9月17日至19日,由教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地——山西大学科学技术哲学研究中心主办的"科学解释与科学方法论"国际学术会议在山西太原召开。来自中国、美国、加拿大、墨西哥、英国、德国、荷兰、芬兰、澳大利亚、韩国等11个     

学习科学:研究的重要问题及其方法论

自20世纪后半叶以来,不同学科背景的研究者将基础研究与教育实践相结合,直面人类的学习问题,探究人类思维和学习的过程,设计新的学习情境,提出新的理论和方法论,催生了学习的新科学。学习科学是指面向复杂的真实世界需要的"整合"科学,涉及认知科学、神经科学、教育心理学、计算机科学、人类学、社会学等多元领域,它不仅发展了学习理论,而且对教授科学也做出了贡献。通过围绕知识的本质、学习的实质、学习的方式与形式、以学习为中心设计、学习环境及其支持、学习效果的评价等方面,来探讨学习科学研究的重要问题及学科方法论,进而对其未来研究的发展趋势做出预测。     

拓展性实验在小学科学教学中的应用

为了培养小学生的科学意识,使其适应未来社会的发展需要,科学课程逐步走进小学课堂,这门课程的一个显著特征是以各种科学小实验为主,通过对实验现象的观察与剖析,汲取更多的科学知识养分.而拓展性实验作为小学科学教学中一种常见的实验模式,对激发学生的好奇心与探索欲望,增强学生的科学意识,开阔学生的科学视野都产生了深远影响.     

拓展性学习中形成性干预的研究

作为文化一历史活动理论的延续与发展,形成性干预不仅仅是一种特殊的研究方法,也是一种学习理论.通过对形成性干预的产生背景、本质内涵、理论基础及其实践应用的分析与研究,为探讨当代学习理论的发展提供了新的视角.     

Enacting Informal Science Learning: Exploring the Battle for Informal Learning

Informal Science Learning (ISL) is a policy narrative of interest in the United Kingdom and abroad. This paper explores how a group of English secondary school science teachers, enacted ISL science clubs through employing the Periodic Table of Videos. It examines how these teachers ‘battled’ to enact ISL policy in performative conditions at the micro-scale, and how this battle reflected macro-scale epistemological and political considerations. Data from the study suggests that for some, ISL was low stakes as it was seen to have negligible impact upon performance data. As a result, there was some resistance towards enacting ISL and conflict between the formal and informal curriculum processes. Nonetheless, analysis indicates that the informants highly valued ISL despite the requirement for them to justify it over more formal and ‘effective’ approaches to learning science.     

新学习科学的基础

与其他物种相比,人类学习是由可学技能的范围和复杂性以及所能达到的抽象程度来区分的.人也是唯一一个形成了教师、学校和课程这样一种正规方式去增强学习的物种.人类婴儿对人和人的行为有着强烈的兴趣,并且他们具有受社会互动所影响的强大的内隐学习机制.神经系统科学家开始理解隐含在学习中的大脑机制,以及用于感知与行为的共享大脑系统是如何支持社会学习的.机器学习算法正在被开发出来,它允许机器人和计算机进行自主学习.来自于不同领域的新见解被汇聚到一起,以创建一种可以改变教育实践的新学习科学.     

Spontaneous Collaborative Learning: A New Dimension in Student Learning Experience?

‐ Many studies have reported positive effects of cooperative learning methods on student achievement. In all such cases, cooperative learning experiences were initiated and structured by teachers, and designed according to special task and reward structures. The present study discusses a different kind of cooperative learning, Spontaneous Collaborative Learning (SCOLL), which is not structured by the teachers, but is student‐initiated. The characteristics of such a learning experience are described, and its effects on the learning strategies adopted by students, the quality of the students’ learning outcomes are examined. Quantitative and qualitative data from 39 Hong Kong tertiary (physiotherapy) students showed that SCOLL, as compared to individual preparation, promoted the engagement of a deep approach incorporating high level cognitive strategies, and in turn learning outcomes reflected in a higher structural complexity of assignments than those approaches and outcomes of students who worked individually.     

Exploring the Effectiveness and Moderators of Augmented Reality on Science Learning: a Meta-analysis

Journal of Science Education and Technology - The use of augmented reality (AR) technology in the science curriculum has the potential to assist students in comprehending abstract and complex...     

A New Dimension in Teaching Experimental Science

An instrument is now available that can combine the benefits of educational television with data obtained from carrying out an experiment. All students are able to see clearly what is happening, all can receive experimental results and some involvement in the experiment, and the lecturer knows in advance the details and results of that actual experiment, presenting the commentary as he or she chooses. The Bio Videograph B V2 allows analogue data to be encoded directly on to a videotape in perfect synchrony with the audio and video tracks. During replay of the tape, picture and sound are reproduced on a TV monitor and the data are decoded back on to the appropriate instrumentation, recreating the original data recordings. In areas of science‐based education where experiments and demonstrations are difficult to set up and carry out, long or tedious, expensive to perform, often repeated, or involve the controversial use of animals, this instrument could provide a solution. The savings in time and money from heavily committed budgets could be significant at the same time as providing an innovative and possibly improved method of teaching.     

一种新的学习隐喻:拓展性学习的研究——基于“文化-历史”活动理论视角

拓展性学习(Expansive Learning)作为一种新的学习隐喻,最初是由芬兰学者Engestrm提出,是文化-历史活动理论在实践中的成功应用。通过对拓展性学习的产生、发展、本质内涵、理论根源及核心思想进行分析,为探讨当代学习理论的发展增添了一个新视角。     

Situating Data Science: Exploring How Relationships to Data Shape Learning

The emerging field of Data Science has had a large impact on science and society. This has led to over a decade of calls to establish a corresponding field of Data Science Education. There is still a need, however, to more deeply conceptualize what a field of Data Science Education might entail in terms of scope, responsibility, and execution. This special issue explores how one distinguishing feature of Data Science—its focus on data collected from social and environmental contexts within which learners often find themselves deeply embedded—suggests serious implications for learning and education. The learning sciences is uniquely positioned to investigate how such contextual embeddings impact learners’ engagement with data including conceptual, experiential, communal, racialized, spatial, and political dimensions. This special issue demonstrates the richly layered relationships learners build with data and reveals them to be not merely utilitarian mechanisms for learning about data, but a critical part of navigating data as social text and understanding Data Science as a discipline. Together, the contributions offer a vision of how the learning sciences can contribute to a more expansive, agentive and socially aware Data Science Education.     

共创性学习:一种集体智慧的进化

共创性学习(Expansive Learning)已引发了国际学者对学习理论的革新性思考,该理论最初由芬兰学者Engestr觟m提出,共创性学习强调作为共同体的学习者,文化的转型以及新理论概念的创生。该研究首先借助学习隐喻的划分对共创性学习进行定位,然后对共创性学习的起源和意义进行探讨,对其过程和阶段进行了描述和分析,并对共创性学习的形成性干预研究进行了阐释,最后阐明了其形成机制、本质特征、演变过程等问题。     

Becoming a Learning Organization: New Directions in Science Education Research at the National Science Foundation

The Education and Human Resources (EHR) Directorate at the National Science Foundation has been examining its role in supporting the development of new approaches to science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) education. This article explores what it means to be scientifically literate, what it takes to become a learning organization, how the EHR Directorate is working towards becoming such an organization through rigorous self-study, and how EHR can best manage its large portfolio of awards that support investigations in STEM education to enhance their collective value to researchers, policymakers and educators. Several elements of the self-study process are described, and the implications for the Directorate as well as for the field of researchers in science education are explored.The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the National Science Foundation.