The NLM Gateway: something old, something new

The NLM Gateway is a single Web interface for searching multiple NLM databases. While the majority of the available databases can be accessed directly via their own Web sites, such as PubMed, there are three databases that are unique to the NLM Gateway, including the ever-expanding OLDMEDLINE files. Thus, the Gateway is a necessary tool for librarians and researchers to be familiar with and have handy.     

The scholar's anthology: A research agenda for communication education

These five papers summarize and provide a focus for concerns about research in communication education, and identify critical areas for additional research. The authors also specify areas where educators and scholars should he implementing existing research findings in speech communication instruction.     

Mythology,narrative, and discourse in Javanese wayang: towards cross-level theories for the new development paradigm

The field of development communication has been experiencing a paradigm shift toward an emphasis upon pluralistic, localized, and more participatory communication within the larger political and cultural environments. The emerging paradigm implicitly rejects both the ahistorical and individual-level biases of modernization theory as well as the reductionist social structural biases of dependency theory, and instead focuses upon human action within sociocultural, political, and economic contexts. There has been, however, little academic movement in the form of new theoretical formulations suited to this shift toward a new paradigm of development. This paper discusses the need for and the difficulties of cross-level theorizing in development communication which can help explain the actions of individuals within their larger sociocultural and political contexts; proposes a cross-level approach to communication and development based upon theories of mythology, discourse, and narrative; and illustrates the approach with an examination of indigenous media and the social roles of the shadow puppet (wayang) mythology in Central Java, Indonesia. Implications for applied work in development are discussed.     

The conservation and iconography of Viceregal paintings and sculpture: old problems and new approaches

Abstract

The reasons for the often poor condition of Viceregal paintings and sculptures are examined. The conservation of four works is described, chosen largely because they had typical problems and would benefit from recently developed techniques. The treatments were: the preliminary lining of very cupped paintings, before using moisture to stretch the original canvas and allow the paint layer to lie flat again; lining badly torn paintings on a thin, semi-rigid, transparent support and using the old stretcher, in order to preserve the structure and aesthetic impression of the painting as much as possible; masking to protect susceptible fine lines against solvent action during cleaning; blending disturbing passages of the paint layer like blanching, irreducible stains, singeing and pentimenti into the colour scheme without overpainting; repairing broken pieces of sculpture with bamboo dowels. The study is accompanied by an iconographical discussion of colonial works of art.     

Archival science and postmodernism: new formulations for old concepts

Process rather than product, becoming rather than being, dynamicrather than static, context rather than text, reflecting time andplace rather than universal absolutes – these have become thepostmodern watchwords for analyzing and understanding science,society, organizations, and business activity, among others. Theyshould likewise become the watchwords for archival science in thenew century, and thus the foundation for a new conceptual paradigmfor the profession. Postmodernism is not the only reason for reformulatingthe main precepts of archival science. Significant changes in thepurpose of archives as institutions and the nature of records areother factors which, combined with postmodern insights, form thebasis of the new perception of archives as documents, institutions,and profession in society.This essay explores the nature of postmodernism and archival science,and suggest links between the two. It outlines two broad changes inarchival thinking that underpin the archival paradigm shift, beforesuggesting new formulations for most traditional archival concepts.     

Archival science and postmodernism: new formulations for old concepts

Process rather than product, becoming rather than being, dynamic rather than static, context rather than text, reflecting time and place rather than universal absolutes—these have become the postmodern watchwords for analyzing and understanding science, society, organizations, and business activity, among others. They should likewise become the watchwords for archival science in the new century, and thus the foundation for a new conceptual paradigm for the profession. Postmodernism is not the only reason for reformulating the main precepts of archival science. Significant changes in the purpose of archives as institutions and the nature of records are other factors which, combined with postmodern insights, form the basis of the new perception of archives as documents, institutions, and profession in society. This essay explores the nature of postmodernism and archival science, and suggest links between the two. It outlines two broad changes in archival thinking that underpin the archival paradigm shift, before suggesting new formulations for most traditional archival concepts.     

体育明星的媒介话语生产:姚明、男性气质与国家形象

本文运用符号学原理,检视了《解放日报》对姚明作为全球化背景中的国际体坛明星、企业代言人、国家形象的体育修辞,指出媒介文化产业制造全球消费的体育明星形象,也是塑造后殖民国家实力的新闻议程的重要符号。NBA篮球运动实际再现了美国的霸权的男性气质,姚明自2002年10月以"状元秀"的业绩加盟著名的休斯敦火箭队(Houston Rockets)以来,就成功地以他高大的身躯洗去了中国在西方世界的"东亚病夫"身份,并且将体育实践和商业利益充分结合,书写了中国人跻身全球资本主义体育世界的跨国精英迷思。     

The human in human information acquisition: Understanding gatekeeping and proposing new directions in scholarship

Humans exhibit a fundamental reliance on interpersonal relations for the acquisition of information. Gatekeepers, who help link people with unknown information, are the “humans” in this human information-seeking process. The gatekeeping phenomenon has been studied in diverse disciplines and this article examines these research literatures to reveal that gatekeepers arise in discourse communities by different means, including cultural certification, informal nomination, or by virtue of their social positions. This multidisciplinary analysis of gatekeeping reveals that information practices are immensely contextual and contingent on the social environment. It enables and substantiates a collectivist perspective of library and information science (LIS). Moreover, this theoretical orientation also prompts us to apply social network analysis (SNA) to LIS in order to study and determine how the characteristics of social relationships and structures affect access to information resources.     

新旧《规程》比较研究

比较新旧两个《规程》,可以看出它们在体系结构与内容方面既有一脉相承的特点,同时在毒节安排和具体要求上又有很大的变化。本文将研究重点放在新《规程》对图书馆的性质、任务、文献资源建设以及读者服务等方面的新规定和新举措上。     

基于CNKI数字出版平台的新旧版比较研究

2008年7月,CNKI数字出版平台进行了全面改版,推出了全新的数字出版平台,新版的数字出版平台与旧版有着很大差别,本文试从新旧两版的比较出发,全面介绍CNKI新版数字出版平台的使用情况。     

文化、权力与多元性:关于媒介批评学科体系建设的思考

随着大众传媒与社会生活的关系日益紧密,旨在为观察、分析、阐释错综复杂的媒介现象提供理论与方法的传播学分支学科——媒介批评——的重要性正日益凸显。然而,目前我国的媒介批评学科体系中存在着包罗万象、还原主义和重理论轻实践的三种倾向,制约着媒介批评学科的发展。本文认为,媒介批评学科体系的建构需在文化、权力分配与多元性的框架内展开,赋予该学科以真正的批评力量,切实推动社会变迁。     

A new family of old Hirsch index variants

The Hirsch index h and the g index proposed by Egghe as well as the f index and the t index proposed by Tol are shown to be special cases of a family of Hirsch index variants, based on the generalized mean with exponent p. Inequalities between the different indices are derived from the generalized mean inequality. The graphical determination of the indices is shown for one example.     

Afterglow: Conceptions of record and evidence in archival discourse

In the last ten years, influential voices within and on the periphery of the record keeping community have succeeded in establishing the preservation of “evidence” as the governing purpose of contemporary archival theory and methods development. Afterglow offers a critique of the concept of evidence in archival discourse. Its main contention is that one can put records into evidence; one cannot set out to put evidence into records. The argument rests on the following assertions: (1) current discussions of evidence rest on a blindness to certain contradictions embedded in claims that record keeping principally involves evidence keeping, or “evidence management”; (2) a politics of temporality, under which an interplay of disciplinary knowledge claims and professional interest is discernible, helps to account for the contemporary rhetoric describing the relationship between “record” and “evidence”, and (3) the late-twentieth century legal, political, and cultural climate, along with the technological environment, explain the increasing prominence of “evidence” in these knowledge claims and professional ambitions. The essay concludes with recommendations for addressing these issues. Thanks go to Terry Cook, Visiting Professor in the Archival Studies Programme, Department of History, University of Manitoba, and co-editor of this series of essays, for his close reading and detailed comments on this essay. Particularly invaluable was his knowledge of historical and contemporary archival thinking on the notion of evidence.     

Remixing,Reposting, and Reblogging: Digital Media,Theories of the Image,and Copyright Law

Social media have changed the way we create, share, and experience visual media. Such collaborative exchanges defy traditional notions of ownership and do not conform to copyright's view of the image as a singularly “fixed” construct. In mobile contexts especially, images are dialogic, conveying far more complicated messages than ever before. This article relies on an examination of theories of the image to inform discussions about copyright reform in the digital age. It briefly explores visual culture theory and the status of visual media in copyright law, and it offers suggestions for how copyright law might adapt to encourage online visual expression, creativity, and economic gain.     

新闻史研究:“问题”与“理论”

中国新闻史研究应该力避没有生命力的流水账,必须要有问题意识,才能以抽象概括的理论语言,总结复杂而具体的历史事实,抽丝剥茧,甚至画龙点睛。理论烛照史料,使我们洞察材料背后曲折的意义和内在联系。但倘若走另一个极端,理论先行,生吞活剥,将中国材料硬塞进宏大社会理论的紧箍咒(例如哈贝马斯的公共领域),这种理论霸道也不足取。本文提倡以默顿的中距理论,联系媒介文本到更大的政治、经济和文化脉络。