Interpersonal Consulting Skills for Instructional Technology Consultants: a Multiple Case Study

Building a trust-based relationship with faculty is one of the most important attributes of effective Instructional Technology Consultants (ITC) in order to integrate emerging technologies into higher education. Utilizing a multiple case study research design, four experienced ITCs at a large urban research university located in the Midwest showed that interpersonal skills are crucial when consulting with faculty on course design, technology integration, and teaching. By applying eight interpersonal consulting skills (active listening, paraphrasing, summarizing, open questioning, closed questioning, explaining concepts, explaining procedures, and informal conversation), ITCs developed trust-based relationships with faculty and generated an atmosphere conducive to change. While research on interpersonal skills is limited in the field of Instructional Design (ID), other fields, such as counseling or medicine, offer promising methods and results for teaching these skills. This article concludes with a presentation of methods for teaching interpersonal skills in counseling and medical preparation programs that could be adopted in the Instructional Design curricula.     

Self-efficacy and behavioral intention: A mediational analysis of the effects of commitment on career counseling

This article examines two questions of research. Can we make educational and vocational information sessions effective by applying commitment theory (Kiesler, 1971) to this particular aspect of career counseling? Does commitment as part of an initial low-cost behavior (taking part in an information session) have a direct effect or is the effect a mediate one? Data gathered during an experiment involving six sixth-year secondary school classes would appear to suggest that there is a mediate process. To be more precise, the accepted impact of commitment upon the effectiveness of information sessions (postsession information and orientation is more actively sought) would seem to be linked to its mediation by perceived self-efficacy (Bandura, 1997/2003) in orientation. On the other hand, it is not mediated by the behavioral intention (Fishbein, 1980) to take such steps, this being an intention upon which commitment has no effect. The discussion links these results to some of Kiesler's initial questions (commitment as a process of internal self-attribution), and also places them within the framework (proper to counseling) of factors common to all intervention theories and techniques designed to explain the effectiveness of said interventions.     

Sex-Role Orientation Research: Review and Implications for Counselor Education

A review of sex-role orientation research reveals two areas of particular importance for counselor educators: interpersonal behaviors and cognitive processing. Persons with androgynous, masculine, and feminine sex-role orientations have been found to differ in their interpersonal competence and their cognitive processing of perceptions of self and others. In both areas, research points to persons with androgynous sex-role orientations as being more flexible, self-assured, adaptive, accepting, and competent in interpersonal interactions than persons with more masculine or feminine orientations. Because counseling is a complex interpersonal process, these conclusions suggest a preference for an androgynous counselor. Implications for the impact of sex-role orientation on the dynamics of the counseling relationship and the counseling process are explored. Studies supporting the efficacy of “training” for androgyny, and those offering some evidence for the androgynous counselor as the more competent facilitator of positive change in clients are reviewed. Research questions are proposed to specifically assess the relationship of sex-role orientation and the acquisition and performance of counseling skills.     

浅析汉语歧义的语用价值

在现实中,汉语歧义是客观存在的,在信息交流和人际交往中发挥了双重作用。一方面,它具有明显的消极影响,会阻碍正常的信息交流和人际交往。但另一方面,它也具有显著的积极影响,在实践中显示了其强大的语用价值。     

Counseling: A view from the Middle East

Summary Societies throughout the world are experiencing rapidly changing conditions. Individuals in these societies are wrestling with a situation where the old order is disappearing and a suitable replacement has not yet stabilized. The Middle East is no exception to this phenomenon. That there will be a fundamental change in family patterns, vocational choice and life styles for women and men is inevitable. In the final analysis, it is all of a piece for a change in one cannot occur without a change in the other.Nowhere will this change be felt greater than in the status of women. Urbanization and industrialization combined with government campaigns have created political and economic opportunities to a large number of Middle Eastern women. More importantly though, these changes bespeak an intimate message to both men and women that they must re-evaluate each other, as well as their family values, courtship patterns, socialization of their children, and the authority of ancient family traditions' (Goode, 1970, p. 146).Counseling has a major role in the modernization process taking place in the Middle East. This process will undoubtedly cause a certain degree of personal disruption. The disruptive forces of modernization seem a natural part of the process. It is in this area that counseling can play a major role. To be aware that there will be personal disruption is not enough. The counseling enterprise in developing countries must provide support services to its people. It must provide and equip individuals to live in a different society from which they are presently living. Ministries of education, by providing proper guidance and counseling services to its students can help case the shock of modernization.It's an exciting time in the Middle East. And it is one in which counseling has an unlimited potential to develop itself and aid in the area's struggle toward modernity. Before counseling can make an impact in the Middle East it must develop an indigenous philosophy of counseling. Recognizing that the Middle Easterner is a product of an authoritarian society, for instance, approaches to counseling which depend on counseling initiative, such as a strict nondirective approach, may not be appropriate. The philosophy must take cognizance of a deeply rooted history of tradition on the one hand and a strong desire to modernize on the other. Counseling in the Middle East could play a significant role as individuals struggle to reach a new identity that will reconcile the past with the future with a minimum of dislocation.     

Indigenous Crisis Counseling in Taiwan: An Exploratory Qualitative Case Study of an Expert Therapist

In this study, we adopted a single qualitative case study method to explore and examine indigenous approaches to crisis counseling in Taiwan, through the distinct lens of an expert Taiwanese counseling psychologist. In-depth, open-ended interviews were conducted with the psychologist (as the case) to document her lived clinical experiences counseling a grief-stricken Taiwanese family in crisis (as the context). Using open-code data analysis, five cultural themes were abstracted from the interviews: a) significance of counselor’s authority and expertness; b) primacy of client-counselor rapport and relationship; c) centrality of collective familism; d) observance of indigenous grief response and process; and e) adherence to face-saving communication and interpersonal patterns. Implications for implementing crisis counseling practice and research with native Taiwanese/Chinese clients based on these preliminary findings are discussed.     

Innovations in Career Counseling

The work world is now full of uncertainty and change as a result of forces such as globalization, downsizing, advancing technology, and increased diversity in the work force. Further, people cannot count on maintaining a job with one company, or even one career, throughout their work lives. In order to meet clients' needs, career counselors must utilize approaches that are compatible with these realities. We review a set of approaches for career counseling that should be effective for clients now and into the future. Specifically, we argue for a holistic approach to career counseling, use of the Personal Career Theory as a client-centered approach to counseling sessions, incorporating creative interventions that draw upon chance events and flexible decision-making, and an emphasis on building interpersonal skills and relationships. We conclude with a summary of recommendations for career counseling practice.     

Developing Counseling Students' Multicultural Competence Through the Multicultural Action Project

The Multicultural Action Project (MAP) is a cultural immersion project that requires counseling students to engage with diverse cultural communities on 3 levels: observation, information seeking, and action. To ascertain if participating in MAP improved the multicultural competence of graduate counseling students, the authors conducted an evaluation in which narrative analysis was used to examine the experiences of 3 graduate counseling students who participated in MAP. Through their narratives, the participants reported increased knowledge, awareness, and skills. The importance of sustained contact and interpersonal relationships in improving student learning outcomes is discussed and recommendations are provided.     

论心理咨询专业的道德原则

心理咨询是一种人际帮助活动,是与人打交道的实践活动,在开展心理咨询的过程中不可避免地会涉及到一些职业道德问题。开展心理咨询活动应遵守价值中立原则、当事人利益优先原则、避免与当事人发生多重关系的原则、保密原则、来访者自愿原则等。     

新形势下高校资料员的延伸服务

文献的收集、整理、典藏、流通是传统高校资料员工作的主要内容;个性化服务、网络咨询服务、资源共享、学科导航等延伸服务是当今形势下高校图书馆发展的必然趋势;当今高校资料员服务中存在的问题有：缺乏社会竞争意识,不具备适应新时代发展的足够动力,服务内容和方式落后,只停留在对传统信息服务的简单模拟水平,知识库建设比较薄弱,隐性知识未能有效利用等。     

Academic peer counseling: Advising with a personal touch

By taking advantage of its resources, students already prepared to do counseling, an academic department has used a peer counseling program to conserve faculty time, improve the dissemination of information, and provide significant interpersonal contact for undergraduate students. Careful selection and synergic supervision have resulted in performance and commitment from the peer counselors. Their efforts have been evaluated positively by student consumers and faculty.She teaches and supervises graduate students in counseling, teaches humanistic psychology, and supervises the academic peer counseling program.He was a peer counselor at the University of West Florida for two years.     

A Multi-Institution Look at College Students Seeking Counseling: Nature and Severity of Concerns

This study provides information about students seeking counseling (N = 3,844) at 9 institutions of higher education. The K-PIRS, an empirically validated measure, was used to assess 7 problem areas (mood difficulties, learning problems, food concerns, interpersonal conflicts, career uncertainties, self-harm indicators, and addiction issues). Forty-two percent of students presented with multiple problems, and most reported that their concerns interfered with their academic (87%) and social (90%) functioning. A majority of students (61%) were in a stage of contemplation when seeking counseling. Only 24% were in a stage of action. There were small differences in problem scores by participants' gender, ethnicity, year in school, type of residence, work status, previous treatment, and use of psychiatric medication. Implications are discussed for counseling practitioners working with college students.     

从侗族群体文化角度看团体心理咨询

侗族群体文化与团体心理咨询有很多相似之处:群体创造行为准则、群体至上的意识和群体共享。从侗族群体文化及传统社交活动出发,以流浪儿童人际交往团体心理咨询设计为例,探讨团体心理咨询的要义,挖掘少数民族传统文化的现代意义。     

Assessing Clients' Level of Hope: A Preliminary Study at a College Counseling Center

Assessing clients' hopefulness may provide documentation of counseling effectiveness. Results of this outcome study involving 22 students who presented for help at a college counseling center indicated that individual counseling elevated their hope levels, thereby increasing their sense of goal-directed planning (pathways) and determination (agency). Findings and implications are discussed.     

大学生社区人际的调查分析与对策研究

社区人际关系对大学生有着重要的影响,其矛盾的实质是不同个性发展需求同时寻求满足时易产生冲突。社区人际和谐就是宿舍里成员各自个性得到彰显,同时又能发展出融洽的关系,其包括问题解决、尊重、友好氛围和交流促进四个重要因素。调查分析发现：（1）社区人际和谐各因素对个体主观评价有着不同的影响;（2）性别、电脑拥有、恋爱状态、性格倾向以及社交能力都对社区人际和谐有影响。最后提出了促进社区人际和谐的建议。     

Education and Counseling of the Gifted and Talented in Germany

One of the principle reasons responsible for the fact that nurturing the gifted and talented in Germany has (once again) advanced to a pedagogic concern in the 1990’s lies in the dichotomy of equality and excellence. Are these two pedagogic goals actually incompatible, as often maintained in open discussions? After a long period of oscillation between these two poles, in the age of information a new emphasis has increasingly been placed on excellence. “It becomes more and more important for bright students to be using their abilities to stimulate this new era with economic and political productivity. But this will not happen if the current ‘laissez faire’ approach to gifted students continues into the next decade”(Gallagher, 2000, p. 691). Following a short definition of giftedness and related conceptions, arguments for gifted education stemming from the areas of learning psychology and instructional psychology will be discussed. The central problems concerning identification and programming will then be addressed in greater detail. Hypotheses will be developed, on the basis of the ATI model that gifted students need creative, stimulating learning environments. Various approaches will be presented here and discussed in the context of TIMSS and PISA. The second part of the article will deal with guidance and counseling issues with respect to the special needs of gifted children and adolescents and their social contact persons (peers, parents, teachers). In conclusion, German program evaluation, studies in the fields of gifted education, counseling and nurturing giftedness and talent will be presented. The outcomes of these studies and their consequences for improvements for the quality of gifted and talented education and counseling in Germany will be discussed. Excellence is one of the most important educational-psychological challenges of the new century.     

中国农村“两级传播流”研究——来自四川宝山村信息传播系统的个案调查

“两级传播流”理论的贡献,不仅在于其开创了大众传媒的有限效果时代,更重要的是它在信息传播过程中更突出个人影响——面对面的交流弥补大众传媒宣传的不足,因此,它不仅是一种“信息流”,更是一种“影响流”.本文从“两级传播流”的第二级入手,运用“意见领袖”、个人影响和人际传播等概念,通过对四川彭州宝山村在5.12地震前后信息传播的特点分析,得出人际传播是农村信息传播的主要方式的结论,并基于个人影响广泛存在的事实,认为在中国农村存在着“两级传播”现象.     

重庆市民心理服务需求问卷的初步编制

目的：编制重庆市民心理服务需求问卷,为心理服务工作的开展提供咨询与研究工具。方法：以464名重庆市民为对象,在访谈和文献分析的基础上建构心理服务需求的初步结构,分别进行探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析。结果：重庆市民心里服务需求由五个因素构成：家庭关系咨询、人际交往咨询、自我发展咨询、归属与尊重咨询、生理需求咨询,五个因子可解释总变异的60.016%;验证性因素分析表明,问卷各拟合指数达到心理测量学可接受的范围（GFI,TLI,CFI〉0.80,RMSEA〈0.08）。问卷的内部一致性为0.8872,分半信度系数为0.7755。结论：该问卷信、效度达到了心理测量学的要求,可用于了解重庆市民心理服务需求。