论新课标下体育课堂教学评价体系的转变

当今,与整个基础教育课程改革一样,学校体育在素质教育和“健康第一”思想指导下,围绕《体育与健康》新课程标准,从教学理念到教材内容、方法,直至评价体系都进行了整体改革。我校体育教研组对体育课堂教学评价体系进行了实践与分析,促进了教学的指导思想、师生关系、教材内容的安排、教学组织和教法等的改革,也促使我校的体育教学呈现出了由教师单纯传授技能模式向发挥师生双主体作用而出现的合作、探究和创新教学等多种教学模式的方向发展,取得了一定的成效。     

体育院系体操教材内容结构体系的建立

阐明影响体育院系体操教材内容选择的主要因素，即教育性、科学性、创新性、先进性及适应性。探讨教材体系的组织原则和教材内容的序列化原则，从知识、技能、能力三方面构建体育院系体操教材内容结构体系。     

高校体育教材内容改革的理论思考与实践调查

为深入开展本科教学改革与实践,加快公共体育教材内容体系重构,研究以高校体育教材内容体系为研究对象,运用文献资料、问卷调查、专家访谈和数理统计等方法,对教材内容改革进行理论思考和实践调查。研究得出:体育教材知识内容急需从描述性知识向程序性知识转变,让学生能正确运用体育知识来指导自我健身,并正确评价自我健身效果。实践调查表明,专家和教师对课程知识的重要性判断和排序一致性程度很高;大学生在体育健身的相关定义、结构、原则、意义、价值等事实性和概念性知识掌握较好;而在应用体育健身知识,用体育健身知识指导健身的程序化知识掌握次之;在评价自我健身效果,形成体育素养,树立终身体育健身意识的元认知知识则较差。     

论高师小教专业体育教材的构建

随着教育改革的不断推进和深入，教学资源的不断优化和组合，中等师范学校已不再适应未来小教发展的需要，高等师范小教本科不仅提升了小教师资的学历层次，也对如何确立小教本科专业体育教材建设提出了新的课题。依据中师和普通高校的体育教材，针对未来小教发展的需要，提出进一步加强高等师范小教专业体育教材的建设，重视培养学生小学体育理论知识和实际教学能力，构建科学的体育教材内容和合理的评价体系，使师范小教体育更具规范性、时代性。     

对体育测量理论若干问题的探讨

主要以文献资料法 ,针对教学中容易引起误解、教材本身又忽略的重点和难点问题进行探讨 ,以图在提高教学质量的同时 ,丰富体育测量评价教材内容。     

新课改背景下我国高校公共体育教材设计研究

本文从可尝试借鉴的教育学理论入手,结合当前高校体育课程改革的实际需要,在对高校公共体育教材设计的理论体系进行了客观论述的基础上,深入讨论了高校公共体育教材内容选择的基本原则与体育教材内容选择的目标,并就高校公共体育教材内容组织的基本类型以及结构模式进行尝试性的探讨,最后提出高校公共体育教材内容组织的策略。     

对篮球模块教学的探究

传统的体育教学计划编制模式一直都由学年计划、学期计划、单元计划和课时计划组成。这种模式虽然能比较系统地表述出教材内容的安排体系,但由于是分块表述,各成一体,     

对高职“以人为本”的体育教学评价体系建构探析

为了改善高职体育教学评价体系,运用文献资料法、问卷调查法、专家访谈法等研究方法,结合理论与实验结果,对"以人为本"体育教学评价与传统的体育教学评价模式的进行比较,分析其要素、途径、测量以及可操作性等因素。认为可以从"以人为本"理念角度,引导教师改变传统教学理念,结合教育发展趋势与社会进步的要求,以学生为评价核心而不忽视教师地位的作用同时,建立一个多元化、课内外一体化体育教学评价管理系统体系,为高职体育后续改革与发展提供理论依据。     

影响高校学生体育学习兴趣的因素及对策

维持学生终生进行体育锻炼和学习的重要动力就是体育兴趣。研究认为高校的现行教材内容、教学方法、成绩评定等因素对高校学生的体育兴趣影响明显。应从构建新的教材体系、发挥学生主体性、改革评价方式等方面来提高学生的体育学习兴趣。     

中·日《学校体育学》的比较研究

本研究通过中国《学校体育学》和日本《体育科教育法》的比较研究，从学校体育的指导思想；目的任务以及教材内容结构体系三个方面，分析了各自的长处和不足．通过研究，可以认为我国学校体育学教材已经不能适应现代社会以及教育，体育发展的要求．具体表现在缺乏贯穿始终的明确的指导思想，目的任务过于抽象，针对性不强，难于操作；教材内容结构体系不够合理，严重脱离学校体育实际．     

Carbohydrate ingestion improves endurance performance during a 1h simulated cycling time trial

This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue.     

Science and medicine of rowing: A review

The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae.     

我国体育市场管理法规研究

采用调查法和比较法对全国体育市场立法和管理现状进行调查,对部分较早出台并有一定代表性的省市的体育市场管理法规的立法和管理情况进行了研究,提出了体育市场管理立法和管理的原则、基本程序、措施及其一般模式,为规范全国体育市场管理提供参考依据。     

重新认识体育的社会关联

体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。     

上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点探析

本文在专家访谈、问卷调查、数理统计和文献资料分析的基础上,探析了上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点、参与者对社区体育赛事运作管理的看法等问题。在此基础上从引进社区体育赛事的志愿者、整合社区体育赛事的各种资源、开发社区体育竞赛的无形资产、组建非营利性的专业团队、规范社区体育赛事的服务管理等方面提出了进一步满足上海社区居民日益增长的体育竞赛参赛需求的对策与措施。     

对全面把握游泳训练环节的探讨

从系统观点出发,结合训练实践,对全面把握游泳训练环节进行探讨。认为应强化非智力因素在运动员多年训练中的作用,在育材全过程中不断选材,从整体上把握动态训练的全过程,把培养高水平运动员的整个过程置于一个严格的科学控制之下。     

我国优秀游泳运动员出发技术辅助训练的研究

为改进我国优秀游泳运动员的出发技术,采用观测和实验方法,通过拍摄运动员陆上和水下出发技术录像以及出发计时,对出发技术进行运动生物力学诊断和分析。在此基础上,根据运动员自身特点和不同泳姿提出相应的入水启动方式,并研制出发训练辅助器材,对出发预备姿势、腾起角度以及飞行远度和入水角进行控制。实践证明:这是一种快捷、有效的出发技术辅助训练方法。     

运动性呼吸肌疲劳与耐力性项目的运动能力

影响和限制耐力性运动项目的成绩的生理因素是复杂的和多方面的,取决于训练的强度和运动成绩.大强度持续性运动可导致呼吸肌疲劳.运动性呼吸疲劳可能在决定运动耐量方面起到关键的作用：一方面通过直接影响运动肌力量的生成（外周疲劳）,另一方面,通过肢体用力自感不安反馈引起工作肌运动单位输出功率下降（中枢疲劳）.对呼吸肌进行训练,可能有助于提高耐力性项目的运动成绩.     

青少年业余足球运动员运动倾向性5因素结构模型初探

根据Scanlan等人最新提出的运动倾向性理论模型,结合我国实际情况建立了青少年足球运动员运动倾向性5因素结构模型。运动倾向性被定义为:渴望和决心继续参加足球运动的心理状态。所建立的5因素结构模型认为,运动倾向性是由运动乐趣、参与选择、个人投入、社会约束及参与机会5个因素决定。经确定5个决定因素和运动倾向性的操作定义,编制了相应调查问卷,通过对北京市252名青少年足球运动员实测结果,建立运动倾向性及其影响因素的协方差结构模型,用Lisre 18分析的结果表明:该运动倾向性模型比较符合北京青少年足球运动员。其中运动乐趣、个人投入、参与机会和参与选择4因素对运动倾向性有影响;社会约束对运动倾向性影响不大。     

Effect of 6 weeks of endurance training on the lactate minimum speed

The aim of this study was to assess the sensitivity of the lactate minimum speed test to changes in endurance fitness resulting from a 6 week training intervention. Sixteen participants (mean +/- s :age 23 +/- 4 years;body mass 69.7 +/- 9.1 kg) completed 6 weeks of endurance training. Another eight participants (age 23 +/- 4 years; body mass 72.7 +/-12.5 kg) acted as non-training controls. Before and after the training intervention, all participants completed: (1) a standard multi-stage treadmill test for the assessment of VO 2max , running speed at the lactate threshold and running speed at a reference blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 ; and (2) the lactate minimum speed test, which involved two supramaximal exercise bouts and an 8 min walking recovery period to increase blood lactate concentration before the completion of an incremental treadmill test. Additionally, a subgroup of eight participants from the training intervention completed a series of constant-speed runs for determination of running speed at the maximal lactate steady state. The test protocols were identical before and after the 6 week intervention. The control group showed no significant changes in VO 2max , running speed at the lactate threshold, running speed at a blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 or the lactate minimum speed.In the training group, there was a significant increase in VO 2max (from 47.9 +/- 8.4 to 52.2 +/- 2.7 ml.kg -1 .min -1 ), running speed at the maximal lactate steady state (from 13.3 +/- 1.7 to 13.9 +/- 1.6 km.h -1 ), running speed at the lactate threshold (from 11.2 +/- 1.8 to 11.9 +/- 1.8 km.h -1 ) and running speed at a blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 (from 12.5 +/- 2.2 to 13.2 +/- 2.1 km.h -1 ) (all P ? 0.05). Despite these clear improvements in aerobic fitness, there was no significant difference in lactate minimum speed after the training intervention (from 11.0 +/- 0.7 to 10.9 +/- 1.7 km.h -1 ). The results demonstrate that the lactate minimum speed,when assessed using the same exercise protocol before and after 6 weeks of aerobic exercise training, is not sensitive to changes in endurance capacity.