《陈情表》抒情说理艺术浅析

“表”这种中国古代文体,又称“奏表”、“表文”,是臣属给君王的上书。古代给君王上书的称谓有多种,大多与上书内容有关,常见的有“奏”、“议”、“表”、“章”等。刘勰在《文心雕龙·章表》中对章和表两种文体进行了区分,他说：“章以造阙,风矩应明;表以致禁,骨采宜耀”,可知章这类文体,公文性强,不应有更多情采,而表带有倾诉衷情的性质,有表现其情质文采的余地。     

“问题诱思法”教学初探

宋代哲学家朱熹曾说过:“学贵有疑,小疑则小进,大疑则大进。”实际上,这句话蕴涵了一种教学方法——“问题诱思法”,即巧设问题,诱导思维。具体地说就是以教师为主导,学生     

学则须疑

古代学者都强调学习要善疑。如孔子主张“多闻阙疑”(《论语·为政》),孟子认为“尽信书则不如无书”(《孟子·尽心下》)。然而对此有更为详尽论述的,要推北宋唯物主义哲学家张载。张载在《经学理窟》中反复强调“学则须疑”。首先,他认为提出疑问是学习的起点,“始是实疑,于是有学在”,“可疑而不疑者不曾学”。其次,即使学有所得,张载认为仍须有疑,才能“濯去旧见以来新意”。再次,他还认为人们在实际行动中碰到疑难是必然的,“不知疑者,只是不便实行,既实作则须有疑,必有不行处,是疑也。”最后,他对“疑”与“不疑”的关系理解得很辩证。“不疑”、“不惑”是学习过程中的重要境界,它是经常疑虑,“积久自觉渐变”的结果。但是达到了“不疑”的地步,还须“有疑”才能进步。所以,“学者恶其自足,足则不复进”。     

置疑问难 解疑求深——“求疑法”指导例谈

开卷必有疑。如果无疑,是阅读思维停滞,理解含糊,或者说“好读书不求甚解”的表现。求疑的深度能说明思维的强度。朱熹说:“于无疑处有疑,方是进矣。”这种无疑处求疑的进展,正是坚持不懈求疑的效果。 那么,阅读中应该怎样求疑?一篇文章中的疑应设在何处?置疑有哪些方式?下表提供一些方法,供     

读书贵有疑

读书贵有疑。宋人朱熹说:“读书无疑者须教有疑,有疑者却要无疑,到这里方是长进。”明人陈献章说:“前辈谓学者有疑,小疑则小进,大疑则大进。疑者,觉悟之机也。一番觉悟,一番长进。”(1)疑能打破迷信。(2)盲目地迷信书本,这是读书的一忌。(3)孟子说:“尽信书则不如无书。”(4)因此,要打破对书本的迷信,避免陷入盲目性,就要在读书时大胆见疑。(5)书本上的东西,不一定都是无可非议的。(6)明代著名地理学家徐霞客在读《禹贡》一书时,对书中“岷山导江”的说法提出了疑问。(7)后来,他通过实地考察,终于得出了金沙江是长江上源的新结论,比史书上…     

管窥中小学语文课堂教学中的“激疑”问题

孟子曰∶“尽信书则不如无书。”(《孟子·尽心下》)读书而不疑,则只为“书蠹”。我们在中小学语文课堂教学中,要想让学生做到闻一知十、举一反三,“激疑”是有效方法之一,是更高层次的教学艺术。所以凡学问上有所造诣者,总是从书中生疑,然后解疑,才有所成就。古人读书,就善于从字缝中生疑。杜甫的《古柏行》中有“霜皮溜雨四十围,黛色参天二千尺”的诗句,沈括说它“四十围     

“学贵有疑”的精髓

“学贵有疑”,古人多有论述。宋代大儒朱熹就曾说:“读书无疑须有疑,有疑定要求无疑。无疑本自有疑始,有疑方能达无疑。”著名学者陆九渊的观点更是精辟:“为学患无疑,疑则有进,小疑则小进,大疑则大进。”另一学者张载也讲过:“于无疑处有疑,方是进     

别让学生的脑袋休眠

对现成的结论、权威的说法产生疑问,并引发思考,进而辩伪去妄发现真理。这在学习中、研究中是一种十分可贵的品质,可以说,人类发展史上许多重大发现、发明,都始于“疑”。哥白尼对开普勒的地心说产生了“疑”,创立了“日心说”;“挂灯摇摆幅度不论大小,所用时间为何都是一个样？”这个“疑”,使伽利略发现了等时性原理。清代学者戴震六岁读《大学章句》便问老师：《大学》是周朝时的书,而朱熹是宋代人,他怎么能知道一千多年前作者的意思呢？古人是很重视、推崇学有所疑的。宋人张载曾说过：“读书贵有疑,于不疑处有疑,方是进矣…     

“学贵有疑”的精髓

“学贵有疑”,古人多有论述。宋代大儒朱熹就曾说:“读书无疑须有疑,有疑定要求无疑。无疑本自有疑始,有疑方能达无疑。”著名学者陆九渊的观点更是精辟:“为学患无疑,疑则有进,小疑则小进,大疑则大进。”但为什么要有疑,怎样从无疑到有疑,却没有详尽的论述。这也是中国古代思想的局限:经验感悟,微言大义,而缺乏详尽的推理和论证,更缺乏实证和操作之途径的探索。疑,即问题,困惑。而“问题”一词,“能指”十分丰富:有缺陷、毛病、弊端,我们可以说有“问题”;有困惑,不解之处可以说有“问题”;有麻烦、危险,亦可以说有“问题”。疑,应理解为认…     

“风马牛不相及”的四种解读

“风马牛不相及”一语出自《左传·僖公四年》:“(齐侯)逐伐楚,楚子使与师言曰:‘君处北海,寡人处南海,唯是风马牛不相及也。’”何谓“风马牛不相及”?据《辞海》、《辞源》、《古文观止》等书记述,至少有以下四种解释。一说“风”是走失的意思,谓齐楚相去甚远,即使马牛走失,也不会跑到对方境内。一说“风”乃行走之意,在起风的时候,马总是逆风而走,而牛却是顺风而行的。通过这种有趣的现象,民间产生出“风马牛不相及”一说。第三种解释是,兽类雌雄相诱叫做“风”,马与牛不同类,故不致相诱,以喻事物之间的毫不相干。最后一种解释看来最全面…     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

浅谈移民问题

Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.     

Sister Carrie, an Adherent of Desires

Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.     

Improvement of one-cycle controller by use of proportional integral differential controller

1.IntroductionOne-cyclecontrolmethod,whichwasproposedaboutonedecadeago[1],hasbecomeanattractivemethodinspecialfieldssuchaspowerfactorcorrection[2-6],switchingamplifiers[7,8],etc.Themainideaofthiscontrollerisbasedonintegrationofdiodevoltageinone-cycleandforcesittobeexactlyequaltothereferencevalue.Themainadvantageofthiscontrollerisitsrealtimeabilitytorejectthevariationofinputvoltage[1].Despitethisgreatability,ithasnogoodperformancesinrejectingofloaddisturbanceandfollowingreferencecommands.Espec…     

库克斯顿城堡

城堡, 是欧洲典型的建筑之一, 每个城堡都有一个美丽的传说或是一段历史。从本期开始, 我们将推出“城堡之旅”, 带各位读者去浏览、观赏欧洲各地的城堡, 开始一段文化与历史的旅途!     

胡主席在印度,我却在中国

Today, Sunday morning, I sit thinking and typing at my computer. My thoughts are in my homeland, India and my body is in China. The body is here and mind there for a good reason. Mr. Hu is president and I am resident and both are in each other's countries (what a difference the absence of one small letter makes!). Mr. Hu will return in a few days and I will stay on longer.