教育研究、教育的科学研究与我们的选择——我国教育研究的现状分析与趋势研究

教育研究,特别是教育的科学研究的重要性已为世界各国所公认。在概念上,教育研究和教育的科学研究是有区别的。就教育的科学研究而言,国际教育界已经形成了一套通行的研究方法:提出问题、形成研究假设、搜集资料、分析资料、检验假设并形成研究结果。我国教育研究与世界教育研究相比,存在很大差别,具有群众性参与、行政参与和以思辨为主等特点。一方面,可以说,我们形成了中国特色的教育研究体系,另一方面,在中国加入世界的进程加快的大环境下,我们不得不遵从教育研究的通行规则和方法。提倡基于科学的教育研究,规范研究方法,提高研究质量应该成为我们的选择,从而使教育的科学研究真正地科学化,为教育实践和教育政策制订提供真实可靠的依据。     

教育究竟是什么?

面对人类教育认识,我们的认识论追求应该是对以下问题的回答：其一,教育认识领域是如何产生的,它是否与教育活动相伴而生？其二,作为教育认识对象的教育究竟是什么？其三,作为动词的教育认识意味着什么,它究竟在追求什么？其四,我们应该如何看待教育认识的主体？作为对上述问题的回应,我们从考察世俗意义上的教育认识出发,运用哲学思辨的方法,获得了关于人类教育认识如下基本判断：“教育世界”是教育认识在哲学认识论意义上的完全对象;在根源和整体的意义上,教育研究才是人类教育认识的基本存在方式。教育认识是与人类生存和发展相联系的创造性劳动,既然如此,教育认识者自然要拥有劳动的理性,要知道自己是为了求教育之知、为教育之用而在,知道自己必须进行发现、发明和创造,并知道自己应该通过教育认识获得教育的道理。     

研究性数学、教育数学与数学教育

数学可分为研究性数学和教育性数学。研究性数学主要注重科学逻辑的序,而教育性数学则注重科学逻辑的序与认知心理的序之间的完美结合,后者即“教育数学”。教育数学是在研究性数学基础上的再创造、再提高,教育数学对数学教育改革具有深远的意义。     

人类教育认识的历史反思

教育认识领域的困惑不断地发生,直接影响着教育研究过程和教育学学科建设的进行。由于现实中的一切令人困惑的现象,其缘由往往在悠长的历史之中,因而,要释解许多困惑,回顾和反思教育认识演化的历史不失为一种明智之举。我们认为,人类教育认识经过了"事实化-自觉化-专门化-专业化"的基本历程,伴随着这一历史进程,教育认识的产品有"教育经验-教育思想-教育理论-教育学"这样一些存在形式。     

探索教育理论本土化的途径——论知识社会学方法在教育研究中的应用

发端于马克思的知识社会学强调对知识与社会的关系进行分析,指出知识的生产、选择、分配和传递等都受社会环境的影响。目前,我国教育研究中开始较多应用知识社会学方法,主要有两条路径:其一是对教育理论和教育政策演变的知识社会学分析;其二是对知识演化与控制的知识社会学分析。但是目前将教育场域中的知识生产和传递置于社会运行视野中的研究依然缺乏。     

数学教育与教育数学

数学教育的现代发展,以及各国进行数学课程改革浪潮的涌现,提出了教育数学的研究课题。它似可与纯粹数学、应用数学并列为第三个研究领域。与“新数学”、“大众数学”相比,教育数学将能均衡好数学教育的“教育方面”与“数学方面”的关系和促进数学教育改革的健康发展。进行教育数学的研究,可先从数学现实、数学难点、数学新点等方面着手,然后再进行理论体系建设。     

数学教育哲学及其实践

在对现代数学哲学基本观点分析的基础上,阐述了当代数学教育哲学的数学观、价值观及其认识论特点,以及它们在我国教育实践——新课程标准中的体现。     

More about increasing the quality of educational intervention research: A synthesis

A synthesis of the commentaries to our leadoff paper is presented, along with our replies to some of the specific comments offered. When the original analysis and the commentaries are combined, an exceptionally thorough summary of issues that should be considered by intervention researchers emerges. We hope this set of issues will be useful to the educational research community.A draft of this synthesis was circulated among the commentators in this special issue, with a request to determine whether their views were represented fairly. There were few reservations expressed, and in every case when a concern was expressed, we concluded on review that slight adjustment was required to present the commentator's perspective more clearly and/or fairly, and we attempted to do so.     

素质教育的概念、内涵及相关理论

素质教育概念及其理论,是我国改革开放实践尤其是教育改革深化和发展在教育理论和思想上的产物。素质教育是具有鲜明时代特征和重要理论价值的命题。要立足于构建社会主义和谐社会的总体目标,突破和超越原有的思维方式,以更高的定位来思考素质教育问题。认真分析新形势下素质教育的新要求和发展的不平衡性,将素质教育放在社会系统中来研究;继续完善素质教育理论,研究方法取向上注重理论与实践结合;挖掘素质教育的成功样态,从教育实践中总结、提炼、概括、丰富素质教育理论。     

Three theses on teaching and learning in higher education

In our article, we explore the possibility of formulating theses about teaching as one way to use research as a basis for educational action. The theses are formulated from current educational research on teaching and learning in higher education. We also explore the potential for action and the consequences derived from the theses. With our theses, we criticise less complex ways of using research for educational purposes. Through theses we can suggest directions for action without prescribing certain methods or procedures and provide answers without reducing the teachers' possibilities for choice or diminishing their responsibility for their actions. Our exploration is an invitation to a collaborative exploration of theses on teaching and learning in order to broaden and deepen our shared basis for educational action.     

Knowledge dissemination and use in science and mathematics education: A literature review

A synthesis of the literature on knowledge dissemination and use in education, notably in science and mathematics, is presented. Perspectives have changed in the ways in which knowledge and products are seen to reach potential users. From the top-down, linear models, we have come closer to bottom-up approaches and to the crucial role of linking agents. At present, the most influential approach is a constructivist one, whereby research and other kinds of specialized knowledge is exchanged between researchers and professionals in a mutually constructed social context. While there is still debate over the best predictors of successful knowledge use, the scope of the field has been considerably enlarged by including users' perspectives. To some extent then, specialists in this field are now working in a new paradigm.Prepared for the Directorate of Education and Human Resources, Division of Research, Evaluation and Dissemination, National Science Foundation by The Network, May 1993.     

MM教育方式与数学创新教育的教学原则

创新问题是社会各界共同关注的热点,创新教育已成为我国教育改革的主旋律。虽然教育理论和教育实践工作者在创新教育研究方面取得了一定成果,但对创新教育中教学原则的研究却较少论及。本文探讨了运用MM教育方式进行数学创新教育应包括的若干教学原则,希望对创新教育研究有所裨益。     

民族国家教育知识和比较教育研究——比较教育学科体系再思考

本文从比较教育研究的本体论、认识论、方法论和价值论四个方面对比较教育学科体系进行了再思考,认为比较教育是民族国家教育的比较研究.     

论经济类数学与应用数学专业的和谐发展战略

依据对全国主要经济类高校数学与应用数学专业建设与发展经验的调查,论述了关于经济类高校数学与应用数学专业建设与和谐发展的若干问题,并提出了相应的基本发展战略。     

小学教育专业的数学教育改革

九年义务教育《数学课程标准》在数学课程、数学、数学学习、数学教学、评价、现代信息技术等方面的教育理念 ,是小学数学教学改革的依据 ,小教专业的数学教育改革必须适应小学数学改革的需要。本文以此为依据从课程设置、教材与教材整合、教师教学方法等方面谈谈小学教育专业理科的数学教育改革的浅见。     

必须走出后现代知识观——试论科学知识教育的作用与价值

受后现代主义哲学思潮尤其是后现代知识观的影响,在我国新课改过程中,响起了贬低科学知识教育作用与价值的声音。然而,联系我国国情以及我国教育改革的实际,只有注重科学知识教育,走出后现代知识观,才能保证新课改的顺利进行。马克思主义哲学为走出后现代主义知识观提供了总的原则和方向。     

国际带薪教育假制度比较研究

国际组织和世界许多国家都以不同的形式规定了成人带薪教育假制度,这是保证成人受教育权利和推动成人教育发展的有效途径。本文通过考察世界带薪教育程度的概况,比较分析得出带薪教育制度的基本问题,进而提出制定我国带薪教育假制度的构想,以此来保证成人受教育的权利,推动我国成人教育事业的发展。     

Student Perceptions of a Mathematics Major for Prospective Elementary Teachers with an Inquiry‐Based Philosophy

Abstract

In this paper we present data from one-on-one interviews conducted with students who have taken intermediate and advanced inquiry-based mathematics courses in a program that prepares future preK-8 teachers. Many of these students entered college with a fear of math, but then gained confidence from a required introductory math course and chose to pursue a major in Mathematics for Teaching. These interviews help explain their choice to pursue this major and their general experiences in IBL math classes. These insights were used to improve our program and may also help other mathematics instructors and programs that hope to implement an inquiry-based approach in their departments.     

The multiple voices of a mathematics classroom community

Several mathematics educators have expressed their concern about conflicting visions of educational reform among parents and teachers, which could result in the emergence of multiple voices in discussions of achievement and instruction. The aim of this article is to examine the multiple voices of educational reform in the discourse of a third grade classroom community. In order to achieve our aim, we integrated the social and the individual as well as the past, present, and future in our analysis of the discourse in this classroom community using theoretical frameworks and methods from cultural psychology. Although our analyses focused on the classroom teacher, we employed units of analysis capable of bridging the individual and her social context. We began our analysis by focusing on a sample of whole-class discussions of students’ strategies for solving multi-digit word problems. This analysis isolated two distinct voices: one that occurred during discussions of students’ invented strategies and the other that emerged during talk about standard algorithms. We extended our analysis to include information about the historical, social, and institutional context of the classroom community in order to understand the origins and functions of these two voices. This additional information helped us appreciate the interconnections between the teacher’s personal feelings, beliefs, recollections, and expectations; and her interpersonal transactions with her students, their parents, and other educators. We concluded with a discussion of the implications of the study for understanding one of the dilemmas of educational reform and for advancing research in classroom discourse. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

全纳教育：教育机会均等的应然选择

公正与平等的民主理念是全纳教育的伦理基础。以全纳教育的视角审视我国当前的教育,可以发现其中存在许多不均等的现象。深入理解并切实推进全纳教育,是追寻真正的教育机会均等、推进教育民主化的应然选择。