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1.
Roman Farana Gerda Strutzenberger Timothy Exell Jiri Skypala Huw Wiltshire Gareth Irwin 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(13):1449-1456
The aim of the study was to determine if sex differences exist in the key elbow and wrist joint injury risk factors during different cartwheel (CW) and round-off (RO) techniques performed by young male and female artistic gymnasts. Sixteen active young gymnasts (8 males and 8 females) performed 30 successful trials of CW and RO with three different hand positions (parallel (10), T-shape (10) and reverse (10)). Synchronised kinematic and kinetic data were collected for each trial. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA (3 × 2, technique × sex) and effect-sizes (ES) were used for statistical analysis. In conclusion, female gymnasts exhibited greater normalised peak vertical ground reaction forces (VGRF), elbow and wrist compression forces and elbow internal adduction moments during CW and RO skills compared with male gymnasts. In both sexes, the parallel and reverse techniques increased peak VGRF, elbow and wrist compression forces and the elbow internal adduction moment. Increased elbow flexion resulted in decreased peak VGRF, elbow compression forces and elbow internal adduction moment. Injury risk factors including elbow extension and internal adduction moment with axial compression force suggest that a CW and RO in reverse and parallel techniques can be hazardous especially for young female gymnasts. 相似文献
2.
Gavin P. Lawrence Vicky M. Gottwald James Hardy Michael A. Khan 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(3):431-441
Abstract In the current experiment, we examined optimal focus for novices during a movement sequence in which performance was measured on accurate movement form/technique. A novel gymnastics routine was practiced under either an internal skill-relevant, internal skill-irrelevant, external, or no attention focus. Retention and transfer tests were then completed. During acquisition, adopting an internal irrelevant focus significantly improved performance, whereas an external focus degraded performance. There were no significant group differences in the retention and transfer tests. This suggests that learning of movement form/technique did not benefit from a specific focus of attention. The results are interpreted via an attentional capacity viewpoint and the notion that form tasks do not always contain obvious movement effects central to common coding and the constrained action hypothesis. 相似文献
3.
为了解我国少年体操运动员关节损伤状况并制定预防措施,为教练员科学制定训练计划提供理论依据,采用调查访问法、数理统计法、专家访谈法、文献资料法等方法对参加2008年全国少年儿童体操比赛的122名运动员进行了调查分析,结果显示损伤部位主要集中在足部、踝关节、膝关节、肘关节、腕关节、坐骨结节、股骨头等部位,且大多数为慢性劳损.为预防各种关节损伤,应加强训练中的医务监督,并根据运动员损伤特点合理调整训练计划. 相似文献
4.
Nicholas Tam Devon R. Coetzee Safwaan Ahmed Robert P. Lamberts Yumna Albertus-Kajee Ross Tucker 《European Journal of Sport Science》2017,17(9):1220-1229
Introduction: Many factors may contribute to running-related injury. These include fatigue and footwear, the combination of which has rarely been studied, in particular with reference to barefoot running, recently advocated as a method to reduce injury risk. Methods: Twenty-two runners (12 well-trained and 10 trained) participated in a 10?km fatiguing trial. Knee and ankle joint kinematics and kinetics and electromyography were assessed during overground running in the barefoot and shod condition. This was performed pre- and post-fatigue using a motion capture system and force platforms. Results: Initial loading rate increased in the trained runners when barefoot but not shod. Shod knee stiffness increased in both groups after fatigue, whereas barefoot knee stiffness decreased only in the trained group. A reduction in barefoot bicep femoris pre-activation was found in both groups. During stance, a reduction in vastus lateralis and biceps femoris and an increase in tibialis anterior activity were found over time in both groups and conditions. Trained runners decreased gluteus medius and increased lateral gastrocnemius median frequency for both conditions after fatigue. Conclusion: When fatigued, gait adjustments in habitually shod runners may increase injury risk when running barefoot. Training status may be a risk factor for injury, as less-trained runners experience muscular fatigue changes that may compromise ground reaction force attenuation. Caution is recommended when transitioning to pure barefoot running. 相似文献
5.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the interaction of foot strike and common speeds on sagittal plane ankle and knee joint kinetics in competitive rear foot strike (RFS) runners when running with a RFS pattern and an imposed forefoot strike (FFS) pattern. Sixteen competitive habitual male RFS runners ran at two different speeds (i.e. 8 and 6?min?mile?1) using their habitual RFS and an imposed FFS pattern. A repeated measures analysis of variance was used to assess a potential interaction between strike pattern and speed for selected ground reaction force (GRF) variables and, sagittal plane ankle and knee kinematic and kinetic variables. No foot strike and speed interaction was observed for any of the kinetic variables. Habitual RFS yielded a greater loading rate of the vertical GRF, peak ankle dorsiflexor moment, peak knee extensor moment, peak knee eccentric extensor power, peak dorsiflexion and sagittal plane knee range of motion compared to imposed FFS. Imposed FFS yielded greater maximum vertical GRF, peak ankle plantarflexor moment, peak ankle eccentric plantarflexor power and sagittal plane ankle ROM compared to habitual RFS. Consistent with previous literature, imposed FFS in habitual RFS reduces eccentric knee extensor and ankle dorsiflexor involvement but produce greater eccentric ankle plantarflexor action compared to RFS. These acute differences between strike patterns were independent of running speeds equivalent to typical easy and hard training runs in competitive male runners. Current findings along with previous literature suggest differences in lower extremity kinetics between habitual RFS and imposed FFS running are consistent among a variety of runner populations. 相似文献
6.
Sentaro Koshida Takanori Ishii Tadamitsu Matsuda Toshihiko Hashimoto 《European Journal of Sport Science》2017,17(4):417-424
It is generally accepted that proper learning of the breakfall technique during early judo training is essential for attenuating the risk of judo-related head injury. Therefore, it is critical to understand the kinematics and head injury risks of breakfall motion to design a more safe and effective judo teaching paradigm that results in reduction of injury risk. We aimed to investigate the biomechanics of judo backward breakfalls by comparing osoto-gari and ouchi-gari in novice judokas. Twelve male novice judokas (age: 21.3 years, SD?=?0.6 years; height: 1.74?m, SD?=?0.04?m; body weight: 71.3, SD?=?6.4?kg; body mass index: 23.5, SD?=?2.3) volunteered to participate in this study. The kinematic data of the breakfall motion for both osoto-gari and ouchi-gari were collected using a three-dimensional motion analysis technique (200?Hz). We observed significant differences between the movement patterns for the two techniques, especially in the lower extremity movements. In addition, a significantly greater peak extension momentum (osoto-gari: 1.29, SD?=?0.23?kg?m2?s?1; ouchi-gari: 0.84, SD?=?0.29?kg?m2?s?1) and lower head position along the vertical axis (osoto-gari: 0.18, SD?=?0.05?m; ouchi-gari: 0.31, SD?=?0.08?m) with a large effect size were found in the breakfall for osoto-gari. Our results suggest that a different paradigm is needed for effectively teaching each breakfall technique that will enable us to substantially lower the risk of judo-related head injuries in novice judokas. 相似文献
7.
Michael Wilkinson Alistair Ewen Nicholas Caplan David O’leary Neil Smith Richard Stoneham 《European Journal of Sport Science》2018,18(4):497-503
The effect of textured insoles on kinetics and kinematics of overground running was assessed. 16 male injury-free-recreational runners attended a single visit (age 23?±?5 yrs; stature 1.78?±?0.06 m; mass 72.6?±?9.2?kg). Overground 15-m runs were completed in flat, canvas plimsolls both with and without textured insoles at self-selected velocity on an indoor track in an order that was balanced among participants. Average vertical loading rate and peak vertical force (Fpeak) were captured by force platforms. Video footage was digitised for sagittal plane hip, knee and ankle angles at foot strike and mid stance. Velocity, stride rate and length and contact and flight time were determined. Subjectively rated plantar sensation was recorded by visual scale. 95% confidence intervals estimated mean differences. Smallest worthwhile change in loading rate was defined as standardised reduction of 0.54 from a previous comparison of injured versus non-injured runners. Loading rate decreased (?25 to ?9.3?BW?s?1; 60% likely beneficial reduction) and plantar sensation was increased (46–58?mm) with the insole. Fpeak (?0.1 to 0.14?BW) and velocity (?0.02 to 0.06?m?s?1) were similar. Stride length, flight and contact time were lower (?0.13 to ?0.01 m; ?0.02 to?0.01?s; ?0.016 to ?0.006?s) and stride rate was higher (0.01–0.07 steps?s?1) with insoles. Textured insoles elicited an acute, meaningful decrease in vertical loading rate in short distance, overground running and were associated with subjectively increased plantar sensation. Reduced vertical loading rate could be explained by altered stride characteristics. 相似文献
8.
Bastiaan Breine Philippe Malcolm Samuel Galle Pieter Fiers Edward C. Frederick Dirk De Clercq 《European Journal of Sport Science》2019,19(6):774-783
Purpose. We aimed to determine the effect of speed-induced changes in foot contact patterns on the vertical instantaneous loading rate (VILR). We hypothesized that transition runners, i.e. runners that shift towards a mid- (MF) or forefoot contact pattern (FF) when running speed increases, show smaller increases in VILR than non-transition runners, i.e. runners that remain with a rearfoot contact pattern (RF).Methods. Fifty-two male and female runners ran overground at 3.2, 4.1, 5.1 and 6.2?m?s?1. Ground reaction forces, lower limb sagittal plane knee and ankle kinematics and plantar pressures were recorded. Multi-level linear regression models were used to assess differences between transition and non-transition runners.Results. Non-transition runners experienced larger speed-induced increases in VILR (48.6?±?2.6?BW?s?1 per m?s?1) than transition runners (–1.4?±?7.6?BW?s?1 per m?s?1). Transition runners showed higher VILRs and a more flat foot touch down at the same pre-transition speed than non-transition runners.Conclusion. When running speed increases, some runners transition towards more anterior foot contact patterns. This reduces or even eliminates the speed-induced increase in VILR. This result is especially the case for those RF runners who already have relatively high VILRs and flat foot positioning at slower running speeds. 相似文献
9.
Aaron S. Fox Jason Bonacci Natalie Saunders 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2020,19(4):493-509
ABSTRACT Field-based screening methods have a limited capacity to identify high-risk postures during netball-specific landings associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. This study determined the biomechanical relationship between a single-leg squat and netball-specific leap landing, to examine the utility of including a single-leg squat within netball-specific ACL injury risk screening. Thirty-two female netballers performed single-leg squat and netball-specific leap landing tasks, during which three-dimensional (3D) kinematic/kinetic data were collected. One-dimensional statistical parametric mapping examined relationships between kinematics from the single-leg squat, and the 3D joint rotation and moment data from leap landings. Participants displaying reduced hip external rotation, reduced knee flexion, and greater knee abduction and knee internal rotation angles during the single-leg squat exhibited these same biomechanical characteristics during the leap landing (p < 0.001). Greater ankle dorsiflexion during the single-leg squat was associated with greater knee flexion during landing (p < 0.001). Ankle eversion during the single-leg squat was associated with frontal and transverse plane knee biomechanics during landing (p < 0.001). Biomechanics from the single-leg squat were associated with landing strategies linked to ACL loading or injury risk, and thus may be a useful movement screen for identifying netball players who exhibit biomechanical deficits during landing. 相似文献
10.
Abstract There is a risk of hip injury in dives to the side by soccer goalkeepers. In this study, we assessed hip loading in goalkeepers when performing such dives. The experiments were conducted in a laboratory setting using an in-ground force plate as well as on a grass surface when the athletes were equipped with force sensors. The forces acting on the hip were measured and high-speed video analysis was performed, allowing the investigation of the dive characteristics and techniques. The peak force values recorded in the laboratory setting ranged from 3 to 8 kN, which corresponded to 4.2–8.6 times body weight. The vertical impact velocities reached 3.25 m · s?1. In the field experiments, a hip loading of 87–183 N · cm?2 was determined. We found that goalkeepers who perform a rolling motion reduce their hip loading. The data provided by this study add to the biomechanics database and contribute to the establishment of injury criteria. Such information is necessary to develop and implement strategies to help prevent hip injuries. 相似文献
11.
技巧啦啦操是深受大学生喜爱的一项运动,在运动过程中,运动损伤正影响着大学生的身心健康及项目的推广.文章分析了技巧啦啦操运动规律及特点,寻找运动损伤的成因,并提出了许多相应的预防措施,为预防和减少该运动中的损伤提供了有效的指导. 相似文献
12.
文章以竞技体操创新为研究对象,采用文献资料法和案例分析法,对竞技体操创新的发展、促进因素、支持因素及具体的创新方法和创新动作应具有的特征进行分析,以期对竞技体操创新的发展提供参考。 相似文献
13.
我国优秀体操和女子手球运动员某些运动损伤特征及其心理应激研究 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
通过对30名国家级体操现役运动员和30名国家女子手球集训运动员的研究,得出如下结果1、优秀体操运动员主要损伤部位是肘关节、踝关节,而以肘关节损伤程度为最严重.女子手球运动员发生运动损伤的主要部位是膝关节、踝关节,以膝关节损伤程度为最严重.2、优秀体操与女子手球运动员在发生运动损伤时的状态焦虑水平较高,分别达到49.37±6.94和49.00±6.61.3、优秀女子体操运动员运动损伤的主要应激源为教练的批评、对手领先表现出色时.优秀男子体操运动员运动损伤的主要应激源为身体或心理失误时、教练的枇评、经受剧烈的疼痛或损伤后.优秀女子手球运动员运动损伤的主要应激源为裁判不公、气候不适场地器材糟糕致使身心失误等.4、优秀体操选手的主要临场应对方式为归因于外界不可控因素,将注意力集中于动作上或转移注意力,优秀手球运动员临场主要应对方式为强化比赛信心、迅速忘记不快经历和经历应激后采取更小心谨慎的方式. 相似文献
14.
David Zahradnik Daniel Jandacka Michal Holcapek Roman Farana Jaroslav Uchytil Joseph Hamill 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(8):955-961
The number and type of landings performed after blocking during volleyball matches has been related to the potential risk of ACL injury. The aim of the present study was to determine whether gender affects the frequency of specific blocking landing techniques with potential risk of ACL injury from the perspective of foot contact and subsequent movement after the block used by volleyball players during competitive matches. Three matches involving four female volleyball teams (fourteen sets) and three matches involving four male volleyball teams (thirteen sets) in the Czech Republic were analyzed for this study. A Pearson chi-square test of independence was used to detect the relationship between gender and different blocking techniques. The results of the present study showed that gender affected single-leg landings with subsequent movement in lateral direction and double-leg landings. Although the total number of landings was lower for male athletes than for female athletes, a larger portion of male athletes demonstrated single leg landings with a subsequent movement than female athletes. Single leg landings with a subsequent movement have a higher potential risk of ACL injury. 相似文献
15.
Jose Ignacio Priego Quesada Zachary Y. Kerr William Michael Bertucci Felipe P. Carpes 《European Journal of Sport Science》2019,19(6):842-849
Although bike fitting is recommended to help reduce injury risk, little empirical evidence exists to indicate an association between bike fitting and injury incidence. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of bike fitting on self-reported injury, comfort, and pain while cycling from a worldwide survey of cyclists. A total of 849 cyclists completed an online questionnaire between February and October 2016. Questionnaire collected data on respondent demographics, cycling profile, bike fitting, comfort and pain while cycling, and injury history. The main predictor variable was bike fitting (yes, by the respondent, i.e. user bike fitting; yes, by a professional service; or no). Covariates included demographic and cycling profile characteristics. Logistic regression models estimated the odds of injury within the last 12 months, reporting a comfortable body posture while cycling, and not reporting pain while cycling. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were reported. User bike fitting was associated with increased odds of reporting a comfortable posture (OR?=?2.28, 95%CI: 1.06, 4.68). User (OR?=?2.35; 95%CI: 1.48, 3.84) and professional bike fitting (OR?=?2.35; 95%CI: 1.42, 3.98) were both associated with increased odds of not reporting pain while cycling. No associations were found between bike fitting and injury within the last 12 months. In conclusion, we found an association between bike fitting and reported comfort and pain while cycling. We recommend integrating bike fitting into cycling maintenance. However, further studies with longer follow-up are necessary to determine the presence of an association between bike fitting and injury. 相似文献
16.
Rugby Union scrumming puts the spine under a high degree of loading. The aim of the current study was to determine how sagittal hip range of motion and quadriceps fatigue influence force output, spinal posture, and activation of the trunk and quadriceps muscles in rugby scrumming. Measures of sagittal hip flexion/extension range of motion were collected from 16 male varsity and club first XV level participants. Sagittal spine motion (electromagnetic motion capture), trunk and quadriceps activation (electromyography), and applied horizontal compressive force (force plate) were measured during individual machine scrumming. Participants performed a 5-trial scrum block involving 5?s of contact with 1–2?min recovery between each trial. They then performed a fatiguing protocol (wall sit to failure) and immediately returned to the scrum machine to perform another five trials. Though there was no significant influence of fatigue on the horizontal compressive force applied during contact (P?=?.83), there was a 52% increase in cervical flexion (P?P?P?相似文献
17.
Paul S. Glazier 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2013,12(2):180-182
A proficient serve is critical to successful tennis performance, and consequently coaches and players devote considerable time refining this stroke. In so doing, a wide variety of interventions are used or trialled, generally with very little empirical support. This study examined the efficacy of a commonly used service intervention, where players focus on exaggerating their finish (arabesque) position to promote specific changes in lower limb and trunk kinematics. The kinematics of eight high-performance junior players hitting flat serves were compared to the acute changes in kinematics elicited by the arabesque follow through position on serves using a 10-camera VICON MX motion analysis system. The significantly greater front (landing leg) hip flexion (p < 0.05) and forward trunk flexion (p < 0.05) confirmed the more exaggerated arabesque landing position following the arabesque instruction. The arabesque instruction resulted in increased frontal plane trunk range of motion and peak angular velocity in the forward swing, and increased leg drive during the drive phase. Practically, the results support the use of the arabesque instruction, effectively promoting the desired acute changes in trunk kinematics (i.e. increased frontal plane trunk rotation angular velocity) and leg drive (i.e. increased back knee extension angular velocity and front/back vertical hip velocity). 相似文献
18.
Allana Slater Anne Smith Leon Straker 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2013,12(1):45-56
High impact forces during gymnastic landings are thought to contribute to the high rate of injuries. Lower limb joint flexion is currently limited within gymnastic rules, yet might be an avenue for reduced force absorption. This study investigated whether lower limb flexion during three gymnastic landings was related to force. Differences between landings were also explored. Twenty-one elite women's artistic gymnasts performed three common gymnastic techniques: drop landing (DL), front and back somersaults. Ankle, knee, and hip angles, and vertical ground reaction force [(vGRF) magnitude and time to peak], were measured using three-dimensional motion analysis and force platform. The DL had significantly smaller peak vGRF, greater time to peak vGRF and larger lower limb flexion ranges than landing from either somersault. Peak vGRF and time to peak vGRF were inversely related. Peak vGRF was significantly reduced in gymnasts who landed with greater hip flexion, and time to peak was significantly increased with increasing ankle, knee, and hip flexion. Increased range of lower limb flexion should be encouraged during gymnastic landings to increase time to peak vGRF and reduce high impact force. For this purpose, judging criteria limitations on lower limb flexion should be reconsidered. 相似文献
19.
我国艺术体操技术发展的现状及问题剖析 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
以国际艺术体操的发展趋势作为参照，对我国艺术体操技术发展的现状及问题进行了分析研究，以促进我国艺术体操竞技水平的进一步提高。 相似文献
20.
论体操教学中动作技能的反馈调节 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
反馈调节应用于体操动作技能的教学,有助于加强教学过程调控的精确性、方向性和目的性,减少教学中不必要的重复和失误,以取得教学调控的经济性、实效性,论述了体操教学中动作技能反馈调节的模式,反馈调节的一般原则与方法等. 相似文献