小组合作式教学模式在信息技术课堂中的应用

本文针对目前信息技术学科课堂管理和教学存在的问题,对信息技术这门新兴学科的教学模式进行探讨,提出小组合作式教学模式比较适合信息技术课堂,并尝试从合理分组,选好组长并充分发挥其在小组合作中的作用以及加强组间、组内合作。调动学生的积极性方面探讨采用小组合作式教学模式的具体措施。     

Asking students their opinions of the learning environment: an empirical analysis of elementary classroom climate

There is currently a lack of research into classroom climate as perceived by the students themselves. This article presents a new classroom climate evaluation instrument which is designed to gauge student perceptions of their own level of engagement in academic activities, their relationships with peers, and the level of support they feel from their teachers. The Classroom Climate Index was pilot tested with a group of 105 elementary students aged 8–12. The pilot data were factor analysed, and the instrument was refined accordingly. Following the pilot test, the refined instrument was next administered to a larger sample of 2340 elementary students. Data from the comprehensive study were subjected to factor and reliability analyses, the results of which support the use of the Classroom Climate Index in measuring student engagement, supportive teacher behaviour, and collegial support from the student perspective.     

大学英语课堂沉默现象的影响因子分析及解决策略

在大学英语课堂教学中,学生消极沉默是极其普遍的现象,这对学习英语是十分不利。文章通过对大学英语课堂观察、学生问卷以及典型学生访谈等多种途径,发现导致这种现象的原因,除了学生本身的英语水平高低,既有来自教师的因素、也有学生因素、以及课堂教学环境和传统文化因素等,笔者最后提出缓解该现象的策略,以期提高大学英语教学质量。     

Classroom observation as an instrument for school development: School principals’ perspectives on its relevance and problems

Classroom observation can have diagnostic, evaluative and counseling purposes and can be regarded as a traditional instrument for the processes that are planned for school development. However, the evaluative character of classroom observation can also be interpreted as a controlling measure and therefore, lead to stress and fear in the observed individuals. This might bring about resistance against the feedback which results from classroom observation. In order to be able to focus on the useful aspects and the benefits of classroom observation, it is important to understand which factors make the instruments of classroom observation credible and reliable for the teachers who are being observed. It is central to our current topic to understand the specific criticism concerning the area of teaching and learning within a school inspection and to work out the factors which contribute to the credibility of classroom observations on one hand, and the factors which reduce it on the other hand. For this purpose, we analyzed the statements of fifty school principals on classroom observation taken from overall interviews concerning the expectations of those principals towards school inspections in North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW). The results clearly indicate that classroom observation is a critical process for teachers. Not being able to observe the classroom credibly can have several negative effects. Therefore, this research concentrates on ways that can improve the credibility of classroom observation.     

课堂观察的有效性与评课

科学、有效的课堂观察是课堂教学质量评价的基础。由于提高课堂观察能力可以提升教学质量,教师所掌握的观察技术可以提升其教学的专业化水平,目前这已逐渐成为一线教师认可的一种专业学习方式。文章阐述了几个重要的课堂关注点和课堂观察表,供广大物理教师在课堂听课后进行评课时参考。     

加强平时成绩管理激励策略激发学生参与视听说课堂的积极性

学生的课堂参与程度直接影响视听说的教学效果.利用学生工具型学习动机,采取加大平时成绩比例与课堂参与相结合的方式,使不同层次的学生得到合理的奖励,将会提高学生学习的热情以及参与视听说课堂的积极性,从而达到提高学生听说能力的目的.     

Instructional support predicts children's task avoidance in kindergarten

This study examined the role of observed classroom quality in children's task-avoidant behavior and math skills in kindergarten. To investigate this, 1268 children were tested twice on their math skills during their kindergarten year. Kindergarten teachers (N = 137) filled in questionnaires measuring their professional experience and also rated the children on their task-avoidant versus task-focused behaviors. Trained observers used the CLASS instrument (Pianta, La Paro, & Hamre, 2008) to observe 49 kindergarten teachers (out of 137) on their emotional support, classroom organization, and instructional support. The results of multilevel modeling showed that kindergarten classrooms differed in terms of children's task-avoidant behavior and math skills. Moreover, the more instructional support was evidenced in the classroom, the less children were rated as showing task-avoidant behavior. Task-avoidant behavior then predicted children's low levels of math skills. The findings of the present study emphasize the importance of quality of instructional support for children's adaptive classroom behaviors.     

智能时代课堂变革图景:智慧课堂及其构建策略

智能时代对课堂变革提出新要求,澄明智能技术“何以能”及“如何能”促进学生智慧发展的逻辑理路是开展智慧课堂实践的认识论前提。文章在分析智慧课堂内涵的基础上,首先,提出了课堂学习的物质实践观,即学习可以理解为是一种学习者以物质技术手段为中介的认知性实践,学习者使用物质技术手段的水平能反映其学习实践水平;其次,通过剖析智慧课堂学习方式、场域要素构成,揭示了课堂场域支持学生智慧发展的微观逻辑,构建了反映“智慧生成”及“技术优化”逻辑的智慧课堂模型;最后,提出了智慧课堂构建策略,包括聚焦学生智慧的多元高阶发展、建立问题解决的智慧生成效应、发挥智能技术的优化调节效应。以此,为智慧课堂教学实践提供理论借鉴及实践参照。     

课堂教学中学生资源的开发和利用

课堂教学中的学生资源是一笔可贵的课程资源,有待我们广大教师去认识、开发和利用。在课堂教学中,随着课程改革和思想观念的转变,我们必须对课程资源有新的认识,尤其是对学生资源的开发和利用。如何做到这点,需要我们树立新型的课程资源观,充分了解自己的学生,认清课堂教学的特点。     

Predicting Singapore students' achievement goals in their English study: Self-construal and classroom goal structure

This study examined the role of self-construal and classroom goal structure in predicting Singapore secondary students' achievement goals in their English study. Students from 104 classes were administered surveys of achievement goals, classroom goal structure, English self-concept, and self-construal. The results of two-level hierarchical linear modeling showed that after controlling for gender, previous English achievement, and English self-concept, interdependent self-construal significantly predicted mastery approach and avoidance goals, while independent self-construal was associated with performance approach, performance avoidance, and mastery approach goals. Mastery classroom goal structure predicted mastery approach and avoidance goals, whereas performance classroom goal structure predicted performance approach and avoidance goals as well as mastery avoidance goals. In addition, students with interdependent self-construal in classrooms with a performance focus were more likely to endorse mastery approach, mastery avoidance, and performance avoidance goals, while students with independent self-construal in classrooms with a performance focus tended to have performance approach goals. This study provides validation for the 2 × 2 framework of achievement goals, and advances our knowledge of how students adopt multiple goals. The findings are related to the educational achievement context of Singapore.     

论课堂教学中的对话教育

新一轮课程改革是在全面推进素质教育的背景下实施的。课程改革的目标是围绕着人的培养目标来设计和确定的,强调教学过程是教师与学生积极互动、共同发展,通过对话交流,创设能引导学生主动参与的教育环境,在课堂中创设良好的教育沟通环境,把课堂改造成为师生对话、交流、探究的舞台。     

大学英语课堂教学改革探索与实践

英语课堂是教学的主要场所,它的质量直接影响着教学的质量,学生应用语言的综合素质。改革传统的以教师为中心的课堂教学,提高教学质量是每一位教师关心的问题。本文介绍作者在认知理论指导下,对以学生为中心语言实践式课堂教学模式的尝试及效果,提出在尝试中所遇到的问题及应注意的事项。     

Observing instructional quality in the context of school evaluation

Observational measures of instructional quality are used in both research and evaluation contexts. In European school evaluation systems, one main intended use of classroom observation results is to inform schools' instructional improvement efforts. This study examined the quality of such diagnostic information in the context of a school evaluation system in Germany. The factor analytic results indicate that the empirical structure of the observation instrument lacks correspondence with its original normative model but does mirror a five-factor model based on recent literature, including classroom management, two different aspects of student orientation, cognitive activation, and classroom assessment. The generalizability analyses show that both indicators and observers represent important sources of measurement error. Additionally, their magnitude is larger for shorter observations (lesson segments). At least two, sometimes three, observers and between five and ten indicators per dimension are needed to achieve sufficiently reliable results, but results importantly depend on which dimension of instructional quality is being assessed.     

强化人本观念,搞好课堂管理

在课堂管理中应当坚持人本观念。教师要通过协调课堂内的各种教学因素，来满足学生的多种需要，调动学生的积极性，从而有效地实现教学目标。以人为本的课堂管理需要营造和谐的课堂群体心理气氛，优化教学设计，制定和执行好课堂常规，正确应对课堂问题行为。     

Classroom Social Structure and Motivational Climates: On the influence of teachers' involvement,teachers' autonomy support and regulation in relation to motivational climates in school classrooms

This study investigates the relationship between students' perceptions of the social structure in the classroom and perceptions of the motivational climate among 1171 Norwegian eighth‐grade students from 65 school classes. A multilevel approach was implemented to investigate relationships at the individual level as well as at the class level. Results showed that perceptions of motivational climates varied considerably more within than between school classes, as well as a general trend for students to perceive the motivational climate to be more mastery than performance oriented. Moreover, emphatic teacher involvement yielded the strongest positive association with perceptions of a mastery motivational climate, as well as the strongest negative association with perceptions of a performance motivational climate. Besides, a mastery motivational climate was also found to be associated with a certain amount of student influence, whereas the final aspect of social structure investigated, regulation, showed relatively weaker associations with students' perceptions of motivational climate.     

例析信息技术在初中数学课堂教学中的应用

以多媒体为核心的信息技术作为一种有效的辅助教学手段,在初中数学教学中已被推广和使用。文章介绍了信息技术在初中数学课堂教学中的目的和意义,介绍了以微课为核心的信息技术教学手段在初中数学课堂教学中的应用。     

Understanding Teachers’ Conceptions of Classroom Inquiry With a Teaching Scenario Survey Instrument

A survey instrument using everyday teaching scenarios was developed to measure teacher conceptions of inquiry. Validity of the instrument was established by comparing responses for a group of secondary teachers to narrative writing and group discussion. Participating teachers used only three of the five essential features of inquiry detailed in the standards documents (NRC 2000) when expressing their ideas of classroom inquiry. The features of ‘evaluating explanations in connection with scientific knowledge’ and ‘communicating explanations’ were rarely mentioned. These missing components indicate a gap between the teachers’ conceptions of inquiry and the ideals of the reform movement.     

浅析德育课教学中的非语言符号传播及其德育功能

本文运用非语言符号传播的相关理论,通过分析非语言符号传播与学校德育课教学、语言符号传播、教学方法、互动交际等四者之间的关系,对德育课教学中非语言符号传播的概念进行了界定,并认为在德育课教学中非语言符号传播具有情感功能、暗示功能和规范功能。     

Classroom age composition and rates of change in school readiness for children enrolled in Head Start

Despite policy and theoretical support for mixed-age classrooms in early childhood, research examining associations between age-mixing and children's outcomes is inconclusive and warrants further investigation, particularly in preschools serving children who are at risk for poor adjustment to formal schooling. One recent study conducted in preschool classrooms serving low-income children found negative associations between age-mixing and children's social and cognitive development. The current study extended this research by examining associations between classroom age composition (variability in ages of children in the classroom) and low-income preschool children's rates of change in school readiness. The sample consisted of 4417 preschool children enrolled in 207 classrooms in a large, diverse urban Head Start program. Multilevel modeling was employed to examine the main effect of classroom age composition, as well as the interaction between classroom age composition and children's age, as predictors of children's rates of change in emergent literacy, emergent numeracy, social and emotional skills, and approaches to learning. In contrast to previous research, classroom age composition was not associated with school readiness outcomes. This study contributes to the conflicting literature examining the associations between age mixing and children's school readiness and calls for a future research agenda to examine age mixing in context that is focused on sorting out these conflicting results. In the meantime, policymakers should consider other relevant factors when making decisions regarding mixed-age classrooms, such as family preference or the capability for teachers to individualize instruction to children based on their individual needs.