澳大利亚以质量为本的教师教育政策

面对知识经济及信息社会的挑战，澳大利亚联邦教育部从实现高水平学校教育目标的角度出发，从国家层面上掀起了一场提高教师质量的行动。文章从国家政策的角度对澳大利亚提高教师质量的背量及其具体的实施策略等方面进行了分析，以期得出有意义的启示。     

Early Childhood Teacher Education in Australia

The complexity of preparing personnel for early childhood services seems common to many countries of the world. Issues and problems include length of courses, pre‐requisites for entry to courses, core curriculum content, age range covered in courses, education and care elements and practicum requirements. This paper discusses early childhood teacher education provision in Australia and acknowledges that teacher educators in countries of the world have much to share and the discussion of solutions can only better the preparation of early childhood courses. A common theme is the need to raise the status and strengthen the early childhood profession by the provision of quality courses.     

Restructuring Teacher Education,the National Interest and Globalisation

This paper argues that the repositioning of Asian countries as new ‘centres’ for world trade and commerce and the transformation of Australian society and economy to accord with this global consolidation, includes a general restructuring of all levels of Australia's ‘education industry’ and specifically the (re)forming of its initial teacher and professional‐education programmes. The need for such reformation arises in part from the restructuring of the work of teaching based on a broader definition of the people and educational settings that are involved in the teaching/learning process, a reworking of this teaching/learning process, the higher status given to certain substantive areas of study, such as languages other than English, and the management of education along corporatist lines. This paper suggests further that teacher‐education programmes should also provide students with the resources to critically analyse these changes, giving consideration to issues such as identity, the impact of new technologies on culture and learning, the use of language in promoting particular discourses, and the repositioning of education as a tool for economic reform.     

南非教师教育制度的重建:进展与成效

民主新南非的教育体系是在种族隔离教育遗产的基础上通过全方位的变革建立起来的。南非教师教育制度的重建是一个漫长、复杂的过程。通过调整管理体制、颁布教师教育标准、优化院校结构、出台国家政策框架等举措,南非已建构起一个以成果和能力为本位的、具有民主治理特质的、一体化、开放式的教师教育与发展体系。国家教师教育与发展政策框架的实施虽然取得了一些成效,但也面临多方面的不确定性和挑战。     

澳大利亚职前教师教育伙伴合作模式述评

近年来,澳大利亚的职前教师教育经历了由传统的以大学为基地的培养模式向伙伴合作模式的转型.伙伴合作教师教育模式建立的背景,伙伴合作教师教育的主要模式和特点、以及成效和问题是了解澳大利亚职前教师教育改革的有效途径.     

澳大利亚教师入职教育的实践与思考

澳大利亚的新教师培养别具特色。在刚入职甚至之前;便借助于"超前实施"、行政主导、校本主导等途径或策略,对新教师开始了内容丰富的入职教育,对新教师的角色转换、乃至整个教师队伍质量的提升起了十分重要的作用,从而为广大新教师和中小学所广泛认可与赞许,也为其他国家教师入职教育的进行提供了范例。     

澳大利亚的教师教育认证机制解析

澳大利亚的教师教育认证历时多年,特色独具,为该国高等院校的教师教育工作建立了质量基准线,也为该国中小学教师队伍素质的提升提供了基本的保障。其教师教育认证的实践,尤其是认证所遵循的依据或原则、认证所采用的程序或步骤等,为他国的教师教育提供了有益的借鉴。     

澳大利亚基础教育教师教育的发展及其特征

澳大利亚教师教育经过萌芽发展、曲折发展、复苏变革和稳步发展四个阶段,目前已经形成了完整健全的基础教育教师教育体系,在国际上树立了一个起步晚、发展快、质量高、有特色的典型.澳大利亚基础教育教师教育在管理体制上呈现出从"州权分立"到"联邦集权、州权下放、学院自治"的特点;在学位授予制度上呈现出学位逐渐统一和专业划分更细的特点;在培养模式上呈现出根据社会需求调整培养思路的特点;在实习制度上呈现出形式多样化和理论与实践紧密结合的特点.     

澳大利亚高质量职前教师教育体系改革与启示

以澳大利亚《下一步：优质职前教师教育审查报告》为基础,探讨高质量职前教师教育体系改革的重点,包括选拔优质人才、提升教学质量、支持新教师,并基于此提出对我国师范教育体系建设的启示：改革师范教育招生制度,注重考察学生品德;优化师范教育教学内容,改善师范教育城市化倾向;严格教师行业准入要求,实行“先育后考”的教师资格制度;构建教师培养一体化模式,促进教师专业发展。     

澳大利亚堪培拉大学教师教育方案管窥

澳大利亚教师教育方案是培养本国学前、小学和中学教师的课程方案,类似于我国师范院校的教学计划。该国职前教师教育方案有五种培养模式,单学位和双学位为两种主要模式,此外还有其他三种模式。单学位模式适用于学前和小学教师的培养,双学位模式适用于中学教师的培养。该国教师教育方案的特点是结构清晰、种类多样、形式灵活、受到各级政府的重视;随着社会的发展而不断更新。     

Restructuring Higher Education. A Comparative Analysis between Australia and The Netherlands

It must be considered that there is nothing more difficult to carry out, nor more doubtful to success, than to initiate a new order of things. For the reformer has enemies in all those who profit by the old order, and only lukewarm defenders in all those who profit by the new order, this lukewarmness arising partly from fear of their adversaries, who have the laws in their favour; and partly from the incredulity of mankind, who do not truly believe in anything new until they have actual experience of it. (Machiavelli)

     

Changing Research Contexts in Teacher Education in Australia: Charting new directions

This paper examines research into initial teacher education in light of current Australian policy initiatives concerned with both the quality of research conducted in higher education and the quality of teacher education programs. The purpose of the paper is to explore some ways in which the research is, and can be, positioned in the current policy context. The paper begins with a brief overview of some of the main characteristics of the research concerned with initial (pre‐service) teacher education in Australia over the last decade. In terms of scope, scale and methodology, the research can be characterised in the following way: typically small‐scale; many one‐off studies; localised in nature; and a growing application of qualitative research methods. An obvious strength of this type of research is that it is closely tied to practice and to the day‐to‐day workings of initial teacher education programs. An equally obvious weakness is that the research does not necessarily have so called ‘impact’ in relation to policy debates and/or other measures of success in the wider research community. The paper charts some possible new directions for teacher education research in ways that build on the strengths and address the weaknesses. The directions can be characterised as follows: a ‘big funding’ approach; an ‘institutional aggregation’ approach; and a ‘platforms and protocols’ approach.     

澳大利亚维多利亚州教师教育课程标准述评

2007年6月,澳大利亚维多利亚州教学协会制定了新的教师教育课程标准《职前教师教育课程的评审标准、指导方针及评审程序》。该教师教育课程标准的设计理念是"教师专业化",设计模式是"泰勒模式",突出重点是"实习"。它对我国制定教师教育课程标准具有一些借鉴意义,如更新理念,注重学生需要;重视实践,促进教师专业化;加强合作,构建学校伙伴关系;规范的评价体系是质量的重要保证。     

二战后澳大利亚教师教育政策的变革

二战后,澳大利亚教师教育政策在不同的政治经济背景下体现出不同的特点,联邦和州政府对教师教育机构、模式和内容进行了不同程度的改革。同时,澳大利亚的教师教育实践,无论是数量还是质量,课程还是模式,雇佣制度还是认证机制,职前教师教育还是职后教师培训,都面临众多的问题和挑战,这是执政党在制定新的教师教育政策时必须关注的问题。