“学会生存”不如“学会发展”

LEARNING TO BE:The World of Education Today and Tomorrow一书自1979年翻译出版以来,以《学会生存——教育世界的今天和明天》此版本的翻译风靡一时,引起了我国教育界的广泛关注。但时至今日,笔者对LEARNING TO BE被译为学会生存仍旧存在诸多疑惑和不解。根据该书和20年之后的《教育——财富蕴藏其中》所涉内容,笔者提议LEARNING TO BE应译为学会发展。     

Learning to Read and Learning to Teach Reading

The National Curriculum for Initial Teacher Education in English is specific and detailed about the knowledge expected of primary teachers. Shulman (1987) argued that teachers transform this sort of subject content knowledge into something accessible and meaningful to their pupils and this knowledge is described as ‘pedagogic content knowledge’. Medwell et al. (1998) found that effective literacy teachers only knew literacy in the way that they taught it. The research project underpinning this article aimed to explore student teachers' conceptions of the teaching of reading in order to find out what they thought they were teaching when they taught reading. It was thought that the personal reading histories of the students would impact on their developing conceptions of teaching reading. This article traces one student, Gordon, through the year of his PGCE course. In the form of dialogue between Gordon and the researcher developing understanding is articulated. Three different types of reading are described: decoding, making meaning and engaging. Reading is seen as a transformative process, where the reader is both within and outside the text. This has implications both for the conception of reading contained within the curriculum and the way it is implemented within the classroom. A teacher can only introduce children to experiences and ways of reading that are known to herself. It is argued, therefore, that student teachers need to extend the boundaries of their own reading and so appreciate the wide range of ways in which meaning is constructed and readers are created.     

从传统学习到合作学习

与传统学习相比,合作学习是目前世界上许多国家都普遍采用的一种富有创意和实效的教学理论与策略体系。它是教师在创造环境的情况下由学生来构筑知识、发现知识、转移知识和扩展知识的过程,对改善师生关系、实现师生教学相长有重要的意义。     

学会发问--学生主动学习的一把钥匙

苏霍姆林斯基说过:学生来到学校里,不仅是为了取得一份知识的行囊,更主要的是为了变得更聪明。教师要使学生越学越聪明,越学能力越强,就必须把学生正确的思维方法的培养放在十分重要的位置上,学会发问就是途径之一。学会发问是学生主动学习,变得更聪明的一把钥匙。     

学习超市——推进学习型社会的一种选择

学习超市以共用技术支持、管理运营、学习服务等方面的显著优势.成为推进学习型社会的一种选择。当前,政府调控、资源整合、标准制订、课件共享是建设学习超市的重要内容。     

研究性学习:姓“学”不姓“研”

·要把“研究性学习”作为一种学习方式首先引进到各门学科的教学中去,要通过“研究性学习”使学科教学中固有的“传承”教学模式得以根本性的改造。·要从学科教学“活性化”的角度来理解“研究性学习”的内在价值,要充分利用学生在“研究性学习”活动中形成的学习兴趣与态度,切实提升学生学习学科知识的主动性与能动性。     

Learning to read

Summary Reading begins with the child’s acquisition of spoken language. Later he learns to differentiate the graphic symbols from one another and to decode these to familiar speech sounds. As he learns the code, he must progressively utilize the structural constraints which are built into it in order to attain the skilled performance which is characterized by processing of higher-order units—the spelling and morphological patterns of the language. Because of my firm conviction that good pedagogy is based on a deep understanding of the discipline to be taught and the nature of the learning process involved, I have tried to show that the psychology of reading can benefit from a program of theoretical analysis and experiment. An analysis of the reading task—its discriminatory and decoding aspects as well as the semantic and syntactical aspects—tells uswhat must be learned. An analysis of the learning process tells ushow. The consideration of formal instruction comes only after these steps, and its precepts should follow from them. This article is adapted from a paper used at a conference on Perceptual and Linguistic Aspects of Reading, sponsored by the Committee on Learning and the Educational Process of the Social Science Research Council and held at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, Palo Alto, California, 31, October 1963. Reprinted by permission of the Author and Publisher from Science, V. 148, No. 3673, 21 May 1965.     

Learning to Teach

Simon Prokhovnik retired last year after twenty‐five years as a lecturer (and ultimately Associate‐Professor) at the University of New South Wales. He suggests that University lecturing is an art whose successful practice demands imagination and scholarship, application and enthusiasm; and that the only venue for learning this art is in the University itself.     

Learning to Crawl

The effects of infants' age, body dimensions, and experience on the development of crawling was examined by observing 28 infants longitudinally, from children's first attempts at crawling until they began walking. Although most infants displayed multiple crawling postures en route to walking, development did not adhere to a strict progression of obligatory, discrete stages. In particular, 15 infants crawled on their bellies prior to crawling on hands and knees, but the other 13 infants skipped the belly-crawling period and proceeded directly to crawling on hands and knees. Duration of experience with earlier forms of crawling predicted the speed and efficiency of later, quite different forms of crawling. Most important, infants who had formerly belly crawled were more proficient crawling on hands and knees than infants who had skipped the belly-crawling period. Transfer could not be explained by differences in infants' age or body dimensions alone. Rather, experience using earlier crawling patterns may have exerted beneficial effects on hands-and-knees crawling by shoring up underlying constituents common to all forms of crawling postures.     

Pathways to Learning

Despite the C.S.W.E. policy statement requirement to integrate content on special populations into the curriculum, many social work educators lack effective teaching methods to meet this mandate. As a result, students struggle with a gap between classroom experience and field demands. Experiential exercises, when incorporated into the practice curriculum, aid in bridging the gap while sensitizing students to the many needs of special populations.     

Learning to read

This paper traces the philosophical and programmatic evolution of Pratham's accelerated reading programme ‘Read India’. It outlines the experiences that led to the development of the accelerated reading technique and the organizational contexts in which this approach has been played out.     

学会飞翔

我是怀着两个梦想长大的：一个梦想是骑单车，另一个是飞翔。现在我已经47岁了，而直到现在，我一个梦想郁还没有实现呢。其实这些梦想的种子萌发于我童年时做的两个梦。     

学会休息

快节奏的生活,使休息变成了一个陌生的概念,理所当然的休息竟然被人们当成奢侈和浪费。工作与成就成正比,这是真理还是谎言?休息是否也能带来益处?跨文化EQ工作坊《学会休息》     

学会学习--通过数学教学培养高职学生的阅读能力

本文详细叙述了如何通过数学课堂内外的教学,提高学生的阅读能力和学习兴趣.真正做到在教学的过程中重其所重,轻其所轻,实现教学过程的良性循环,进而使学生学会学习,为其进一步深造打下良好基础.