大坝与坝基稳定性分析研究

大坝与坝基的稳定一直是工程师密切关注的一个安全问题. 论文提出2种分析重力坝和坝基稳定的方法: 一种是基于刚体极限平衡原理的直接分析方法, 它将坝体和岩基作为不变形的刚体, 利用该方法可直接计算出可能滑动面的安全因数; 另一种是基于弹塑性理论的间接分析方法, 它采用非线性有限元方法分析大坝和坝基的应力和变形. 根据收敛和突变准则来确定稳定安全度.结果表明:工程建筑物的破坏不仅仅是由于施加荷载的原因,同时也与组成材料的性质有关.     

土坝回填粘土渗透变形特性试验研究

土石坝的除险加固方案中常采用冲抓套井回填夯实粘土作为防渗体,即粘土心墙防渗体,该方法已在许多水库和相当长度的堤防工程建设中得到广泛的应用;然而其渗透稳定一直是工程设计和施工中的关键问题之一.本文结合某水库土石坝除险加固工程坝体渗透稳定问题,开展了坝体心墙粘土的物理特性、渗透特性、临界坡降的研究,为工程设计和施工提供了必要的分析成果和参考依据.     

基于ANSYS的混凝土重力坝抗震性能分析

利用Ansys软件建立了重力坝结构的有限元分析模型,采用静力理论和动力理论,对坝体进行了静力分析和动力分析,得到了坝体变形图、合位移等值线图、有效应力等值线图、坝体振型图。通过分析可以得到地震载荷对坝体产生的影响,并为坝体的设计提供理论依据。     

浅析混凝土面板堆石坝的施工工艺

土石坝因其取材广泛,对地基基础要求低等优点被越来越多地采用,混凝土面板堆石坝是土石坝的一种,属于经过长期实践的经验坝。本文从五个方面简单介绍了在修建砼面板坝时的施工工艺,以期对未来类似工程提供一定的借鉴和参考价值。     

不同掺加剂大粒径沥青碎石黏弹性研究

为了研究掺加橡胶粉或玻璃纤维对大粒径沥青碎石黏弹性能的影响,通过单轴静载蠕变试验,得到不同荷载和不同沥青用量下的大粒径沥青碎石应变-时间曲线,并采用Burger模型对其蠕变柔量进行表述,得出以下结论:当w(沥青)=3.3%时,掺有橡胶粉或玻璃纤维的大粒径沥青碎石性能最佳,相较于掺加玻璃纤维的大粒径沥青碎石,掺加橡胶粉的大粒径沥青碎石抵抗瞬时抗变形能力较弱,抵抗永久变形能力较强。随着荷载的增加,掺加玻璃纤维或橡胶粉的大粒径沥青碎石抵抗瞬时变形能力和永久变形能力也逐渐增强。     

Plastic limit load analysis for pressure pipe with incomplete welding defects based on the extended Net Section Collapse Criteria

With von Mises yield criterion, the loading range of Net Section Collapse （NSC） Criteria is extended from combined tension and bending loadings to combined bending, torsion and internal pressure loadings. A new theoretical analyzing method of plastic limit load for pressure pipe with incomplete welding defects based on the extended NSC Criteria is presented and the correlative formulas are deduced, the influences of pipe curvature, circumferential length and depth of incomplete welding defects on the plastic limit load of pressure pipe are considered as well in this method. Meanwhile, according to the orthogonal experimental design method, the plastic limit loads are calculated by the finite element method and compared with the theoretical values. The results show that the expressions of plastic limit load of pressure pipe with incomplete welding defects under bending, torsion and internal pressure based on extended NSC criteria are reliable. The study provides an important theoretical basis for the establishment of safety assessment measure towards pressure pipe with incomplete welding defects.     

Calculations of plastic collapse load of pressure vessel using FEA

This paper proposes a theoretical method using finite element analysis （FEA） to calculate the plastic collapse loads of pressure vessels under internal pressure, and compares the analytical methods according to three criteria stated in the ASME Boiler Pressure Vessel Code. First, a finite element technique using the arc-length algorithm and the restart analysis is developed to conduct the plastic collapse analysis of vessels, which includes the material and geometry non-linear properties of vessels. Second, as the mechanical properties of vessels are assumed to be elastic-perfectly plastic, the limit load analysis is performed by employing the Newton-Raphson algorithm, while the limit pressure of vessels is obtained by the twice-elastic-slope method and the tangent intersection method respectively to avoid excessive deformation. Finally, the elastic stress analysis under working pressure is conducted and the stress strength of vessels is checked by sorting the stress results. The results are compared with those obtained by experiments and other existing models. This work provides a reference for the selection of the failure criteria and the calculation of the plastic collapse load.     

水压力条件下的含裂隙边坡动力响应数值分析

在考虑坝水耦合振动影响下,对拱坝边坡在地震作用下承受的动水压力进行了理论分析和数值计算。对正常蓄水位时、枯水位时边坡地震响应进行了分析。包括边坡的损伤演化、应力、位移的分析。在水坝地震动力分析中,应当将边坡、库水和地基三者作为一个综合的振动系统进行动力分析,考虑它们之间的相互作用,为类似库区边坡稳定性评价和边坡加固提供理论依据。     

不可压超弹塑性材料中空穴的静、动生成问题

1 Introduction Cavitation phenomenon,i.e.,the sudden forma-tion of void , has been observed in a wide variety ofmetals and alloys[1].It has also been observed in rub-ber[2]and elastomers[3].As cavitation phenomenon re-lates to the mechanism of local failu…     

Collapse analysis of imperfect subsea pipelines based on 2D high-order nonlinear model

To study the collapse of imperfect subsea pipelinos, a 2D high-order nonlinear model is developed. In this model, the large deformation of the pipes is considered by raiaining the high-order nonlinear terms of strain. In addi-tion, the J2 plastic flow theory is adopted to describe the elasioplastic constitutive relations of material. The quasi-static process of collapse is analyzed by the increment method. For each load step, the equations based on the principle of virtual work are presented and solved by the discrete Newton＇s method. Furthermore, finite element simulations and full-scale experiments were preformed to validate the results of the model. Research on the major influencing factors of collapse pressure, including D/t, material type and initial ovality, is also presented.     

Numerical simulation for progressive collapse of continuous girder bridge subjected to ship impact

The three-stage simulation method based on LS-DYNA was introduced in this study to simulate the progressive collapse of a continuous girder bridge after a ship-bridge collision. The pile-soil dynamic interaction and the initial stress and deformation of the whole bridge before the collision were considered. By analyzing the damage, deformation, stress distribution and collapse process of the whole bridge, the results show that the displacement response of the cap beam lags behind the pile cap. The response order of the whole bridge’s components depends on their distances from the collision region. The plastic deformation of soil around piles has a positive effect on delaying the further increase in the displacement of piles. The impacted pier’s losing stability and its superstructure’s excessive deformation are the main reasons leading to the progressive collapse of the continuous girder bridge.     

大骨料混凝土在双轴压应力状态下的变形和强度试验研究

利用大连理工大学自行研制改造的液压伺服静、动态三轴试验系统对不同骨料级配和尺寸的混凝土试件在双向压荷载作用下的变形和强度特性进行了试验研究.试验所用试件有3种:采用大坝原级配最大骨料粒径为80 mm的立方体试件以及相应的湿筛混凝土试件,尺寸分别为250mm×250mm×250 mm,150 mm×150 mm×150 mm和100 mm×100 mm×100 mm.试验过程中,测得了所有试件两个加载方向的应力和应变,以及未加载方向上的侧向变形,并根据试验结果,系统地探讨了不同级配混凝土的双轴抗压强度、极限变形、应力-应变曲线以及破坏形态的变化规律,发现大骨料混凝土在双轴压作用下的极限强度和变形能力要比相应的湿筛小骨料混凝土提高的更多,最后分别在主应力空间和主应变空间建立了不同级配混凝土的破坏准则,这为水工大体积混凝土按多轴强度理论进行设计提供了试验依据.     

施工过程中混凝土徐变对结构竖向变形影响的有限元模拟

通过有限元模拟及算例验证,分析了高层建筑考虑施工过程中混凝土材料徐变对结构竖向变形的影响。分析表明,混凝土的徐变变形作用对柱的轴力影响不大,但对柱端弯矩影响较大;考虑徐变变形的柱端弯矩计算结果较没有考虑徐变变形的情况有显著减小。在考虑徐变影响的情况下,各层位移均有所增加,且两者的最大差值相差较大,很可能会影响结构的正常使用,在设计过程中不应忽视。该研究结果可为考虑高层建筑结构在施工过程中材料的徐变性能对结构内力的影响提供理论依据及分析方法。     

AZ31B镁合金板材室温拉楔试验影响因素的研究

采用正交试验法研究板材变形程度、润滑条件、轴向加裁力大小和变形速度对AZ31B镁合金挤压板材室温拉楔性能的影响,结果表明:变形程度对拉楔试验顺利完成的影响最为显著,其次是润滑条件和轴向加载力大小,采用固体润滑剂的润滑效果优于油脂类润滑剂,且轴向加载力越大对拉楔试验成功越有利;而变形速度超过1 mm/min时,其影响效果不明显.在拉楔系数0.883,轴向加载力为拉楔力的1.759倍,使用固体肥皂作为润滑刑,取得了良好试验效果.     

永磁电动机转子温度场数值计算

永磁直流电动机在运行过程中涉及到的相关内容很多,不仅有电动机的控制,而且还包括电动机在运行过程中电机温升的分布情况。由于永磁电动机的转子上有永磁体的存在,而永磁材料的性能受材料所处环境的温度分布确定,因此在研究永磁电动机控制的过程中,必须研究对应于电动机不同控制状态下的转子内部温度的分布特性,这样对电动机的研究才能成为完整的一体。     

Numerical Simulation of Dynamic Response and Collapse for Steel Frame Structures Subjected to Blast Load

The progressive collapse of steel frame structures under the blast load was investigated using LS-DYNA.The multi-material Eulerian and Lagrangian coupling algorithm was adopted.A fluid-structure coupling finite element model was established which consists of Lagrange element for simulating steel frame structures and concrete ground,multiple ALE element for simulating air and TNT explosive material.Numerical simulations of the blast pressure wave propagation,structural dynamic responses and deformation,and progressive collapse of a five-story steel frame structure in the event of an explosion near above ground were performed.The numerical analysis showed that the Lagrangian and Eulerian coupling algorithm gave good simulations of the shock wave propagation in the mediums and blast load effects on the structure.The columns subjected to blast load may collapse by shear yielding rather than by flexural deformation.The columns and joints of steel beam to column in the front steel frame structure generated enormous plastic deformation subjected to intensive blast waves,and columns lost carrying capacity,subsequently leading to the collapse of the whole structure.The approach coupling influence between structural deformation and fluid load well simulated the progressive collapse process of structures,and provided an effective tool for analyzing the collapse mechanism of the steel frame structure under blast load.     

外力作用下FDM构件失效分析

为探究FDM零件压缩作用下连续变形失效的机理,对125种不同构型的零件压缩实验比较力学性能。基于正交实验设计理论,通过多因素组合分析确定零件连续变形失效原因。正交实验结果表明,抗压缩强度影响从大到小排序为层片厚度、材料种类、填充率、打印质量。采用仿真手段模拟了压缩变形后微观失效的变化规律。结果表明,材料进入塑性阶段必须考虑损伤形成的影响,塑性阶段后促进损伤扩展,应防止构件出现塑性过程导致局部失效破坏,验证了模拟方法的合理性。     

Wear behavior of copper-containing ferritic iron under a dry sliding condition

The effect of solute Cu and Cu precipitates on the wear behavior of ferritic iron under an unlubricated condition was investigated. The specific wear rate of Cu-containing steel abruptly decreased up to 50 N of load, and then gradually decreased with further increased load. The specific wear rate of the as-quenched specimen, in which Cu was in a solid solution, was the lowest among all the specimens at low loads, and all specimens had almost the same specific wear rate at high loads. Subsurface observation showed that the hardness increments of all specimens decreased with increased depth below the worn surface. The as-quenched specimen had a relatively large depth of deformed region than the other specimens even though the increments in hardness were almost the same for all specimens at low loads. With the same hardness at an unworn state, the as-quenched and over-aged specimens exhibited a substantial increase in hardness and large deformed regions below the worn surfaces. This finding indicated that the enhancement in plastic deformation and work hardening led to the decrease in the specific wear rate of the as-quenched specimen at low loads and the improvement in the wear resistance of all specimens at high loads.     

论Geo—slope中背水面边界条件选取问题

对西安市某均质土坝,库水位在最高水位的工况下,用有限元分析软件Geo—slope计算分析了背水面不同高度的透水边界对渗流场和背水面边坡安全系数的计算结果的影响。结果发现,背水面透水边界在合理的高度以下上升时总流量、出溢流量、出溢口处水力坡降、背水面边坡安全系数增大;背水面透水边界在合理的高度以上升高时这四个代表值减小。说明了合理的背水面透水边界为各个流场代表值和边坡安全系数的极值点。     

Numerical Simulation of Dynamic Response and Collapse for Steel Frame Structures Subjected to Blast Load

The progressive collapse of steel frame structures under the blast load was investigated using LS-DYNA. The multi-material Eulerian and Lagrangian coupling algorithm was adopted. A flu-id-structure coupling finite element model was established which consists of Lagrange element for simulating steel frame structures and concrete ground, multiple ALE element for simulating air and TNT explosive material. Numerical simulations of the blast pressure wave propagation, struc-tural dynamic responses and deformation, and progressive collapse of a five-story steel frame structure in the event of an explosion near above ground were performed. The numerical analysis showed that the Lagrangian and Eulerian coupling algorithm gave good simulations of the shock wave propagation in the mediums and blast load effects on the structure. The columns subjected to blast load may collapse by shear yielding rather than by flexural deformation. The columns and joints of steel beam to column in the front steel frame structure generated enormous plastic defor-mation subjected to intensive blast waves, and columns lost carrying capacity, subsequently lead-ing to the collapse of the whole structure. The approach coupling influence between struc-tural deformation and fluid load well simulated the progressive collapse process of structures, and provided an effective tool for analyzing the collapse mechanism of the steel frame structure under blast load.