院校研究对我国高等教育研究的影响

长期以来我国的高等教育研究都是以宏大叙事为主的研究,其特点是思辨研究多,实证研究少;宏观问题研究多,微观问题研究少;经验性总结多,科学、系统性研究少。这种研究方式为我国高等教育学科的初期发展作出一定的贡献,但是已经无法满足我国高等教育快速发展的需要。院校研究作为高等教育研究的一种新的范式,它是一种立足于单个高等学校本身的研究。这种新的研究方式的引进必将给高等教育研究带来新的生机。     

当代德国大学课程改革研究

随着两德的统一以及高等教育的大众化、多样化和国际化,德国大学以课程改革为核心进行了一系列的教育改革。从缩短学生学习年限到逐步建立与国际接轨的学位制度,以及对专业设置改革和学生学业评价的改革产生的联动效应。同时,在课程实施方面,德国大学注重文理工学科的相互渗透、注重实践教学环节、注重加强“产学研”交流。这些都从不同侧面体现了当代德国大学课程改革的趋势：基础化、职业化与综合化。     

Research Users, Producers and Funders: Challenges to Scientific Research in British Universities

Scientific research in universities is undergoing a process of restructuring. To a large extent this process is driven by the changing roles of research funders, research producers and research users. Business is the dominant producer of research, government - through departmental research agencies and research council institutes - is second in importance and universities are relatively minor producers. However, in all sectors there is a process of fragmentation through which independent research producers are emerging. The balance of research funding in the last decade or so has shifted relatively from the dominance of government to the dominance of business, with a growing relative contribution from charities and from overseas. But this diversification of funding has taken place within a broadly stable aggregate level. Research users have started behaving much more as research customers: it is estimated that eighty three per cent of British scientific research is purchased by those in business or government, who wish to use it very directly in their work. These changes pose challenges to the traditional view of university research as a public good or a cultural enterprise; increasingly it is becoming a mode of economic production.     

Postgraduate conception of research methodology: implications for learning and teaching

This qualitative inquiry investigates postgraduate students’ conceptions of research methodology and how it contributes to their learning. It explores factors likely to motivate student choice of research methodology and challenges in understanding research methods. The research was carried out at research-intensive universities in New Zealand and in Malaysia with similar postgraduate programmes. Participants were enrolled in Masters and Ph.D. programmes. Findings revealed that participants share a recognition that research methodology is a significant body of knowledge in postgraduate education. However, there were noticeable differences in perspectives regarding what constitutes research methodology and whether or not it should be conceived as a discipline. To some participants, learning research methodology is less of a discipline but rather an acquisition of a set of isolated facts and skills without necessarily acquiring a deeper understanding of research. Furthermore, postgraduate students choose research methodology based on a number of factors such as familiarity with a method, methodological orientation of the primary supervisor, the domain of study, and the nature of research problems pursued. Participants reported that the key challenges they face in understanding research methodology include framing research questions, understanding the theory or literature and its role in shaping research outcomes, and difficulties in performing data analysis.     

Stories about learning in narrative biographical research

This article discusses the relation between narrating a story and experiencing a learning process—for both the research subjects and the researcher—as an inherent feature of narrative biographical research. It is argued that in order to do justice to the particularity, the interpretation and the agency of the research subjects and thus to the revelatory character and transformative power of their life story, the researcher has to be personally and critically engaged in the research process. Besides acknowledging the learning process of the research subjects, it is necessary to reflect on the research process itself in terms of a narrative and a learning process. Radically living up to the starting points of narrative biographical research implies consequences for the position of the researcher in the research process, for the research results and for the research report.     

Didaktische Entwicklungsforschung als Transferförderung

“Transfer” from research into practical applications is mostly seen as an autonomous domain between research and practice. For educational research, the author develops a conception in which transfer is a part of research, especially of applied educational research with a focus on teaching activities and teaching-learning materials. The criticism of traditional teaching research is examined and a research and development approach to didactics is proposed as a chance to combine theory and practice. The article comprises considerations on the scientific nature of research and development in didactics borrowing concepts from Bunge and Stokes and R & D in the economic sciences. The last section shows two research examples and closes with considerations for process and product evaluation in didactic research and development.     

高等教育的学科化研究与多学科研究

中国高等教育研究的认识论中存在着“学科论”与“领域论”的学科属性之争,由此导致高等教育的学科化研究和高等教育的多学科研究两种研究方法。高等教育的学科化研究直指高等教育学学科建设,而高等教育的多学科研究则被高等教育理论和实践证明是行之有效的方法,是目前高等教育研究的主流范式。两种研究方法各有其效用,但缺陷和不足也十分明显。在“学科论”和“领域论”两种观点在未来一段时间内仍将存在的情况下,如何厘清高等教育的学科化研究与多学科研究之间的关系是高等教育研究不断创新的关键所在。     

加强科研管理，提高南京电大科研水平

广播电视大学作为一所成人高校,科研工作是它的一项重要职能,也是它提升竞争力、提高办学水平的重要标志。南京电大科研管理工作当前还存在科研基础不坚实、科研成果的层次还有待于提升、学科研究薄弱、系统科研工作发展不平衡、科研管理信息化建设滞后等问题,文章提出了加强科研管理制度的制定与执行、建立科研激励机制、建立一支高水平科研队伍、关注学科建设和专业建设、提升科研学术水平、加强对外联系与合作、加大对科研经费的投入等科研管理策略和建议。     

Exploring knowledge processes based on teacher research in a school–university research network of a master’s program

School–university research networks aim at closer integration of research and practice by means of teacher research. Such practice-oriented research can benefit both schools and universities. This paper reports on a multiple-case study of five participants in a school–university research network in a Dutch master’s program. The research question was: In what way is knowledge based on practice-oriented research by master’s students developed, shared, and used in school–university research networks in which education is primarily offered within a university setting? Twenty interviews were conducted, on the basis of logs, over a period of 10 months. Results show that (1) for master’s students, the most significant motive for developing, sharing or using knowledge was that the content knowledge about their research topic could be useful to school practice and colleagues; (2) research supervisors reported more than master’s students about the procedural knowledge that they had developed and shared. This knowledge focused on the collaborative process of supporting research and knowledge processes in school and university; (3) activities of knowledge sharing and use appeared to depend to a significant extent on individual purposes and leadership initiatives of master’s students and their supervisors; and (4) in the school–university research network, master’s students and research supervisors continued—to a limited extent—knowledge processes based on master’s students research after their graduation. Outcomes indicate that use of existing network structures in master’s programs is complex, but could be a promising avenue for creating successful school–university research networks.     

‘You never know what research is like unless you’ve done it!’ Action research to promote collaborative student-teacher research

In contrast with its high level of popularity in both research and practice for in-service teacher development, teacher research has received much less attention in pre-service language teacher education as a reflective learning approach, particularly in China’s context. Action research, as a major form of teacher research, has rarely been employed by teacher educators. This action research study undertaken by a teacher educator aimed to address this dual gap by examining the effect of collaborative research experience undertaken by a cohort of English as a foreign language pre-service teachers in China. Triangulated research methods were employed to gather two sets of data respectively reflecting the student-teachers’ views of their collaborative research and the teacher educator’s perceptions of the action research. It was found that both groups highly endorsed their research experience. Meanwhile, issues also arose in terms of the sustainability of such research experiences for both groups. The study highlights the necessity of incorporating collaborative student-teacher research and teacher educators’ action research into pre-service teacher education programmes, which entails the need to transform the existing foundationalist teacher education paradigm into a post-foundationalist paradigm, and to recognize teacher educators’ action research on pertinent issues in teacher education.     

网络教育研究范式和研究方法的应用与分析——“数字化学习港与终身学习社会的建设与示范”教学改革项目个案研究

在网络教育实践探索、教学改革和科学研究中,如何正确地选择和应用研究范式和研究方法,无疑是一个非常重要和关键的问题,同时又是一个尚未引起重视和关注的问题。本文以“数字化学习港与终身学习社会的建设与示范”教学改革项目为例,从方法论、研究方法或方式以及具体的技术与技巧等研究方法的三个层面出发,从研究对象的选取与确定、研究范式的选择和应用、个案研究和行动研究的开展,以及质性研究与量化研究的结合等四个方面来分析类似大型科研和教改项目所运用的研究范式和研究方法。一方面,分析、评价和反思项目研究方法的科学性和有效性;一方面,更重要的是希望对类似覆盖面广、规模较大,实践探索性强的科研和教改项目在研究方法上,特别是方法论层面上提供一些借鉴。     

Conceptions of ‘research’ and their gendered impact on research activity: a UK case study

ABSTRACT

The last twenty years have seen an increased emphasis around the world on the quality and quantity of research in response to national research assessments, international league tables, and changes in government funding. The prevailing attitude in higher education embeds research as the ‘gold standard’ in the context of academic activity. However, a key feature of this trend is significant gender differences in research activity. We argue that research productivity is related to identification as a researcher, and that identifying as ‘research-active’ or not would appear to depend upon how an individual academic subjectively defines ‘research’. This article brings together two hitherto separate bodies of work (1) the impact of gender on academic research careers, and (2) academic conceptions of research. Through a combination of interviews, focus groups and questionnaires, we investigate the extent to which interpretations of ‘research’ and ‘research activity’ differ by gender within an institution in the UK and the potential impact of these interpretations. Although the research found that there are many similarities in the interpretations of ‘research activity’ between genders, we found one important difference between male and female participants’ conceptions of research and its relationship to teaching. Significantly, our findings suggest that there is a need to expand our existing conceptualisations of ‘research’ to include ‘research as scholarship’ in order to address the obstacles that current understandings of ‘research’ have placed on some academics. Self-definition as a researcher underlies research activity. A narrow conception of ‘research’ may prevent individuals from identifying as ‘research-active’ and therefore engaging with research.     

The three Rs of action research methodology: reciprocity,reflexivity and reflection-on-reality

This article presents an exploration of the methodology of action research. It is a reflection on a study where an action research methodology used by the researcher to research and develop theory, became part of the model of professional development. In this way, the action research methodology permeated into the culture of the way people worked together. This article describes how a researcher can not only use action research methods to gather data on a development, but can also lead a group of action researchers towards a greater awareness of their own practice in their own institutions. A greater awareness of the bigger issues in education is also an outcome achieved by facilitating critical discussion on key issues. There can be action research for research purposes, action research for action purposes and action research communities that can lead to emancipatory practices in education. These are concurrent strands within action research communities.     

教师参与校本教育科研的因素分析

本研究对中小学教师参与校本教育科研的现状进行了调查和因素分析,并提出了若干建设性意见。研究结果显示：有相当数量的学校领导对校本教育科研不够重视,没有建立校本教育科研管理制度;教师对校本教育科研的认识参差不一,许多教师存有错误认识或认识模糊;影响教师参与校本教育科研的主要因素依次是：没有时间精力、缺乏研究经费、缺乏研究资料、缺乏研究方法知识以及思想不重视;教师参与课题研究撰写论文及发表论文在性别、学历、任教学科和学校类型等方面无显著性差异,而在年龄、教龄和职称等方面有显著性差异;教师从事教育科研与学校领导态度、学校教育科研制度以及教师的教育科研知识技能有显著性相关,而与教师对待教育科研的态度无关,我国的校本教育科研目前是一种＂制度推动型校本科研＂。     

教育叙事研究:是什么与怎么做

目前教育叙事研究作为一种质的研究方法被广泛运用于教育研究领域.然而对于教育叙事研究是什么却存在着误解.教育叙事研究与教育叙事的本质区别在于其具有的研究气质.本文对如何做教育叙事研究的一般操作步骤进行了论述,一般而言做教育叙事研究有三大步骤:做好准备工作走进参与者生活——收集整理叙事材料——撰写研究文本.此外,做好教育叙事研究还要注意以下几点:由理论语言到生活化语言;研究者要与参与者保持交互主体关系;保持做研究的科学严谨态度.     

近十年我国残疾人体育研究回顾及发展展望

残疾人体育活动的蓬勃发展推动了残疾人体育研究的不断深入,残疾人体育理论研究水平的不断提高又将科学化地指导实践。利用非反应测量的内容分析法,对近十年公开发表的残疾人体育研究文献进行分析发现:残疾人体育相关研究的总体趋势表现为:文献总量快速增加,期刊类型更加丰富;研究的时代特征日益鲜明;理论性基础研究占较大比例。同时,目前关于残疾人体育的研究也存在明显缺陷,研究主题分布较为集中;跨学科研究的理论支撑不足;研究的传统价值观受到挑战;研究工具单一化;研究成果的关注范围扩大但影响力不足。建议:从个体研究转向关系研究、解决研究的技术性问题和理论体系的建构应当成为残疾人体育未来研究的重要方向。     

旅游研究方法的演进与创新

文章通过对国内外旅游研究方法的特征进行归纳、总结、对比,发现国内旅游研究方法则存在创新性不足、研究范式单一、缺乏系统性等问题。旅游研究方法体系建设,应根据旅游研究的多学科、跨学科特质,从研究内容、学科建设和研究范式视角,建设基于复杂系统的研究方法体系,逐步提高旅游研究的科学肌理,实现旅游研究方法从模仿创新到创造创新的演进。     

混合方法研究:美国教育研究中的新范式

混合方法研究是指研究者在同一研究中综合调配或混合定量研究和质性研究的技术、方法、手段、概念或语言的研究类别。它是在美国质性、定量两种研究方法范式的争论中产生的。其理论基础是实用主义和系统哲学。混合方法研究程序设计包括确定研究问题、确定研究目的、选择研究方法、收集资料、分析资料、解释资料、使数据合法化、得出结论并撰写最终报告等步骤。其突出优势是在研究中能增加交叉性优势,压缩非重叠性弱势,提高研究的效度与信度。     

Alternative Model of Funding for Academic Research in Nigerian Universities

Funding of academic research in Nigerian universities by Government (5 per cent recurrent grants) is a policy dictated by the National Universities Commission (NUC) as the central body for allocating research funds. This research fund, little as it is, is irregular and inadequate and to make it worse is difficult to access. These aforementioned factors have contributed to the decline in research activity as a means of attaining sustainable development in Nigeria. Thus, this article proposes a dual support system of funding academic research as follows: a devolution of the power of the NUC as the central body for administering research funds and the encouragement of another separate body such as the Education Tax Fund (ETF) to promote a healthy competitive research process and collaborative research among university research groups and individuals. These separate bodies (NUC and ETF) should be similar to the dual support system of operation, policies and procedures in the UK, where there is the Higher Education Funding Council for England (HEFCE) and the Research Councils. These bodies collaborate to build and maintain a sustainable research base in the UK. The dual support system as it is operated in the UK is very efficient in backing research in universities, because the research is supported at a marginal cost and provides a research council component of provision irrespective of geographical location.     

Simulation research and design: a dual-level framework for multi-project research programs

Collaborations between researchers and practitioners have recently become increasingly popular in education, and educational design research (EDR) may benefit greatly from investigating such partnerships. One important domain in which EDR on collaborations between researchers and practitioners can be applied is research on simulation-based learning. However, frameworks describing both research and design processes in research programs on simulation-based learning are currently lacking. The framework proposed in this paper addresses this research gap. It is derived from theory and delineates levels, phases, activities, roles, and products of research programs to develop simulations as complex scientific artifacts for research purposes. This dual-level framework applies to research programs with a research committee and multiple subordinate research projects. The proposed framework is illustrated by examples from the actual research and design process of an interdisciplinary research program investigating the facilitation of diagnostic competences through instructional support in simulations. On a theoretical level, the framework contributes primarily to the literature of EDR by offering a unique dual-level perspective. Moreover, on a practical level, the framework may help by providing recommendations to guide the research and design process in research programs.