成人教育促进弱势群体社会融合的思考

社会发展中,弱势群体与社会融合的问题不容忽视。成人教育作为提高弱势群体文化素质和解决弱势群体与社会融合问题的主要渠道,应通过制定一系列成人教育政策,创新成人教育环境,完善成人教育管理机制,增强弱势群体自强不息精神,推进弱势群体与社会融合。     

社会融合与我国农村弱势群体成人教育发展

由于经济结构的调整,欧洲自上世纪末以来出现了贫困人口的“社会排斥”现象,在反社会排斥的实践中社会融合的概念也立即得到了欧洲各国的广泛认同。而欧洲社会的成人教育与培训则有效推动了欧洲弱势群体的社会融合。当前欧洲把成人教育视为解决弱势群体社会融合的重要途径,大力加强欧盟内部成人弱势群体的学习合作与交流。欧洲各国促进弱势群体通过成人教育融入社会的丰富经验,对我国农村弱势群体的社会融合提供了有益借鉴,促进社会融合也应是我国农村弱势群体成人教育的应有之义。     

社会融合视角下我国农村弱势群体成人教育发展探析

由于经济结构的调整,欧洲自20世纪末以来出现了贫困人口的“社会排斥”现象,在反社会排斥的实践中社会融合的概念也立即得到了欧洲国家的广泛认同。而欧洲社会的成人教育与培训则有效推动了欧洲弱势群体的社会融合。当前欧洲把成人教育视为解决弱势群体社会融合重要途径,大力加强欧盟内部成人弱势群体的学习合作与交流。欧洲国家促进弱势群体通过成人教育融入社会的丰富经验,对我国农村弱势群体的社会融合提供了有益借鉴,促进社会融合也应是我国农村弱势群体成人教育的应有之义。     

荷兰成人教育促进弱势群体社会融合成效评估工具研究——基于SIT工具的分析

荷兰开展的成人教育促进弱势群体社会融合成效评估,通过搭建理论框架、建构评估指标体系、编制评估量表等一系列活动,首创成人教育促进弱势群体社会融合成效评估工具——SIT工具,实现了成人教育与弱势群体社会融合的有力对接。荷兰的SIT工具为我国建构成人教育促进弱势群体社会融合成效评估体系提供了参考范式和思维框架。     

促进农村弱势群体的社会融合:成人教育的应为与可为

农村弱势群体遭受社会排斥、被边缘化的问题日渐显露,并已成为影响我国农村社会稳定、农村经济发展和新农村建设进程的重要因素之一。成人教育是提升农村弱势群体的人力资本,解决和促进农村弱势群体社会融合的有效途径,应通过出台成人教育的政策与措施,大力开展成人学习活动、创设良好的成人教育环境、拓展成人教育的功能、培养农村弱势群体的自强意识等等途径,促进农村弱势群体社会融合。     

促进农村弱势群体社会融合:成人教育应有的功能

由于经济发展不均衡等因素,使农村弱群体在融入社会中时存在着一定的问题。成人教育有责任帮助弱势群体提高素质,这样才能让农村弱势群体更好、更快的融入社会中来,真正地促进社会主义和谐社会的构建。成人教育应该提供一系列的方法和途径来促进农村弱势群体更好地融入社会:首先,应该出台成人教育的政策和措施,来确保农村弱势群体教育的有效开展;其次,开展成人学习活动,来大力提升农村弱势群体的素质和能力;再次,拓展成人教育功能,不断满足农村弱势群体多样化的学习需求;最后,培养自立自强意识,提高农村弱势群体的自我发展能力。     

欧盟的《格兰特威格计划》及其启示

《格兰特威格计划》通过欧盟各成员国在成人教育领域的合作,为成人特别是处于社会弱势地位的成人提供内容丰富、形式灵活以及安排合理的教育与培训项目,推动了成人教育机构及组织之间的合作,有效地满足了不同成人群体的学习需求,促进了弱势群体的社会融合。这对我国成人教育在推动社会组织机构的合作,改革课程设置,创新教学方法,确保成人弱势群体学习权利的获得以及促进成人弱势群体的社会融合等方面具有重要的借鉴意义。     

成人教育：提升成人弱势群体社会资本的有效途径

成人弱势群体是社会资本匮缺的群体,主要体现在社会关系网络窄、社会信任程度低和社会规范意识弱等方面,这成为成人弱势群体职业发展和社会交往的障碍。弱势群体是成人教育的重点关怀对象,成人教育是提升成人弱势群体社会资本的有效途径。通过开展形式多样的社区教育活动,拓宽社会关系网络;推进文化素质教育,加强社会认同;构建学习型团体,培养社会规范意识,能够有效提升成人弱势群体的社会资本。     

韩国成人教育促进农民社会流动的经验与启示

韩国成人教育在促进农民社会流动、实现角色转化的过程中,注重激发进取精神、获取政府支持、开展职业训练、关注弱势群体与培育后继农民,有效促进了农民的社会流动。借鉴韩国成人教育促进农民社会流动的成功经验,我国成人教育应在政府的支持下,以革新农民思想观念、培育农业转移劳动力、关注农村弱势群体、培养新生代职业农民为重点,全面促进农民的社会流动。     

发展成人教育促进教育公平

当前,我国成人教育特别是农村成人教育发展相对滞后,集中反映了我国社会弱势群体的受教育权利没有得到较好的尊重和保障;要通过大力发展农村成人教育的方式,对广大农民实施补偿教育,促进教育公平。     

社区教育服务成人信息弱势群体的对策研究

成人信息弱势群体表现为信息意识薄弱、获取信息渠道少、信息利用能力差的特征。旨在为社区居民谋发展,改善社区居民生活质量的社区教育有义务服务于成人信息弱势群体,这是成人信息弱势群体的强烈诉求,也是社区可持续发展的必然要求。我们应该积极发挥社区教育的功能,大力开展信息知识的宣传活动,增强成人信息弱势群体的信息意识;丰富社区成员的社交活动,拓宽他们的信息来源渠道;跟进社区信息化建设,为其创设适宜的信息平台;加强信息技术教育,提升信息利用能力。     

成人弱势群体教育救助的内涵及其机制

成人弱势群体教育救助是运用教育、培训的方法对想通过学习改变自己弱势地位的成人群体进行救助,帮助他们获得相应的素质与能力,转变自己生活境遇的救助途径。与适龄人群教育救助相比,成人弱势群体教育救助的原则、目标与方式都存在显著的差异。为了达到成人弱势群体教育救助的目的,可采取把成人弱势群体教育救助与劳动技能提升、社会人力资源需求以及成人继续教育改革相结合的救助机制。     

Adult education and critical identity development: from a deficiency orientation towards a competency orientation

The translation of this paper has been made possible with the financial help of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen (the Royal Dutch Academy of Sciences)

In this paper the authors criticise the growing tendency to conceive of adult education as a qualification oriented field of practice. Especially with respect to disadvantaged groups in society this orientation could have a stigmatizing effect. Various agents of education consider them as deficient and hence describe their identity in negative terms. Contrary to this, the authors develop a more positive orientation towards identity development and outline a new understanding of adult education. Their approach is inspired by insights developed in an area of cultural studies.     

新时期成人弱势群体的文化自觉与教育应对

当前成人弱势群体对于全面建设小康社会的阻隔，已构成普遍的社会问题。从化自觉的内在价值规约中消解成人弱势群体问题，使得成人教育功能得以彰显，主要体现在国家教育政策倾斜与社区教育、扫盲教育、再就业培训以及农民工培训等方面。     

批判民族志：弱势群体教育公平研究的新视野

近年来,我国关于弱势群体教育公平的研究成果颇丰,但是大多数仍然是宏观的政策理论研究,深入到弱势群体的微观实证研究成果还是很缺乏。批判民族志主要是通过研究者与研究对象的互动来理解和诠释研究对象的生活经历,并着手改造教育不公平的现象,因而为我国弱势群体教育公平研究提供了一个新视野,促进研究的深入发展。让研究者以＂局内人＂的身份理解弱势群体,深度描述和诠释弱势群体教育公平的现状;反思与批判背后的意识形态霸权与权力结构;在宏观与微观的视野中,提出建设性的解决对策,这才达到进行教育研究的真正目的。     

The teacher education curriculum and the world of work: A study of teachers of disadvantaged children in Nigeria

A key element in the current attempt to actualise the goals of the Dakar Framework of Action for Education for All in Nigeria is the broadening of access to education for disadvantaged groups. These groups include: nomadic pastoralists; migrant fishermen; and out-of-school children and youth. Special educational programs are being provided for them so as, inter alia, to: integrate them into the mainstream of Nigeria's social and political life; disseminate modern occupational and life skills; and promote cultural renewal based on reconstructionist principles.The major concern of this paper is to analyse the teacher education curriculum in Nigeria vis-à-vis the concrete existential realities in which teachers of these disadvantaged groups teach. It critically examines the extent to which the curriculum prepares teachers for the world of minority children, particularly the realities of the schools and the cultural contexts within which teaching takes place. To what extent has the teacher education curriculum adequately prepared teachers for the realities and challenges of teaching disadvantaged children? What do the teachers themselves think of the training they have received? How have their experiences as teachers of disadvantaged groups influenced their sense of marginalisation, professionalism and sense of worth? These questions are posed using quantitative and qualitative strategies so as to determine the level of congruence or incongruence between the existential realities of teachers’ work and the teacher education curriculum. Finally the paper highlights the suggestions made by the teachers sampled for this study about how to reform the teacher education curriculum in order most effectively to address the peculiarities and challenges of the cultural and educational contexts in which they work.     

EMPOWERING ADULT EDUCATION IN NAMIBIA AND SOUTH AFRICA DURING AND AFTER APARTHEID

After more than 40 years of education for Apartheid, the development of empowering adult education with the formerly disadvantaged population groups is one of the major challenges for the democratically elected governments in South Africa and Namibia. One of the strongest forces that sustained Apartheid in Namibia until 1990, and in South Africa until 1994, was an education system with different schools and resources for the different population groups. Despite the strict implementation of the Bantu Education System by the white government, some groups of people could still organise alternative education projects aiming at participants' gaining more control over their own lifes. Groups of women in the Western Cape initiated autonomous pre-school projects and took part in in-service training for pre-school teachers in the 1980s. A similar process took place with adult literacy learners in the National Literacy Programme in Namibia.