谈探究式实验导入的情境设置

在小学数学教学中,如何让学生进行有效的学习?现在流行着这样一句话:听见了,忘记了;看见了,记住了;体验了,理解了。可见让学生感受数学、经历数学、体验数学是学生有效学习的重要途径。而实验探究教学法就是让学生通过设计实验过程,进行实验观察,综合分析实验结果来体验数学。“实验—探究”教学具体流程如下:教师创设问题情境—引导学生讨论预测—学生拟订探究方案—教师指导,确定实验方案—实验探究—汇报交流—评价小结。在这个流程的各个环节中,教师创设有利于学生探究的导入情境显得犹为重要。我们认为能引导学生的学习进入用实验解决…     

优化作文教学过程的探索

教师指导—学生作文—教师批改—教师讲评的传统作文教学模式的弊端,已被广大小学语文教师所认识。但设计什么样的教学结构取而代之,教师苦于无路。根据这种情况,我们就优化小学生完成一篇习作的过程问题,进行了改革实验。实验中,在理论上进行了认真探讨,在实践中进行了反复摸索。认定完成一篇作文的过程,应由摄取信息—思维定势—信息交流—信息加工—表述成文—全面反馈—评后再改七个相互联系着的环节组成。     

注重渗透化学学科核心素养的教学设计及课堂实录——以“原电池”教学为例

从发展学生化学学科核心素养的角度出发，对人教版选修四“原电池”进行教学设计。教师从“初识原电池—再识原电池—原电池变形记”三条教学线出发，以学生“复习旧知—分组实验—微观符号表征—实验创新—联系生活—设计实验—模型建构”为活动线，渗透并培养学生宏观辨识与微观探析、科学探究与创新意识等核心素养，帮助学生建立变化观念与平衡思想。学生在分组实验，合作探究过程中不断发现问题、质疑旧知识，用一次次的实验论证了猜想，获取了新知识，完善了知识体系，建构了原电池知识模型。     

重温科学发展的艰辛 体验科学探究的乐趣——“生物膜的流动镶嵌模型”的教学设计案例

<正>每次学习"生物膜的流动镶嵌模型"光合作用的探究历程"等生物学史内容的时候,教师的处理往往过于简单。要么让学生自己阅读教材上的实验材料,然后背诵相应的实验结论,学生只得到了"鱼",而没有得到"渔";要么教师阅读一篇实验材料,让学生阅读相应的实验结论,一堂课就是"教师问—学生答"的重复过程;要么教师印发事先设计好的学案,让学     

基于实验内化学生科学探究素养的方法

基于实验内化学生的科学探究素养,是指教师以实验教学为载体,引导学生熟悉科学探究的一般思路与方法,完成从"提出问题—作出假设—设计实验—实验验证—得出结论"的整个实验教学过程,使学生的科学探究思维得以不断锤练与提升的教学方法.笔者以实验情景的创设、对照实验的增补、稚化思维教育的应用、自主实验的探究4个维度为切入点,旨在研究、获取基于实验培养学生科学探究素养的思路与方法.     

“动量定理”探究式教学设计

一、设计思想 本节课以学生为主体,运用“引导—探究”模式进行教学。在课堂上鼓励学生主动参与、主动探究、主动思考、主动实践,在教师合理、有效的引导下进行高效率学习,以充分体现探究的过程和实现对学生探究能力培养的过程。为此本人在下面的三方面进行了尝试。 1.变演示实验为实验设计,培养学生的创新能力。 课堂演示实验一般以教师     

在综合设计性实验中培养学生的实践能力

学生在普通物理综合设计性实验中，按照教师提出的要求及需要达到的技术指标，自己设计实验电路、制作实验仪器，并根据自己设计出的电路进行焊接、调试，通过抗老化、抗干扰等疲劳性实验后，可在几个实验设计方案中，找出最优化的1—2个电路。通过这个过程，学生的基本知识、实验技能、实验方法得到了系统的训练，而且还大大地提高了学生对实验的兴趣。     

数学实验：让学生在亲历探究过程中学会学习

数学实验是教师引导学生在特定的任务（问题）情境中,借助一定的工具,以“做”为支架,在数学思维参与下,理解数学知识、验证数学猜想和发现数学结论的一种学习方式。教师要引导学生经历完整的数学学习过程,积累“定位实验—驱动实验—引领实验—策划实验—优化实验—反思实验”的经验,从而形成实验探究的能力。     

如何在科学探究活动中激活学生的思维

最近听了几节观摩课,发现教师在指导学生进行探究活动时,注重了学法的细致指导,使学生比较顺利地完成探究活动。从表面上看去学生经历了猜测—设计实验-动手操作-形成结论这样一个完整的探究过程。     

高中生物理实验能力评价体系的建构

本文以三维课程目标为依据,从高中物理实验教学出发,针对高中课堂上主要使用的实验教学方式—以教师设计为主的学生分组实验和探究性实验,建构学生自我评价体系和教师评价体系。     

Stimulating independent learning: a quasi‐experimental study on portfolio

A portfolio model was developed which can serve as an alternative to the literature study with practical processing, the predominant dissertation model used in teacher education courses in Flanders. Using a pre‐ and post‐test quasi‐experimental design with 174 teacher students and 44 supervisors, we examined whether the use of portfolio as a dissertation model has a greater effect on the students’ capacity for independent learning than the literature study with practical processing, using three questionnaires. The research shows that portfolio results in students acquiring greater metacognitive knowledge. It also appears that students only get the chance to use their metacognitive skills when supervisors give them sufficient autonomy. However, supervisors experience loss of control and therefore tend to restrict students’ autonomy. This leads us to the paradox of independent learning: students will only learn independently when they are given the opportunity to learn independently. Supervisors need to transfer learner control.     

Designs for learning about climate change as a complex system

This paper reports on a study in which students used agent-based computer models to learn about complex systems ideas of relevance to understanding climate change. The experimental condition used a Productive Failure (PF) learning design in which ninth grade students initially worked with agent-based computer models to solve challenge problems followed by teacher instruction about targeted climate and complexity ideas. In contrast, the comparison condition employed a Direct Instruction (DI) learning design in which the teacher instruction was provided initially, followed by the students working on the same computer models and challenge problems as the experimental group. The students in the PF group scored significantly higher on the post-test on measures of climate and complex systems explanatory knowledge and near and far knowledge transfer. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are considered.     

The Implications of Teacher Selection and the Teacher Effect in Individually Randomized Group Treatment Trials

Abstract

In some experimental evaluations of classroom-level interventions it is not practically feasible to randomly assign teachers to experimental conditions. Given such restrictions, researchers may randomly assign students to experimental conditions and consider the teacher to be a part of the intervention. However, in an individually randomized evaluation of a classroom-level intervention, unless teachers are randomized to experimental conditions, it will not be clear whether differences in outcomes between program and control group students are a result of the core components of the intervention or the teachers (i.e., teacher effects). This article clarifies the correct interpretation of “program impacts” when this study design is used. In addition, using the magnitude of estimated teacher effects from past research, this article demonstrates that, if teachers are not randomly assigned to experimental conditions, it is difficult to establish whether the program works or whether the types of teachers selected to teach in program classrooms are simply more or less effective than their control group counterparts. The significant implications of the correct causal interpretation are discussed, and the limitations of this research design are explored.     

An Experimental Comparison of a Conventional and a Project Centered Method of Teaching a College General Botany Course

Research on teacher behaviors that actively promote student intrinsic motivation to learn has been relatively scarce. In this article, 2 studies exploring the effects of teacher enthusiasm on both students' intrinsic motivation to learn and their pychological vitality are presented (Ryan & Frederick, 1997). In Study 1, a questionnaire including measures of intrinsic motivation, vitality, teacher enthusiasm, and numerous other positive teacher behaviors was administered to 93 college students. Among the teacher variables, enthusiasm was the most powerful unique predictor of students' intrinsic motivation and vitality. In Study 2, level of teacher enthusiasm (high vs. low) was manipulated in an experimental design with 60 college students. The students who received an enthusiastically delivered lecture subsequently reported greater intrinsic motivation regarding the lecture material and experienced higher levels of vitality. The authors speculate about possible mechanisms for and limitations to the positive motivational effects of teacher enthusiasm.     

Effect of an environmental science curriculum on students' leisure time activities

Cooley and Reed's active interest measurement approach was combined with Guttman's Facet Design to construct a systematic instrument for the assessment of the impact of an environmental science course on students' behavior outside school. A quasimatched design of teacher allocation to the experimental and control groups according to their preferred teaching style was used. A kind of dummy control curriculum was devised to enable valid comparative evaluation of a new course which differs from the traditional one in both content and goal. This made it possible to control most of the differing factors inherent in the old and new curriculum. The research instrument was given to 1000 students who were taught by 28 teachers. Students who learned according to the experimental curriculum increased their leisure time activities related to the environmental science curriculum significantly. There were no significant differences between boys and girls and between students with different achievement levels.     

学生认知方式与物理教学模式适配性实验研究

本研究选取某省示范高中92名学生为被试,采用问题讨论、自学指导、边讲边议、实践探究常见的四种课堂教学模式,对不同认知方式学生进行物理课堂教学,其结果表明：教学内容难度高且结构松散,实验探究、问题解决模式更适用于场独立性认知方式的学生。教学内容难度小且内容翔实,自学指导模式更适用于场依存性学生。     

计算机基础课程的任务驱动的教学设计与实践

"任务驱动"教学模式设计是基于多维、互动式的"(教师)主导—(学生)主体相结合"的教学设计理念,该文对该教学模式的设计原理、步骤和实践效果做了详细地阐述并提供了计算机基础课程教改的实际案例。     

The challenge of promoting self-regulated learning among primary school children with a low socioeconomic and immigrant background

The authors explore the effects of student tutoring as an approach to provide support on self-regulated learning (SRL) to fifth- and sixth-grade students with a low socioeconomic or immigrant background. In total, 401 Flemish (Belgium) students participated. A quasi-experimental study with pretest, posttest, and retention test control group design was used, combining teacher ratings, self-report questionnaires, and think-aloud protocols. The teacher rating results show a significantly positive effect from pretest to posttest for the experimental condition, but this was not maintained at the retention test. The questionnaire and think-aloud results reveal no significant effects on students’ SRL. However, differential effects depending on students’ motivational profile were found. This study illustrates the complexity of promoting SRL among primary school children with a low socioeconomic or immigrant background, recommending further research into conditions and factors influencing the effectiveness of student tutoring programs promoting SRL.     

基于JSP技术的交互式实验教学平台的设计和实现

网络教学作为现代信息技术与教学实践科学结合的一种新的教学形态,充分体现了以学生为主体、教师为主导的交互式教学思想．本实验教学平台采用JSP＋JavaBean＋JDBC开发,本文对该平台的总体设计思想、体系结构及功能进行了详细的分析,并介绍了设计中所采用的关键技术．