研究生教育外部质量保障体系建设思考

介绍我国研究生教育外部质量保障体系的内涵、手段与特点;分析近十年欧洲研究生教育外部质量保障体系的建设目标、实施情况及全面质量保障理论在国外发达国家教育质量保障实践中的应用。文章认为：我国高等教育外部质量保障活动应促进高等教育与国际接轨;评价理论、工具、形式要和具体情境结合;高等质量保障活动应更具体、更有针对性;评价活动的科学性有待进一步分析与验证。     

我国高校内部本科教学质量保障体系研究

我国高校内部本科教学质量保障体系经历外部质量保障体系占据主导地位、内部质量保障体系突出物质条件建设、内部质量保障体系注重自身系统完善等三个阶段。基于41所一流大学《本科教学质量报告》,发现一流大学对质量保障的论述各具特色,但总的来说具有以下特点:形成了以学生为中心的质量保障理念、建立了保障本科教学质量的制度体系、开展了形式多样的教学质量保障活动。未来,我国高校应在建构多元质量标准、实施全面质量管理、建立教学支持机构、生成内部质量保障文化等方面积极探索。     

On the role of impact evaluation of quality assurance from the strategic perspective of quality assurance agencies in the European higher education area

In this paper the current national legislations, the quality assurance approaches and the activities of impact analysis of three quality assurance agencies from Romania, Spain and Germany are described from a strategic perspective. The analysis shows that the general methodologies (comprising, for example, self-evaluation reports, peer reviews, on-site visits, assessment reports, follow-up measures) and main subjects of quality assurance in higher education (such as study programmes and institutional structures and processes) are very similar in the sample cases. However, up to now, impact evaluation of quality assurance has not been implemented systematically in the sample agencies (as in many others). This is the more relevant since the European standards of quality assurance in higher education oblige quality assurance agencies to analyse their general findings and observe the effects of their activities. Against that background, it is argued that methodologically sound impact analyses of quality assurance interventions in higher education institutions should be seen as an integral part of the agencies’ own quality assurance because it would make their work more transparent and easier to improve systematically. The paper identifies some professionalisation needs required for impact evaluation competences: staff and peers who are qualified by methodological knowledge but also by ‘soft’ skills such as project and conflict management.     

Implementation of quality assurance standards in European higher education: does context matter?

The vast majority of studies concerning the implementation of quality assurance in higher education institutions have been conducted from a national perspective, with few cross-national studies. This study aimed to explore the implementation of quality assurance standards in Europe from a comparative perspective. A questionnaire based on Standards and Guidelines for Quality Assurance in the European Higher Education Area was developed to compare countries. The results indicate that higher education institutions mainly formulate their quality assurance systems according to national standards or based on their own needs. The main emphasis in quality assurance is on teaching and learning activities and curriculum development. The major contribution of the study lies in showing how different country settings affect the implementation of quality assurance standards through presenting the strengths and weaknesses for quality assurance implementation among several European countries.     

Auditor Independence: Beyond the Dilemma of Combining Auditing and Advisory Activities for the Development of Quality Assurance Systems in Agriculture

Abstract

This article aims to study the design and the organization of auditing systems to develop environmental or quality assurance schemes at the farm level and the role that extension services could play in these processes. It starts by discussing the issue of combining auditing and advisory activities and developing auditing competences. Empirical data is based on a case study conducted in northern France with Chambers of Agriculture including: a) the study of the organizational design set up for the auditing system in order to guarantee its credibility and reliability; b) the analysis of audit training sessions delivered to agricultural advisers. Our results provide a formalization of what can be an audit work and the independence of the auditor. It is argued that the interpretation of independence and the management of the human resources and their competencies determine how extension services get involved in quality assurance systems at the farm level.     

高职院校内部质量保证治理体系研究

基于治理理论、利益相关者理论,高职院校可构建党委与校长、党政管理部门、二级院系教学单位、教师、学生等利益相关主体构成的内部质量保证治理体系的基本框架,以及由决策指导、沟通协商、自主自治、质量监管、质量评价等构成的主要治理机制,据此提出对策建议:健全质量保证治理责任体系,增强质量保证治理一致化水平;健全质量保证治理关系体系,增强质量保证治理协同化水平;健全质量保证治理制度体系,增强质量保证治理程序化水平;健全质量治理文化体系,增强质量保证治理过程化水平;健全质量保证治理平台体系,增强质量保证治理信息化水平。     

高等职业教育课程开发过程模型研究

高等职业教育课程开发具有自身的复杂性。文章首先从系统工程的角度出发,研究课程开发的关键活动及活动之间的关系,提出课程开发过程模型。随后,通过融入全面质量管理思想,构建基于过程模型的课程开发质量保证体系。在课程开发中,通过过程管理和质量控制,降低课程开发的复杂性并且提高课程开发的质量和效益。     

Education quality assurance in the Warsaw University of Technology - prerequisites and activities already undertaken

The last few years have seen intensive time invested in the discussions concerning quality assessment and quality improvement within the Polish university sector. There is limited experience of formalized quality assessment in the higher education sector in Poland, and several pilot projects have been running that represent a first step in establishing a general methodology, rules, procedures and, finally, system. In recent years the Warsaw University of Technology has been involved in some projects, mainly under the Tempus Programme. An essential element of quality assurance and quality assessment is that of benchmarking against international best practice; then our EU partners were visited. Data on existing quality management procedures and tools were collected and compiled, creating the background for future discussions and decisions. This year we started a new project(together with the Technical University of Lodz), devoted to quality issues - and precisely to the introduction of an internal quality education system in our universities. This paper outlines the previous results, but mainly the activities that will be carried out in the next two years to achieve the project's objective - establishment of a university quality assurance unit and introduction of a quality assurance system.     

中小学教师资格考试面试质量保障体系：阐释与构建

中小学教师资格考试面试是考查教师资格申请者基本素养和教育教学实践能力的重要环节。为保证教师资格考试面试质量,必须有相应的质量管理体系作保障。对教师资格考试面试质量内部保障体系的内涵进行全面分析和阐释,从学理层面建构体系框架。在此基础上,提出教师资格考试面试质量保障体系的实现路径和运行机制。     

论高校教学质量保障组织体系建设

教育教学质量是高等学校的生命线,科学有效、良好运行的教学质量保障体系是培养合格人才的保证,建立和完善高校内部教育教学质量保障组织体系,是实现教学质量保障的基础和先导。借鉴国外先进质量管理经验,结合学校实际,构建教育教学质量保障组织体系,能有效促进学校质量文化氛围建设,促进教学质量、教学水平的提高和可持续发展．     

Quality Assurance in Vocational Education: meeting the needs of the nineties

ABSTRACT

The skills base of the workforce in Australia is critical in setting the foundations for micro‐ and macro‐economic resurgence and, consequently, in making the nation internationally competitive. The significance of the quality movement is therefore gaining recognition in vocational education. As with industry, quality is seen as critical and quality assurance is being demanded in skilling the workforce. This paper describes vocational training as a process and depicts how quality can be assured in every aspect of the process. It presents a practical approach to quality assurance in vocational education. In addition, it emphasises the need for a continuous management commitment for the successful implementation of quality assurance in vocational education. The paper describes how the concept of quality assurance can be used to improve the standards of vocational training. It also emphasises that now is the time for meeting the needs of stakeholders and for fostering innovation and improvements in vocational education through quality assurance.     

研究生教育质量保障的“三本”视角

探讨研究生教育质量问题有多种角度,本文选取“人本、校本和成本”三个观察点展开相关分析。“人本”是质量的主体,理应贯穿于研究生教育活动的全过程;“校本”是品质保障的源泉,在多样化的发展趋势下,立足本土、培育特色、弘扬个性才能够有效提升质量;“成本”是质量保障的条件,通过优化管理流程,不断提高教育资源利用效率,可以为教育质量的提高奠定基础。     

东南亚国家开放远程学习质量保障实践

东南亚国家开放远程院校主要包括11所巨型大学,其学习质量保障主要围绕质量保障组织结构、质量保障政策与条例、质量保障活动目的、质量保障方法、质量保障主要机构和质量保障标准等方面展开。不同国家和地区开放远程大学质量保障的实施案例呈现出不同的特点,对研究国际远程教育质量保障具有重要的启发。     

我国远程高等教育质量保证活动执行主体研究

高效、专业的组织机构是远程高等教育质量保证活动的执行主体。美英等国在其高等教育质量保证制度下,建立完善的内外部质量保证机构和专业人员队伍,成为保证本国远程高等教育质量的重要因素。我国当前宏观质量保证政策体系和组织机构框架已经形成,但是院校内部的质量保证活动分割到管理职能部门中,专门化的质量保证机构缺失。对比国内外机构建设情况,我国远程高等教育质量保证活动应当纳入多元利益主体,围绕核心质量因素设置内外质量保证机构,明确其职责和工作规范,加大质量保证所需的人员队伍建设,以提升我国远程高等教育质量保证工作执行的绩效。     

Key Teaching Roles of a University Lecturer and their Integration into the Quality Systems of a New Zealand University

This paper describes the results of a training needs analysis of the position of university lecturer at Victoria University of Wellington. The analysis identified 10 key roles which together encompass the range of teaching activities expected of lecturers. The analysis also identified an associated academic staff development programme to guide the work of the University Teaching Development Centre. Because of the growing acceptance of the results of the analysis, the University has also integrated the findings into its quality management procedures. The paper describes the use of the information in promotion and appraisal procedures, and the links between the key roles and other quality assurance mechanisms. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of the gaps in the University's quality assurance systems as they relate to the key roles     

Phases,levels and circles in policy development: the cases of higher education and environmental quality assurance

This article examines parallel developments in the fields of quality assurance in higher education and in environmental policy. Starting from empirically grounded analytical frameworks for the two fields separately, Fischer's framework of policy argumentation is overlaid on both to gain deeper understanding of underlying similarities and contrasts. We argue that quality management in the field of higher education faces choices already addressed in environmental quality assurance. In the light of these practical and theoretical lessons, the relative success with higher education quality assurance may be less of a reason for optimism.     

论高等教育质量保障中的治理问题

本文探讨质量保障如何改变大学与政府关系的问题;讨论治理的两个重要方面：什么是政府的适当职责,什么是大学参与质量保障决策的恰当形式;试图确认若干保障质量的共享治理的原则,并提出如何应用这些原则于质量保障决策的建议。     

浅谈ISO9000族标准引入中小学教学质量管理

ISO9000是国际标准化组织"质量保证"技术委员会制定的一套质量管理和质量保证国际标准。它主要对孕育各个行业的产品的过程制定了质量管理和质量保证标准。本文从介绍ISO9000族标准入手,分析了ISO9000族标准引入中小学教学质量管理的意义,并提出ISO9000族标准引入中小学教学质量管理应注意的几个问题。     

关于建设我国高等教育质量保证体系的若干思考

加强科学管理,建设科学完善的高等教育质量保证体系,是高等学校提高教学质量的重要措施之一。高等教育质量保证离不开教学评估。创新高等教育质量保证体系,应在对以往本科教学评估进行科学、系统评估(元评估)的基础上进行。高等教育质量保证体系由内部质量保证体系和外部质量保证体系构成,其中内部质量保证体系是基础,外部质量保证体系是动力。面对新的形势和环境的变化,我们应努力探索新的高等教育质量评估范式。