Knowledge mobilisation in communities through socio-technical systems

Enterprises in both the public and private sector undertake knowledge management (KM) initiatives through which they hope to engender a new, more adaptive and flexible culture of learning and innovation in their organisations. Creative activities involving social learning and innovation are, however, more common in less formal entities such as communities of practice at work and community service organisations in civil society. This paper presents the results and implications of collaborative research into the understanding, development and evaluation of socio-technical systems (STS) designed to mobilise collective knowledge in diverse community settings. The research concerns information and communication technologies (ICT)-mediated activities of communities in the broader civil society and also those in formal organisations. The paper describes and critically evaluates a set of three STS that have the potential to support the collective knowledge of innovative groups, teams and networks, which can all be considered forms of community. The findings could be of strategic value to business, government and community service organisations initiating KM programmes aimed at using collective learning to support innovation.     

港澳台知识管理教育发展研究

知识管理的价值日益凸显,知识管理教育正在兴起。港澳台地区知识管理教育发展成熟,呈现出层次齐全、类型多样、课程体系合理、教育方式多元化的特点,研究该地区知识管理教育具有重要意义。推进知识管理教育的发展需要借助相关学科的力量,还需要制定科学的学科建设计划、采取由点到面的方式、丰富办学方式和推进知识管理培训。     

Knowledge management in SMEs: the case of Icelandic firms

This paper presents findings from a survey on knowledge management (KM) in small- and medium-sized firms (SMEs) in Iceland. It analyses the extent, strategy and effects of KM. The results indicate that more managers in SMEs need to consider the strengths and weaknesses of KM, and implement a formal KM strategy. Only 24% of Icelandic firms have a KM programme in place, and most of them have invested in simple information and communication technology technologies. The most common way of sharing tacit knowledge in Icelandic firms is encouraging face-to-face communication. The survey indicates that the benefits of KM programmes are quite positive even in SMEs. Accordingly, the research findings indicate that KM could improve organisational and managerial as well as financial aspects of SMEs. This research was carried out in only one country, and is based on a questionnaire. Its results should therefore be interpreted with care.     

Making memories available: a framework for preserving rural heritage through community knowledge management (cKM)

While most of the research in Knowledge Management (KM) has focused on business communities, there is a breadth of potential applications of KM theory and practice to wider society. This paper explores the potential of KM for rural communities, specifically for those that want to preserve their social history and collective memories (what we call heritage) to enrich the lives of others. In KM terms, this is a task of accumulating and recording knowledge (using KM techniques such as story-telling and communities of practice) to enable its retention for future use (by interested people perhaps through KM systems). We report a case study of Cardrona, a valley of approximately 120 people in New Zealand's South Island. Realising that time would erode knowledge of their community a small, motivated group of residents initiated a KM programme to create a legacy for a wider community including younger generations, tourists and scholars. This paper applies KM principles to rural communities that want to harness their collective knowledge for wider societal gain, and develops a community-based framework to inform such initiatives. As a result, we call for a wider conceptualisation of KM to include motives for managing knowledge beyond business performance to accommodate community (cKM).     

美国图书情报学院远程教育发展概况

美国图书情报学院远程教育的研究对我国图书情报学院发展远程教育具有借鉴作用，所以本文详尽分析了美国图书情报学院现代远程高等教育的发展现状，现代远程教育的发展战略、定位、办学模式、发展趋势。     

A coherent framework for building successful KCs in the context of the knowledge-based economy

Nowadays, it is commonly accepted in both researchers' and practitioners' communities that many disciplines and practices of the knowledge management (KM) field are also relevant and applicable to the knowledge-based development. This is reflected by the fact that the theme of knowledge cities (KCs) is now a ‘hot’ topic of interest and discussion. However, as it also happened with the early stages of evolution of KM, there is neither a coherent framework nor a unified methodology for the design and implementation of successful KCs. The real success of KCs is under investigation in the research community. In this direction, the authors propose a set of hypotheses for the design, development and operation of successful KCs. Then, based on an empirical evaluation of several case studies that have been successfully put in real practice they discuss the support of each case to these hypotheses. The key findings are expressed as a framework for building successful KCs.     

新课改环境中的小学语文阅读教学优化技巧

为了培养出能够引领社会发展的前沿性人才,我国在教育领域实施了深入的改革,希望通过教育改革为科技腾飞奠定扎实的人才基础。小学阶段养成的习惯会伴随着人的一生,小学阶段形成良好的人文素养,能为小学生品格的塑造和未来的发展奠定良好的基础。因此,对小学语文进行教育改革是时代的选择。阅读是小学语文教育的重中之重,为了确保达到教学目标,语文教师必须突破原有的教育瓶颈。     

基于社会网络分析的图情领域期刊排名研究

[目的/意义]在新技术环境下,图书情报学领域期刊影响力评价与排名的需求正在发生变化。为了完善学科排名体系,文章基于社会网络分析法提出一种新的排名思路--从知识传播角度考虑期刊排名。[方法/过程]文章以近十年的中文社会科学引文索引(CSSCI)数据库中图书馆、情报与文献学(简称LIS)专业的来源期刊为研究对象,应用社会网络分析的研究方法,运用UCINET软件,对这些期刊的知识传播模式进行分析,在知识传播网络中按不同特性对期刊进行排名,并且探究了LIS期刊在知识传播网络中子群的构成。[结果/结论]LIS各个期刊知识传播的出度与入度差距较大,少数的期刊传播领域内大量知识。按照LIS期刊在知识网络中的不同特性排名与按照影响因子排名有差异,在知识传播网络中也可提取出具有相似的出度入度的LIS期刊的子群,以便对LIS期刊影响力进行更好的研究。     

中国传统文化对知识管理的影响和二者融合的实现途径研究

被称为第五代管理的知识管(Knowledge Management)成为知识经济时代的一次巨大的管理浪潮。知识管理在中国企业的实施，无疑要受中国传统文化的影响。本文就中国传统文化对知识管理积极和消极的影响进行了研究，并就实现我国传统文化和现代知识管理思想的融合途径进行了探索。     

企业生态位对跨组织技术协同创新的影响研究

随着技术创新逐步走向系统化和生态化,企业需跳出单向的竞争或合作思维,重视与外部组织开展协同创新。基于创新生态系统的背景,探讨了企业在创新生态系统中的不同位置（企业生态位）如何影响其与外部组织的合作,进而作用于技术协同创新绩效。研究结果表明：（1）企业生态位宽度和态势对技术协同创新绩效有显著的正向影响,重叠度对技术协同绩效产生显著的负向影响;（2）技术协同创新模式（技术交易、技术联盟）在企业生态位与技术协同创新绩效之间的关系中都起到中介作用;（3）正式与非正式沟通匹配对各个维度企业生态位与技术协同创新绩效之间的关系具有不同程度的调节效应。     

Integrated use of technologies and techniques for construction knowledge management

The last two decades have witnessed a significant increase in discussions about the different dimensions of knowledge and knowledge management (KM). This is especially true in the construction context. Many factors have contributed to this growing interest including globalisation, increased competition, diffusion of new ICTs (information and communication technologies) and new procurement routes, among others. There are a range of techniques and technologies that can be used for KM in construction organisations. The use of techniques for KM is not new, but many technologies for KM are fairly new and still evolving. This paper begins with a review of different KM techniques and technologies and then reports the findings of case studies of selected U.K. construction organisations, carried out with the aim of establishing what tools are currently being used in U.K. construction organisations to support knowledge processes. Case study findings indicate that most organisations do not adopt a structured approach for selecting KM technologies and techniques. The use of KM techniques is more evident compared to KM technologies. There is also reluctance among construction companies to invest in highly specialised KM technologies. The high costs of specialist KM technologies are viewed as the barrier to their adoption. In conclusion, the paper advocates integrated use of KM techniques and technologies in construction organisations.     

An investigation into the factors affecting knowledge management adoption and practice in the life insurance business

Knowledge management (KM) is crucial for organizations to enhance competitive advantage. While the issues of KM have been widely discussed by numerous researchers, there is a paucity of studies pertaining to KM adoption and practice for the life insurance industry. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the main factors affecting the life insurance business in adopting and applying KM. An exploratory field study utilizing an inductive methodology involving a multiple-case study approach was undertaken by conducting interviews with 10 key knowledge workers from life insurance enterprises in various stages of KM development and use. We utilized content analysis techniques to identify the factors with their associated variables and further developed a research model. This study offers a comprehensive model for future KM research and provides managerial implications for organizations, particularly life insurance enterprises, to better realize the worth of KM and the possible impediments involved in the processes of adopting and implementing KM.     

从历史文化视角看中韩教育热现象

随着社会的发展和社会竞争的加剧,在现代中韩两国社会,人们对教育表现出了前所未有的高涨热情。其行为表现方式形成了“择校热”“补习热”“留学热”等多种教育热现象。中韩两国有着几千年重教的传统历史文化,在诸多因素中,源远流长的传统历史文化是当今社会教育热现象产生的根源。本文从传统的家族主义、重教的教育观、科举文化以及古代私学的兴起等四个角度,通过文献分析和史料收集对当今中韩社会的教育热现象进行了探索分析,旨在能够增强对不同社会体制的中韩两国出现的教育热现象的理性认识。     

Knowledge management in SME networks

The objective of this paper is to investigate the role of knowledge management (KM) in networks participated by small firms. To achieve this objective, the literature on KM in small firms has been reviewed. A research question has been defined and addressed through a questionnaire survey conducted in a small firms network. The findings indicate that the surveyed companies perceive the strategic value of KM and adopt several systems even if its adoption is constrained by a number of barriers. The results suggest that firms investigated need to adopt advanced KM systems to manage knowledge more effectively at network level. The evidences also indicate that the surveyed firms are willing to adopt a platform supporting the sharing and exchange of knowledge in the network with a positive impact on innovation processes and the exploitation of market opportunities. The paper outlines some managerial implications as well as avenues for further research.     

Is knowledge management losing ground? Developments among Icelandic SMEs

This paper presents findings from a survey on knowledge management (KM) in small and medium-sized firms (SMEs) in Iceland conducted in 2007 and was a follow-up of a similar survey from 2004. The paper analyses whether the extent, strategy and effects of KM in SMEs in Iceland has changed in the period. The main conclusion is that KM is not losing ground among SMEs in Iceland. Identical numbers of firms used KM in 2004 and 2007, and slightly more firms were examining the need in 2007 than 3 years earlier. It is, however, of great concern that many more firms have no KM strategy in 2007 than 2004. More managers in SMEs need to consider the strengths and weakness of KM, and to implement a formal KM strategy. Only 24% of Icelandic firms have a KM programme in place, and most of them have invested in simple information and communication technologies. The most common way of sharing tacit knowledge in Icelandic firms is encouraging face-to-face communication. The surveys indicate that benefits of KM programmes are quite positive even in SMEs. Accordingly, the research findings indicate that KM could improve organisational and managerial as well as financial aspects of SMEs. This research was carried out in only one country, and is based on a questionnaire. Its results should therefore be interpreted with care.     

Strategic issues in knowledge management in small and medium enterprises

A well-developed and aligned knowledge management (KM) strategy and active top management participation are two of the key strategic issues in KM. The studies on KM strategy and the role of top management have mainly focused on big firms. The basic requirements and resources of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are different from big firms. Consequently, KM practices are different in SMEs as compared to big firms, and a thorough study of various aspects of KM for SMEs is needed. This research work is an attempt to study strategic issues in KM in SMEs in India, with particular reference to the automotive component sector. Customer-focused knowledge is the most common KM strategy among Indian automotive component manufacturers. Top management is more active and supportive in KM initiatives in international auto component manufacturers. Indian SMEs need to focus more on the strategic issues in KM for reaping the benefits of KM for sustainable competitiveness.     

Factors influencing research collaborations in Kenyan universities

This paper presents the results of an exploration of factors influencing the organisation and conduct of academic research collaborations in Kenya. A mixed methods research design, involving 248 academics in four disciplines across four major public Kenyan universities, was employed. The study reveals a relatively high level of collaborative research which varies by disciplinary areas. Resource dependence emerged as having a strong influence on decisions to collaborate for this community. This was mainly attributed to low levels of investment in funding research, at both the institutional and national level. At the institutional level, inadequate policies, high levels of bureaucracy, competition among local institutions, weak links with industry, and a major focus on teaching as opposed to research, were reported as barriers to collaborative research. These contextual issues informed the resulting discussion of factors that affect collaborative research in Kenya.     

辽宁省高职院校教师教育技术能力现状及提升途径

教育技术能力是教育信息化环境下高职院校教师必备的能力之一,为了解辽宁省高职院校教师教育技术能力现状,对辽宁省内20所高职院校的部分教师进行了调研,结果表明,教师对于信息技术知识技能、教育技术理论知识、教学设计能力、教学软件设计与制作能力、教学研究能力的水平有待提高。提出通过培训、构建教研共同体、信息化教学设计比赛以及建立教育技术能力评价体系和激励机制等途径全面提升高职院校教师的教育技术能力。     

图书情报学研究生课程设置的调研与实践(Ⅱ)

以美国7所大学图书信息管理学院和中国10所大学图情院系的课程设置为调研对象,通过对调研结果的比较分析,借鉴国内外经验,结合本单位教学资源,确定了课程调整基本原则,形成了较为优化的课程设置框架。同时,对培养目标和研究方向进行了简要阐述。     

加强中职生的心理辅导提升耐挫能力

随着社会经济的快速发展,社会竞争越来越激烈,导致中职生出现很多心理问题,这给中职学校的教育和管理工作带来一定的难度。中职学校的学生大部分是中考成绩较差的学生,他们的大多数是基础教育中的弱势群体。中职生的心理素质普遍比较脆弱,心理问题多发。因此,中职学校迫切需要加强学生的心理辅导,提升耐挫能力。