对“图书馆员去职业化”及其研究的反思

在中国,图书馆员没有职业化,何来"去职业化"及研究?中国图书馆还没有进入"职业化"——法律的界定,"图书馆员去职业化"及研究是"非理性"的。然而,中国图书馆和图书馆员事实上的职业化是存在的,图书馆员职业是图书馆员赖以生存的物质来源、是图书馆员善心悦目的精神基石、是图书馆员朝夕相伴的职业港湾。业务外包是图书馆员去职业化的风险投资与不当支出,图书馆员"职业边缘化"及研究具有客观性,"图书馆员去职业化"及研究却是虚妄的。面对着中国图书馆职业"边缘化"的趋势和风险,应该推进图书馆员职业化,而图书馆员"去职业化"研究应该滞后。     

一种新范式：文件连续体理论的发展及应用

针对目前学界存在的对文件连续体理论的一些误读,本文系统梳理和阐释了文件连续体理论的核心概念、产生背景、主要内容及其应用,指出文件连续体理论是在澳大利亚基于证据和连续体的文件管理思想、文件系列体系思想的基础上,借鉴后保管主义及结构化理论建构的后现代主义文件保管的新范式。它强调文件并非是中立物,文件的运动具有时空延伸性。该理论的终极诉求是建立一个自下而上的、可靠的文件保存体系,以完整保存集体记忆,促进社会民主发展。要实现这一诉求,文件的保存就需多方主体的参与和合作。文件连续体理论为文件管理提供了重要的理论框架,对建构完整的社会记忆具有重要的指导价值,同时也为对传统档案学的核心概念及理论进行批判性反思提供新的视角和工具。     

大众图书馆哲学初探

建立图书馆哲学,是周文骏教授在1996年6月出版的《图书馆学研究论文集》“编后”中提出来的,确实应该摆到我们广大图书馆员和图书馆学研究者的日程上来了[1]。近些年,专以“图书馆哲学”为题的,有蒋永福[2,3,4,5]和庄义逊、吕斌、周庆山、郑全太的文章[6,7,8,9...     

The Middle East Books Market: a Personal Overview

A concise review is presented of the essential elements of the book publishing and bookselling business in a complex and diverse market. Demographics create the diversity while Arabic is the one language spoken across a multitude of different countries. Three features are common to all of these countries and they are: the dominance of English as the second language, education has and will remain to be a priority, and economic pressures cause price sensitivity to be a major challenge especially in the educational market segments. It is the price sensitivity as a key factor for the lack of respect for intellectual property and copyright regulations. A review of distribution and retail stores is a very important topic in relation to this complex collection of countries. The emergence of e-books is discussed especially in the educational, professional and reference market segments. Finally, there is a review of the Arabic language publishers and local book fairs to bring this article to closure.     

The Value of Communication Science

In communication science, the distinction between applied and basic research is often accompanied by a discussion of the relative value of each. However, the idea that there is a value distinction to be made between applied and basic research is fundamentally inconsistent with scientific epistemology. Rather than different modes of inquiry with different relative value, communication science is a whole, constituted by applied and basic researchers who focus on different goals of science: to explain, to predict, and to control. An example is provided of a highly successful communication intervention created via the cooperation between applied and basic scholars.     

引文分析与互文性分析——图书情报学研究应该关注互文性分析

引文分析是图书情报学的重要贡献.引文分析的局限性表现在三个方面:对伪引的难以控制、对漏引的难以确认和对引用动机的难以辩识.引文分析局限性的根源在于“唯引是举”.引文分析是以整部文献为单元的分析,而互文性分析是以一个文本内部的话语为单元的分析.引文分析是基于形式的表层分析,而互文性分析是基于内容的批评性分析.互文性分析的目的在于揭示文本话语隐含的文化、心理、政治意义.互文性分析中的互文性类型包括语句互文、字词互文、体裁互文、修辞互文等.图书情报学理论应该关注互文性分析.进行互文性分析,有利于拓宽和深化图书情报学理论,有利于加强图书情报学理论的社会影响力.互文性分析与内容分析之间有区别.     

Measuring engagement on twitter using a composite index: An application to social media influencers

Engagement on social networks is a complex concept, in which many interconnected, difficult-to-assess components interact. It is precisely this complexity which motivated this work, which proposes a composite index as a tool to measure engagement. Using TOPSIS, a multicriteria method that bases its ranking on minimizing the distance to the ideal point and maximizing the distance to the anti-ideal, a mix of indicators based on two approaches is used: the tweet approach and the follower approach. The former reflects engagement based on user production, and the latter measures engagement by popularity. This index was applied to a group of Social Media Influencers and a general ranking was obtained, as well as a ranking by each approach to measuring engagement. A comparison of the rankings generated by the different approaches shows the suitability and pertinence of both, as it is confirmed that they measure different aspects, and that both are needed to offer a holistic view of the engagement generated by a user on Twitter; this is a new finding compared to prior studies, which only focused on one approach or the other.     

A New Method and Metric to Evaluate the Peer Review Process of Scholarly Journals

This paper will propose a new system that produces a metric that is an indicator of the level of peer review conducted prior to the publication of scholarly material. A mathematical algorithm which incorporates weighted values of the roles within the peer review process is created. The h-index, which is a value that “measures the productivity and impact of a scientist or scholar,” is also incorporated. Each round of review is weighted using the square root as later rounds of peer review are often less rigorous than earlier rounds. Once a paper is accepted the calculation is conducted and a “peer review evaluation” metric, or “Peer Review Evaluation Score” (pre-SCORE) is available. It is clear that such a metric would prove beneficial to all engaged parties (authors, publishers, readers, libraries). Authors will know that their work is being evaluated by a trustworthy publication and by experts in their field. Legitimate, ethical publishers will be recognized as such. Readers would have the ability to filter out material which was not properly vetted, and libraries/consortia would have further assurance that their limited funds are spent wisely. Future studies to see if there is a correlation between the pre-SCORE and Impact Factor or highly cited material is possible. The proposed metric would be one more tool available to aid in the discovery of quality published research.     

The Politically Engaged Public Library: Admitting and Embracing the Political Nature of Libraries and Their Goals

The authors of this article contend that politics is an integral part of public library leadership. Most of the work that public librarians do is designed to build citizenship knowledge and improve some aspect of social justice. Politics is a library imperative because a heavy percentage of institutional funding is tied to public funding, which is a major part of total library financial support. Political considerations, therefore, are a major concern in acquiring and retaining funding that will bring libraries and their constituents to a brighter future.     

创新2.0:升级我们的图书馆服务

创新2.0是一种适应知识社会、用户广泛参与的创新形态,是技术进步与应用创新共同演进的社会产物,具有"用户体验是核心"、"用户创新是源泉""用户满意是标准"等理念。创新2.0的典范实践是Living Lab模式、Fab Lab模式和AIP模式,其大众创新、共同创新、开放创新等特点可为图书馆服务提供很好的借鉴,构建面向知识社会的图书馆创新2.0服务模式,提升我们的图书馆服务。     

Selection of data from the mass of information

In carrying out prior art searching, the European Patent Office (EPO) is obliged to take into account all information available in the public domain up to the date of filing of a patent application. In order to do this effectively, it is necessary to have rapid, selective, and comprehensive access to all information relevant to a topic being searched. In recent years, the method of searching in the EPO has been moving from a predominantly paper-based approach to one relying on handling information in electronic format. For such a change to be possible, it is necessary to have electronic access to all relevant information as either primary or secondary data. The means of searching electronic data is the Epoque system. The progress toward development of a uniform approach to the handling of patent and non-patent data in both character-coded and facsimile format is described.     

浅析小学数学教师的幽默感

在数学教学中,教师富有哲理和情趣的幽默,能深深地感染和吸引学生,使自己教得轻松,学生学得愉快。如著名教育家斯雏特洛夫所说：“教育家最主要的,也是第一位的助手是幽默。”调查表明,学生喜欢富于幽默感的老师,而不喜欢表情冷漠呆板、语言寡淡无味的老师。幽默是一种艺术,一种以喻快的方式调整人际关系的艺术;幽默是一种力量,一种可以减轻压力,缓和师生关系,摆脱逆境的力量。数学教师在教学中要具有幽默感,才能更好的叫学生在和谐愉快的环境中,轻松自如的把枯燥的数学概念原理理解并能灵活应用。而数学教师的这种幽默是要不断的在生活中具有细腻的观察能力,还要有一种知识的联想能力,能有一种把数学和生活想结合的能力。     

THE CONSERVATION OF TAPESTRIES FOR MUSEUM DISPLAY

Abstract

A broad outline of the considerations which arise with regard to the conservation of a museum collection of tapestries is given in this paper. The various types of damage to, and deterioration of, tapestries is discussed.

Various methods of washing and dry cleaning, and the equipment necessary for these procedures, are reviewed, and a caution is included as to the necessity of testing all dyes for colour fastness in both water and any solvent used for dry cleaning. The equipment, materials and techniques of repair are discussed; three methods of repair being currently used in museums and specialist workshops — re-weaving, stitching on to a backing and the use of synthetic resins for impregnation and adhesion to a woven support. It is suggested in conclusion that the optimum method of repair in museums is stitching on to a backing. More research must be undertaken into the use of synthetic resins, and re-weaving usually alters the original appearance of the tapestry.

Finally, the need for specialised conservation staff in a museum with a tapestry collection is emphasised.     

图书馆外包质量控制的信号博弈分析

图书馆与书商的合作过程中处于信息不对称的弱势地位,逆向选择长期存在。为解决外包过程中的逆向选择困境,保证图书质量以及MARC数据质量,证明逆向选择情形普遍存在,建立图书馆与n个书商之间的信号博弈模型。算例也证明：实力强的书商可以通过发送强信号从而实现不同实力类型书商之间的分离均衡,图书馆也可以在招标过程中利用规则发送信号,从而有针对性地选取书商。     

安全联合信息发布系统的设计

从建立安全的联合发布系统出发，研究支持自主安全操作系统上快速构建信息站点以及信息站点的移植和生存技术，并在基于多级注册授权体系上，设计一种安全的信息站点同步机制，将分数在网络中的信息站点组合成为统一的联合发布体系。     

办馆体验谈

作者通过实践体验到，要办好省级公共图书馆，就应在6句话上下功夫：加强信息资源建设是基础，搞好优质服务是关键，加速现代化建设是方向，强化管理是保证，培养人才是根本，塑造形象要与时俱进。     

图书馆罚款的法律探讨

图书馆罚款具有合理性,是图书管理的必要手段,但是,根据我国现行法律,图书馆罚款没有法律依据,不具有合法性.在图书馆罚款中,图书馆与读者的关系不是合同关系,而是一种管理关系,因此,不能把罚款改为违约技金.我国法律应当赋予图书馆罚款权.     

Measuring Search Engine Quality

The effectiveness of twenty public search engines is evaluated using TREC-inspired methods and a set of 54 queries taken from real Web search logs. The World Wide Web is taken as the test collection and a combination of crawler and text retrieval system is evaluated. The engines are compared on a range of measures derivable from binary relevance judgments of the first seven live results returned. Statistical testing reveals a significant difference between engines and high intercorrelations between measures. Surprisingly, given the dynamic nature of the Web and the time elapsed, there is also a high correlation between results of this study and a previous study by Gordon and Pathak. For nearly all engines, there is a gradual decline in precision at increasing cutoff after some initial fluctuation. Performance of the engines as a group is found to be inferior to the group of participants in the TREC-8 Large Web task, although the best engines approach the median of those systems. Shortcomings of current Web search evaluation methodology are identified and recommendations are made for future improvements. In particular, the present study and its predecessors deal with queries which are assumed to derive from a need to find a selection of documents relevant to a topic. By contrast, real Web search reflects a range of other information need types which require different judging and different measures.     

信息检索中修饰语作用的研究

在海量信息中检索时,与用户查询相关的信息常常被漏掉,而与查询无关的信息———信息垃圾,却大量地出现在检索结果中。改进文本信息检索系统的质量,提高检索效能,已成为亟待解决的问题。本文针对能够影响检索效力的一个易被忽略的因素———修饰语,研究其在文本信息检索中的作用。为此,构建了修正的向量空间模型(Modified Vector Space Model,MVSM),并以英文文本进行试验,进而说明修饰语的作用。