How much effort is needed to keep up with the literature relevant for primary care?

OBJECTIVES: Medicine must keep current with the research literature, and keeping current requires continuously updating the clinical knowledge base (i.e., references that provide answers to clinical questions). The authors estimated the volume of medical literature potentially relevant to primary care published in a month and the time required for physicians trained in medical epidemiology to evaluate it for updating a clinical knowledge base. METHODS: We included journals listed in five primary care journal review services (ACP Journal Club, DynaMed, Evidence-Based Practice, Journal Watch, and QuickScan Reviews). Finding little overlap, we added the 2001 "Brandon/Hill Selected List of Print Books and Journals for the Small Medical Library." We counted articles (including letters, editorials, and other commentaries) published in March 2002, using bibliographic software where possible and hand counting when necessary. For journals not published in March 2002, we reviewed the nearest issue. Five primary care physicians independently evaluated fifty randomly selected articles and timed the process. RESULTS: The combined list contained 341 currently active journals with 8,265 articles. Adjusting for publication frequency, we estimate 7,287 articles are published monthly in this set of journals. Physicians trained in epidemiology would take an estimated 627.5 hours per month to evaluate these articles. CONCLUSIONS: To provide practicing clinicians with the best current evidence, more comprehensive and systematic literature surveillance efforts are needed.     

OCKHAM项目发布Harvest—to—Query软件

OCKHAM项目致力于通过图书馆员与数字图书馆研究人员之间的合作推动数字图书馆的发展。通过在数字图书馆工具、服务和内容方面促进简单、开放的方法和标准的开发制订，数字图书馆研究上的飞速发展与传统图书馆应用数字图书馆系统之间的差距将有望缩短。     

Digital archives and metadata as critical infrastructure to keep community memory safe for the future – lessons from Japanese activities

This paper discusses some key issues for digital archives and metadata in a networked information environment to keep our community memory for the future. The paper is based primarily on the experiences and lessons learnt by the author from his research activities on metadata and digital archives. The author participated in a study group on digital archives hosted by the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications of the Japanese Government from February 2011 to March 2012. The group discussed the promotion of digital archives in Japan, particularly at memory institutions. The Great East Japan Earthquake of 11 March 2011 caused serious damage in the north-eastern part of Japan, especially the Pacific coastal regions. This disaster significantly affected the discussions of the group. The basic lesson that the author learned is that digital archives built on a robust information environment are essential for keeping our community memory safe for the future. Not only do the primary digital resources need to be properly maintained and preserved for the future but also secondary resources, metadata and meta-metadata. We need to use Linked Open Data technologies to enhance the usability of such digital resources in the archives.     

Web booksellers—their usefulness to libraries

Historically, libraries have purchased most of their books from wholesalers catering to the library market. In the past five years, new web booksellers have entered the marketing offering deep discounts and rapid delivery to the general public. Purchasing from web vendors tends to increase library administrative costs because of institutional credit card and auditing policies, double data entry on the web vendor’s interface and local library system, and other factors. Depending on local administrative costs, libraries may find web vendors the best choice for purchasing OP, foreign and rush titles.     

To be or not to be——关于图书馆发展的反思

本文根据作者在2009年7月23日“图书馆个性化知识服务研究与实践”学术研讨会的发言整理。作者认为,图书馆生存的价值取决于图书馆员的社会贡献。而图书馆员的社会贡献应通过丰富多样的个性化服务体现出来。图书馆员要发扬甘为人梯、敢为人先的职业精神．以卓越的专业技能和独特的社会贡献赢得职业的荣誉与尊严。     

The Future of Journalism—Who to Believe?

This work collates the opinions of European professionals and internet users concerning the changing reality facing the world of journalism following the explosion of digital media. Our research shows the results of analytical surveys conducted between October 2013 and January 2014 among 54 professionals of renowned prestige, and 500 regular users of the digital media in the five most populated countries in the European Union: Germany, United Kingdom, France, Italy and Spain, all states affected to a greater or lesser extent by the crisis of the printed press. The surveys cover a wide range of topics, from the impact of social networks, the quality of the digital media, the willingness of citizens to pay for content and the degree of interactivity in the digital media for the future of journalism. Professionals and users agree that the news in 2020 will be better and more interactive than now. With regard to other matters, there is more disagreement. Professionals are much more critical than users when it comes to evaluating the quality of the news. The professionals’ survey was more qualitative, and, in their opinion, overcoming the crisis in the written press implies, among other measures, promoting analysis, prioritising quality over quantity and offering “niche” specialisation.     

New practices for electronic publishing 1: Will the scientific paper keep its form?

Discussion about the value of electronic documents is often hampered by starting from what is usual in the paper world and attempting to impose that on an electronic environment. In order to grasp the impact of the current electronic revolution, and formulate a policy for the future, we examine the aims and content of scientific communication. We then critically discuss the recommendations of an International Working Group [see Learned Publishing 2000:13(4) Oct. 251–8], and show the tension between these very reasonable recommendations and the reality of electronic publishing. We conclude that the scientific article will change considerably but that, in its new more composite form as an ensemble of various textual and non-textual components, it will retain many of the current cultural and scientific requirements with regard to editorial, quality and integrity.     

An Index for Journals＇ Integrated Impact Evaluation——Amendments to the Journal＇s Integrated Impact Index

在期刊综合影响力指标（JⅢ）基础之上,提出一种新的评价期刊相对质量的新指标（JIII’）,其定义是一种期刊5年内刊载论文平均被引量与总被引量之乘积除以相同时期内全部期刊刊载论文平均被引量的平均值和期刊总被引量的平均值之乘积所得之商的平方根。用SCI数据库2010年收录的6 644种期刊为样本,通过实证分析证实该指标的实用性,并分析产生这些结果之原因。     

Innovation and Collaboration Brings Forth a New Approach to Bibliographic Instruction—Teach the Teachers

ABSTRACT

In 1994, the librarians at the University of Toledo's Carlson Library developed a bibliographic instruction program that is both efficient and successful. “Teach the Teachers” has been implemented in the English Department's Composition classes where it depends on the collaborative efforts between librarians and classroom instructors in assuring solid student library skills. The program philosophy shifts a librarian's teaching efforts from teaching the student to teaching the instructor. Librarians empower classroom instructors with the knowledge to teach basic information retrieval skills. This paper will discuss the development of the program, as well as the techniques used by both librarians and classroom instructors.     

We Care—Virtually and in Person: A User-Centered Approach to Assessment,Implementation and Promotion of Library Resources and Services to a Remote Graduate Campus

ABSTRACT

The article relates how the Brooklyn Campus Library of Long Island University, despite limitations of physical distance and the varying conditions of the remote graduate campus at Westchester, makes every effort to face each challenge creatively with practical solutions for implementation. We share our findings and experiences—what worked and what did not—and what remains to be done in terms of supporting the curricula and bringing library resources and services to a mixture of remote site users. The authors recount how the gap between reality and the ideal is reduced and unique issues relevant to remote users are resolved by the Brooklyn Campus Library, in collaboration with other units of Long Island University. We relate how we combine library instruction with our marketing efforts to promote library resources and services. We also analyze survey data and interlibrary loan statistics to assess our success. The article contributes to the ongoing discussion of improving and promoting library resources and services to remote sites.     

The Way to Open Access - French Strategies to Move Forward

In France, the movement in favour of open access to scientific research output is getting increasingly coordinated and supported at the political level. The CNRS, a leading research organization in Europe and signatory of the Berlin Declaration, has an evident strategic role to play in this development. Various initiatives that have emerged in the French academic world in recent years have led, for example, in early 2005 to the joint announcement, by four major research institutions, of a common policy to promote open access to published material and other types of digital resources, and to set up institutional archives. The article highlights some key issues of this policy, gives an overview of the current and past CNRS involvement in open access and describes the principal functions, as well as the related challenges, of the future institutional repositories.     

Factors related to attention to the first Kennedy‐Nixon debate

A recent survey by Broadcasting of television programming personnel indicates that professionals in the broadcasting field agree with the general public in holding that the Kennedy‐Nixon debates during the late presidential election campaign were among the most exciting programs ever presented on television. We know that the audiences to these “great debates” were among the largest ever recorded, but sheer numbers do not tell us why audiences paid attention to these debates in the first place, much less the potential and actual effects of these programs.

The following article is one of a number being prepared by the members of the Communications Research Center at Michigan State University, covering a great many facets of political behavior in the 1960 campaign and election. The author of the following article, Dr. Lionel C. Barrow, Jr., is Assistant Professor in the Communications Research Center.     

Policy Game,Online Game—Simulated: Applying the Ecology of Policy Game to Virtual World

Courses: Communication Policy, Media Law, Emerging Communication Technologies

Objective: Students will learn the genesis of regulatory gridlock by applying the ecology of policy game (Dutton, 1992; Neuman, McKnight, & Solomon, 1997) in the virtual environment of Second Life     

Presidential Spotlight: Reflection and Advocacy—Creating and Addressing Elements Central to Leadership and Higher Education

Drawing from my experiences as President of the Central States Communication Association, I examine how service allows for opportunities to create relationships, identity, and leadership in profound ways. I then consider how Communication scholars can unite to resolve ongoing economic issues that threaten both communication pedagogy and research. The academy as a whole faces serious economic challenges; this essay identifies some of these specific problems and potential action steps that academic associations can take in an advocacy role on this front. This is done in the hope that associations or even individuals begin (or continue) thinking about what they can do to help address the economic issues in higher education that so many face across the academy.     

Open Access to Research Outputs—Institutional Policies and Researchers' Views: Results From Two Complementary Surveys

This paper presents the results of two complementary surveys undertaken in 2008 as part of a wider project investigating the effects and impact of open access to research outputs in the UK. The institutional view, from a survey of academic librarians, is compared to researchers' perceptions and practices. Researchers were largely unaware of their institutions' policies with regard to open access, or whether they had an institutional repository. Reasons for making research outputs available on open access, or not doing so, were sought, and the role of open access material as a research resource investigated. The surveys found that many researchers maintained a suspicion of open access publications, both as authors and as users of scholarly material, together with a degree of ignorance about open access and the role of institutional repositories. This suggests that a degree of culture change may be needed, as institutions develop repositories with a view to future research assessment requirements, and more funders adopt open access mandates for the outputs from research which they fund.     

捡—精—思—闯—挤

我1987年3月开始业余写新闻稿,到1988年12月,一年多的时间里,被《中国青年报》《人民公安报》《北京日报》和北京人民广播电台等市以上新闻单位采用稿件67篇,被市公安局和延庆县委宣传部评为优秀通讯员。回顾写稿的实践,我的初步体会是“捡”“精”“思”“闯”“挤”这五个字。写作的知识靠“捡”。写文章缺乏必要的基础知识,即使遇到好的题材,头脑这个加工厂再灵,也出不了名牌产品。为了“捡”知识,我除了备有“阅报本”“读书笔记”,注意随时把