共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 816 毫秒
1.
The public/private divide in higher education: A global revision 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Simon Marginson 《Higher Education》2007,53(3):307-333
Our common understandings of the public/private distinction in higher education are drawn from neo-classical economics and/or
statist political philosophy. However, the development of competition and markets at the national level, and the new potentials
for private and public goods created by globalisation in higher education, have exposed weaknesses in the traditional notions
of public/private. For example, (1) the statist notion that higher education is always/already a public good blinds us to
its role in producing scarce positional private goods, even in free systems; (2) because there is no global state, both statists
and neo-liberals model the global higher education environment simply as a trading environment without grasping the potential
for global public goods in education – goods that are subject to non-rivalry or non-excludability, and broadly available across
populations, on a global scale. Yet higher education in one nation has the potential to create positive and negative externalities
in another; and all higher education systems and institutions can benefit from collective systems e.g. that facilitate cross-border
recognition and mobility. The paper sets out to revise public/private in higher education. Rather than defining public/private
in terms of legal ownership, it focuses on the social character of the goods. It argues that public/private goods are not
always zero sum and under certain conditions provide conditions of possibility for each other. It proposes (a) units in national
government that focus specifically on cross-border effects; (b) global policy spaces – taking in state agencies, individual
universities, NGOs and commercial agents – to consider the augmentation, distribution of and payment for global public goods.
This paper has been adapted from a keynote address to the Conference of Higher Education Researchers (CHER), University of
Twente, Enschede, 19 September 2004. The CHER conference was focused on the public/private question. Warm thanks to Erik Beerkens,
Jurgen Enders, Marijk van Wende, Ben Jongbloed, Guy Neave, other colleagues who took part in discussion at the CHER conference,
and the reviewers for Higher Education. 相似文献
2.
Meiqiong Qin 《Frontiers of Education in China》2007,2(3):336-348
According to policy objective of Chinese-foreign cooperation in operating schools (CFCIRS), the statistical analysis indicates
that many problems exist, such as delayed policy-making, inconsistent objectives between the two parties, unbalanced area
distribution, improperly designed programs, low quality teaching and so on. Accordingly, the corresponding policies should
be established to make CFCIRS a healthy and sustainable development.
Translated from Gaodeng Jiaoyu Yanjiu 高等教育研究 (Journal of Higher Education), 2006, (5): 34–39 相似文献
3.
钟晨音 《Frontiers of Education in China》2008,3(4):594-606
As the teacher education in China gradually evolves from the closed one into an open one, and with the greater pressure from
the competition among universities, the transformation of normal universities is an inevitable choice. The problems that normal
universities need to face up to are the proper goal orientation and the setting of appropriate development goals. Through
the comparison and interpretation of the development goals of current normal universities in China, this paper finds similar
tendency in the development types and the choices of features. Goal orientation is vital to the development of normal universities.
Therefore, when setting and implementing development goals, a sound understanding about expressions like “the features of
operating schools” and “comprehensive universities” should be improved, and a rational thinking about the fundamental questions
should be engaged in as well.
__________
Translated from Gaodeng Jiaoyu Yanjiu 高等教育研究 (Journal of Higher Education), 2008, 29(2): 29–34 相似文献
4.
This article provides an international comparative overview of institutional strategies, collaboration patterns and governmental policies related to the use of ICT in higher education. It has been produced as part of an international comparative study on the use of ICT in higher education. A study commissioned by the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs and the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science and published as: “The Use of Information and Communication Technology in Higher Education: An International Orientation on Trends and Issues”, B. Collis and M. van der Wende (Eds). University of Twente, CHEPS, 1999. It covers the following range of countries: Belgium, Finland, the United Kingdom, Australia and the United States of America. Additionally some main initiatives at the European level have been taken into account. On the basis of this international comparison, the following main conclusions were drawn. Due in part to the fact that in many cases institutional strategies for ICT are still lacking, interesting experimentation does not generally lead to successful dissemination and adoption on a wider scale. In many cases, the push for a substantial use of ICT in distance learning programs has come from new educati onal markets, life-long learning and international education in particular. The response of higher education to these markets is leading in many countries to a convergence of distance and traditional (on-campus) education. Inter-institutional and inter-sectoral collaboration between universities and companies are characteristics of many successful ICT initiatives, although they do not generally continue into sustainable implementation in the individual institutions. Governments facilitate the use of ICT through the establishment of infrastructure, networks and inter-institutional and public–private partnerships, and try to create the right regulatory environment. Further deregulation will enable institutions to respond to new market demands and will inspire the necessary organizational change in higher education institutions. 相似文献
5.
By sending out questionnaires to 106 counselors of 98 colleges and universities, panel discussion and interviewing, the authors
implement a fairly comprehensive survey on the development of the financial aid system of assisting impoverished students
in higher education institutes (HEIs) in China, including national student loans, award fund supported by government, on campus
work-study and subsidy, etc. This paper aims at probing into some major problems that exist in this system and offer some
suggestions and countermeasures on how to improve and develop the system.
__________
Translated from Guojia Jiaoyu Xingzheng Xueyuan Xuebao 国家教育行政学院学报 (Journal of National Academy of Education Administration), 2006, (11): 76–81 相似文献
6.
Xuewen Zhang 《Frontiers of Education in China》2007,2(3):378-393
More attention should be paid to four issues during the massification of Chinese higher education: (1) how to understand the
prime cause of the expansion of higher education; (2) how to reinforce liberal education; (3) how to balance the relationship
between equality and excellence; and (4) how to harmonize the relationship between the university, the government and the
market. All these are based on the orientation about the ultimate goal of universities. Modern universities must make students
and the public understand that their ultimate mission is places where stratagems for profits and opportunities of employment
are provided; rather, modern universities should inspire students’ rationalistic potencies, cultivate their ability to look
upon the development of individuals, society and history from a long-term and all-around perspective.
Translated from Beijing Shifan Daxue Xuebao (Shehui Kexue Ban) 北京师范大学学报 (社会 科学版) (Journal of Beijing Normal University (Social Sciences Edition)), 2006, (6): 13–20 相似文献
7.
Among the studies of the internal efficiency in higher education, most have focused on the scale of university (the economies
of scale), but little on internal operating efficiency in higher education, especially on the combined efficiency of outputs
(the economies of scope). There are few theoretical discussions or experimental research on whether teaching resources are
complementary with research resources, or whether resources in undergraduate cultivation are shared with those in postgraduate
training. In the background of the resource scarcity, it is significant to study the economies of scope in higher education
to realize intensive development of higher education. Based on the multiproduct cost function and the data of universities
attached to the Ministry of Education, this paper attempts to deal with the complementarities of resources used in undergraduate
cultivation, postgraduate training and research to find that universities produce these outputs without sufficient resource
sharing, the diseconomies of scope in postgraduate training is highest. As far as the quality of teaching and research are
concerned, diseconomies of scope of the outputs are great. The main reasons are as follows: poor distribution of facilities,
teachers and books, overlapping internal management systems, and the current postgraduate cultivation model. Therefore, relative
departments should take internal resource sharing in higher education into account when making the administration policy of
higher education.
__________
Translated from Beijing Shifan Daxue Xuebao (Shehui Kexue Ban) 北京师范大学学报 (社会科学 版) (Journal of Beijing Normal University (Social Sciences)), 2007, (2): 81–91 相似文献
8.
A comparative analysis of the statistics of the two population censuses conducted in 1990 and 2000 showed that with the development
of ethnic education, average years of school attainment have been increased for all ethnic nationalities, and education has
been more equalized within different ethnic nationalities. However, educational inequality among different nationalities has
been widened. Although the extent of the widening is limited, sufficient attention should be paid by policy-makers.
__________
Translated from Minzu Jiaoyu Yanjiu 民族教育研究 (Journal of Research on Education for Ethnic Minorities), 2006, (5): 16–20 相似文献
9.
Der Beitrag diskutiert aus der Perspektive historischer Sozialisationsforschung gegenw?rtige Bilder vom Kind. Er skizziert
die Grundzüge des romantischen Kindheitsmythos um 1800 und analysiert seine Kontinuit?ten in der P?dagogik um 1900 und an
der Wende zum 21. Jahrhundert. Er zeigt, dass sowohl dem aktuellen Bestseller von Elschenbroich „Das Weltwissen der Siebenj?hrigen“ (2001), als auch Positionen der zeitgen?ssischen Kindheitsforschung durchaus romantische
Elemente zugrunde liegen. Kritisch befragt werden in diesem Zusammenhang sowohl das Konzept der „Selbstsozialisation“, als
auch die Annahme vom Verschwinden der Differenz zwischen Kindern und Erwachsenen. Der Beitrag endet mit einem Fazit, in dem
Gründe für die Attraktivit?t des Kindheitsmythos aufgeführt sowie Forschungsfragen und -probleme er?rtert werden. 相似文献
10.
研究型大学在国家自主技术创新中的作用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The world is increasingly merged into a global market economy, and the government’s intervention power in economy has rapidly
given way to that of science and technology. For the world’s major economic powers, indigenous technological innovation has
become a national strategy for enhancing competitiveness. Investment in scientific and technological innovation has become
the most important form of strategic investment and strategic technological industry has become a forward-looking deployment
and key priority in innovative national building. Research universities may have critical strength in and important social
contribution to indigenous technological innovation. An innovative government may achieve this by making use of the research
university’s mechanism and characteristics of technology transfer, clarifying the university—industry relationship and providing
relevant policy incentives. The article concludes with an analysis of the advantages, problems and making strategies of Chinese
research universities in indigenous technological innovation.
__________
Translated from Qinghua Daxue Jiaoyu Yanjiu 清华大学教育研究 (Tsinghua Journal of Education), 2008, 28(2): 7–15 相似文献
11.
The big upper bound of typical van der Waerden number was investigated through calculating the van der Waerden number on a circle. And the van der Waerden number Wh (3,3) = 9, Wh (3,3,3)≥25 on a circle was calculated by computer. 相似文献
12.
A dominant concern with internationalisation through the past decades has been the process of strategic transformation of universities. While strategic management has been perceived as a necessary and useful approach in the construction of internationalisation, many criticisms have been levelled against the application of strategic management in internationalisation. One of these criticisms is the ‘implementation gap’ between internationalisation strategic plans and their actual outcomes. Based on interview data collected from 73 key actors involved in internationalisation at 16 Dutch public universities, this research identifies 12 elements that comprise the concept strategic management and illustrates how educational practitioners in different sectors (research universities and universities of applied sciences) and job function levels (central and faculty) prioritise these elements. The key contribution of this research is the clarification of the areas where the ‘implementation gap’ exists and the causes of this gap. The findings of this research are particularly important in the midst of uncontested popularisation of strategic management, because they can help universities to reduce this gap and improve the effectiveness of their strategic management practices. 相似文献
13.
Internationalisation of higher education: European experiences 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
U. Teichler 《Asia Pacific Education Review》2009,10(1):93-106
‘Internationalisation’ is generally defined as increasing cross-border activities amidst persistence of borders, while ‘globalisation’
refers to similar activities concurrent to an erosion of borders. Study mobility is viewed as the most visible component in
this framework in Europe with ERASMUS as the largest scheme of temporary mobility. ERASMUS was a trigger for a qualitative
leap of internationalisation strategies and policies since the 1990s: towards cooperation and mobility on equal terms, and
towards systematic and strategic internationalisation. The ‘Bologna Process’ aimed to make higher education more attractive
to students from other parts of the world and to facilitate intra-European mobility; however, many other activities are needed
to stimulate mobility, and the Bologna Process pursues many other objectives. It remains to be seen whether supra-national
and national policies and institutional strategies will continue to opt for wide-ranging cooperation based on mutual trust
or whether the ‘competition paradigm’ will determine the scene. 相似文献
14.
LUKAS GRAF 《European Journal of Education》2009,44(4):569-585
In recent years, the global market for higher education has expanded rapidly, while internationalisation strategies have been developed at university, national and European levels to increase the competitiveness of higher education institutions. This article asks how institutional settings prevailing in national models of capitalism motivate distinct national approaches with regard to the internationalisation, globalisation, and Europeanisation of higher education systems. While the university is defined as an organisational actor embedded in the higher education system, the higher education system itself represents an institutional subsystem within the national model of capitalism. An analytical framework is then developed on the basis of the Varieties of Capitalism approach to compare the internationalisation of German and British universities. Findings indicate that the relations between the various actors involved in the internationalisation of universities are based largely on market coordination in the British case. In contrast, this process in Germany relies more on strategic interactions between the various organisational actors in higher education. The development paths in the internationalisation of universities are found to be influenced by and reflect the specific mode of coordination in the respective higher education system and the national model of capitalism more generally. This comparative case study shows that recent conceptions of path dependence as well as conceptual tools developed in the Varieties of Capitalism literature, such as institutional complementarity and comparative institutional advantage, may be fruitfully applied to research on institutional change in higher education systems. 相似文献
15.
Gifty Oforiwaa Gyamera 《Compare》2019,49(6):924-942
AbstractUsing postcolonial theory, this paper discusses the conceptualisation and rationalisation of internationalisation in some universities in Ghana. The paper is based on a study conducted to critically examine internationalisation in three public Ghanaian universities. It is argued that although internationalisation is a major concept at the universities, there are different nuances in how it is perceived and conceptualised there. There are also differences in its rationalisation. These different nuances are presented as internationalisation models at the universities. This paper argues for the need of a critical debate of internationalisation, one that is not perceived in the dominant neoliberal way but that emphasises diversity, and that is defined to suit the specific context of Ghana. 相似文献
16.
Gunnar Schedin Kerstin Armelius 《International journal for the advancement of counseling》2008,30(3):189-201
This exploratory study addresses differences in self-image as a client characteristic in career counselling by using the Structural
Analysis of Social Behaviour (Benjamin, L., Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64(6), 1203–1212, 1996; Benjamin, L., Journal of Personality Assessment, 66(2), 248–266, 1996) and an adaptation (Andersson, W.P, and Niles, S.P., The Career Development Quarterly, 48(3), 251–263, 2000) of the Therapist Intention List (Hill C. E and O’Grady K. E., Journal of Counseling Psychology, 32(1), 3–22, 1985; Hill et al., Journal of Counseling Psychology, 35(3), 222–233, 1988). Expected and experienced behaviour of self and other, recalled helpful and non-helpful events during sessions, and evaluation
of sessions were compared between two clients with identified positive self-image and two clients with identified negative
self-image. The results indicated that the clients with a positive self-image compared to clients with a negative self-image
expected more positive behaviours and experienced more positive in-session behaviours from both themselves and from the counsellor;
they recalled more positive and fewer negative events in-session and they evaluated their session more positively. Implications
for career counselling are discussed. 相似文献
17.
Nigel M Healey 《Perspectives: Policy and Practice in Higher Education》2017,21(4):119-128
For many universities around the world, internationalisation means the recruitment of fee-paying international students (so-called export education) for primarily commercial reasons. For UK universities, international (non-European Union) students account for approximately 13% of their annual revenues, making them highly dependent on international student recruitment. This paper discusses the attempt by one UK university to change direction and develop a new approach to internationalisation which puts an international learning experience for all students at the heart of its new strategic plan. It discusses the obstacles to changing direction in this way and shares some of the lessons learned about how to roll out an alternative university-wide internationalisation strategy. 相似文献
18.
Internationalisation of higher education is a strategic theme in current research on higher education and policy debate. Both
at national and institutional levels, in many countries, internationalisation is stated to be an educational goal. However,
the dominant discourse on internationalisation of higher education in research and research-based discussions tends to be
framed by political, economic and organisational perspectives, rather than informed by educational considerations. There is
also a tendency to place internationalisation in higher education within the conceptual frame of economic globalisation and
the increasing trade in educational services worldwide. While such discussions may shed light on various organisational, political
or economic issues, this research does not give a pedagogical basis for the internationalisation of higher education in terms
of teaching and learning. In particular, questions relating to the internationalisation of content and learning outcomes need
to be addressed. A series of studies conducted in Sweden 1999–2007 by the authors indicates that the didactical realisation
of internationalisation as an educational goal can be very elusive. In our findings, the concrete content considered by teachers
and students to represent internationalisation did not follow any clear pattern or goal. Internationalisation was assumed
to be represented by some form of ‘general knowledge’ and general human qualities, without considering cultural differences.
Institutionalised curriculum thinking as a basis for developing internationalisation was lacking. Concrete thinking was very
much restricted to organisational and administrative aspects, and thoughts concerning content and learning outcomes tended
to be expressed in idealised and general terms, rather than developed into clarifying and useful specifications underpinned
by curriculum theory. Certain consequences ensuing from this situation are discussed, and a curriculum approach to internationalisation
of higher education is suggested. 相似文献
19.
This paper examines alternative attitudes to internationalisation, using Australia and Finland as case studies. In Australia,
the principal thrust of “internationalisation” has been one of the export of educational services. The fees paid by the majority
of the 84 000 international university students have become a critical part of the funding of Australia’s university system.
In Finland, universities continue to be funded almost exclusively through government grants, and official philosophy towards
the internationalisation of higher education differs from the more direct economic Australian model. Comparative philosophy,
mobility and comparative numbers are considered.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
20.
Joaquín Martínez-Torregrosa Rafael López-Gay Albert Gras-Martí 《Science & Education》2006,15(5):447-462
Despite its frequent use, there is little understanding of the concept of differential among upper high school and undergraduate
students of physics. As a first step to identify the origin of this situation and to revert it, we have done a historic and
epistemological study aimed at clarifying the role and the meaning of the differential in physics and at improving curricular
and teaching models in the sense of Gilbert et al. (Gilbert J.K., Boulter C., & Rutherford, M.: 1998a, International Journal of Science Education 20(1), 83–97, Gilbert J.K., Boulter C., & Rutherford, M.: 1998b, International Journal of Science Education 20(2), 187–203). We describe the contributions of Leibniz and Cauchy and stress their shortcomings, which are overcome by the
alternative definition proposed by the French mathematician Fréchet, dating from early 20th century. As a result of this study,
we answer to some fundamental questions related to a proper understanding of the differential in physics education (for 17–19 years
old students). 相似文献