公司制与有限合伙制风险投资之比较与选择

公司制和有限合伙制两种风险投资组织形式各有其利弊。无论选择哪一种组织形式，都必须从本国的实际出发，不可盲目照搬外国模式。通过利弊比较，我们认为鉴于现行立法的障碍、社会信用体系不完善、缺乏成熟的机构投资者和适格的风险投资家，加之有限合伙制自身的缺陷，我国应当选择以公司制风险投资为主，探索性逐步发展有限合伙制风险投资模式。     

Structuration theory,habitus and complexity theory: elective affinities or old wine in new bottles?

This paper examines similarities and differences between structuration theory, habitus and complexity theory, as theories of social change. The paper suggests that structuration theory and habitus can theorize change, but that complexity theory offers a more complete theory of change because it focuses on social production rather than reproduction. Although there are elective affinities between structuration theory, habitus and complexity theory, nevertheless there are important differences between them. Complexity theory, being at heart a theory of change and development, differentiation and open systems, is more than merely a reformulation of structuration theory and habitus, and offers a more complete theory of social change than these two. Implications and agendas are drawn for the sociology of education from a complexity perspective.     

高新技术企业风险投资问题研究

本文研究了风险投资的理论基础:经济增长理论、后凯恩斯主义企业理论、软预算约束理论、契约理论、诺斯制度变迁理论,分析了风险投资制度变迁中的"集团利益困境"及合约执行中的"人力资本产权残缺"、"委托代理风险"问题。认为"委托代理风险"的原因是所有者缺位,"人力资本产权残缺"是合约的动态调整滞后导致,"集团利益困境"是由于成员的搭便车行为及收益分享、成本分摊规则。最后,提出了规避风险的对策。     

有限合伙制代理风险及其控制制度安排

风险投资者投资于风险投资家创立和经营的风险资本组织,形成了他们之间的委托-代理关系,由于信息不对称,风险投资者要承担巨大的代理风险.而有限合伙制作为一种独特的企业组织形式,通过一套对风险投资家的激励和约束机制,有效地解决了这个难题.     

Rethinking the relationship between learner,learning contexts,and technology: a critique and exploration of Archer's morphogenetic approach

The contextualized nature of learning with technology is widely acknowledged in research, but there remains a lack of sound social theorization to conceptualize and understand this contextualization. Giddens' structuration theory has been proposed as an appropriate tool for analysing and understanding human interactions with technologies. Drawing on Archer's critique of structuration theory, this paper critically analyses some of its recent uses in relation to e-learning and discusses their explanatory limitations. As an alternative, the paper proposes the use of Archer's morphogenetic approach and illustrates how it overcomes some of the major analytical weaknesses of structuration theory by enabling engagement with the powers of both structure and human agency without conflating them in a process of ‘mutual constitution’. It suggests that Archer's approach provides central analytical and explanatory significance to the multiple specific social contexts within which any e-learning course exists and the specific social interactions that take place amongst those engaged in it. Although based in e-learning for illustrative purposes, the conclusions drawn from comparison between structuration and morphogenetic approaches have application in the enhanced understanding and theorization of learning situations more generally.     

共享治理实践中的管辖权剖析

大学共享治理机制设计进入运行层面需要解决的首要问题是大学内部各权力主体之间学术管辖权的界定与划分。共享治理不是简单的分权或者授权,而是董事会、大学管理层、教师治理系统享有不同性质的管辖权。董事会享有对大学的治理权,管理层享有对大学内部事物的管理权,而大学教师治理系统则享有对专业性学术事物的控制权。文章研究共同治理模式下美国学术治理管辖权的划分的理论与实际运作,以期为我国大学治理的机制改革提供借鉴和参考。     

关于加快我国创业资本市场建设的思考

针对我国创业资本存在的问题和原因,指出建立创业资本市场的紧迫性和现实性。发展我国创业资本市场需要政策支持;融资方面应走政府与民间相结合、引进外资之路,建立多层次的创业资本的投资网络;建立创业资本可行的退出机制,确保投资的利益。     

我国创业板市场建立的制度选择

我国即将设立的创业板市场，是10年证券资本市场开放发展的新里程碑。资本市场是人类社会最精巧的制度发明，它以其功能卓越的杠杆系统推动着社会经济连续运行和向前发展。资本市场在发展过程中分化为主板市场、风险投资制度以及基于风险投资基础上的创业板市场。主板市场是工业经济时代的产物。它主要为处于相对成熟产业的企业提供筹资渠道。而创业板市场是以信息技术、网络技术为特征的新经济时代产生的，为高新技术产业与金融资本的结合提供了一种流动机制。     

投资者异质性与股票市场泡沫:一个综述性讨论

传统的资产定价理论通常假设投资者是同质的,但这一理论无法有效解释股票市场泡沫。现实中,投资者在主观和客观上都存在着明显的差异,这些差异使得投资者对市场预期具有异质性信念,在异质性的影响下表现出不同的投资行为,从而对资产定价产生重要的影响。近期的研究逐渐摆脱了同质性假设的框架,引入投资者异质性来解释股票市场过度波动和泡沫等现象,这些研究给未来的证券市场监管提供了新的视角。     

当代西方社会历史观的重建--吉登斯结构化理论述评

吉登斯结构化理论不仅是一种社会学理论 ,而且是一种社会历史观。结构化理论从人类实践活动的向度出发 ,对于社会的构成、社会的类型和社会的变迁作出了新的分析和说明 ,从而实现了当代西方社会历史观的重建。     

Exploring the Scholarly Output of Academic Organization Leadership in Criminology and Criminal Justice: A Research Note on Publication Productivity

A number of studies analyzing publication productivity of criminology and criminal justice scholars have emerged in recent years. More specifically, this body of literature applies varied cross‐sectional and longitudinal methodological approaches to demonstrate the publication productivity of scholars. Furthermore, these studies often diverge in their operationalization of the key construct of interest (publication productivity); however, one relative consistency is the list of “elite” criminology and criminal justice journals. This study seeks to explore the elite publication productivity among recent executive board members of the American Society of Criminology and the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences along with the board members of Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences’ regional affiliate associations. Comparisons are made between and within organizations/associations, and individual board member rankings are also presented. The results of this study indicate that publishing in the elite criminology and criminal justice journals is rare and there is variation across organizations/associations and variation among their respective members in the rate of publishing in these elite journals. Suggestions for future research examining publication productivity are also discussed.     

Co-Organizing the Collective Journey of Inquiry With Idea Thread Mapper

This research integrates theory building, technology design, and design-based research to address a central challenge pertaining to collective inquiry and knowledge building: How can student-driven, ever-deepening inquiry processes become socially organized and pedagogically supported in a community? Different from supporting inquiry using predesigned structures, we propose reflective structuration as a social and temporal mechanism by which members of a community coconstruct/reconstruct shared inquiry structures to shape and guide their ongoing knowledge building processes. Idea Thread Mapper (ITM) was designed to help students and their teacher monitor emergent directions and co-organize the unfolding inquiry processes over time. A study was conducted in two upper primary school classrooms that investigated electricity with the support of ITM. Qualitative analyses of classroom videos and observational data documented the formation and elaboration of shared inquiry structures. Content analysis of the online discourse and student reflective summaries showed that in the classroom with reflective structuration, students made more active and connected contributions to their online discourse, leading to deeper and more coherent scientific understandings.     

The Communicative Construction of Involuntary Membership

This study expands conceptions of organizational membership by examining individuals whose relationships with their organizations are traditionally characterized as involuntary in nature. Data from inmates and prison employees in four U.S. and Norwegian correctional institutions was examined using structuration theory as an emergent interpretive lens, and five primary ways in which involuntary membership is constructed in communication are identified: physical environment, mobility, relationships, engagement, and body. These facets are presented as the foundation of a continuum-based theoretical perspective on (in)voluntary membership and are discussed for their applicability to future research and theorizing across organizational communication studies.     

Positivism,Structurationism and the Differentiation‐Polarisation Theory: a reconsideration of Shilling's novelty and primacy thesis

This paper critically assesses Chris Shilling's claims that structuration theory provides a new and important direction for sociology of education. That assessment is conducted with particular reference to the long‐standing research programme in the sociology of education, known as the differentiation‐polarisation theory (d‐p). The plausibility of the claim that d‐p is positivist is examined, and the extent to which d‐p meets the supposed inadequacies of sociology of education allegedly exposed by structuration theory is investigated. It is concluded that the novelty and importance of structuration theory for sociology of education and a fortiori education policy remains unproven.     

Access to multiliteracies: a critical ethnography

This paper reports the key findings of a critical ethnography, which documented the enactment of the multiliteracies pedagogy in an Australian elementary school classroom. The multiliteracies pedagogy of the New London Group is a response to the emergence of multimodal literacies in contemporary contexts of increased cultural and linguistic diversity. Giddens’ structuration theory was applied to the analysis of systems relations. The key finding was that students, who were culturally and linguistically diverse, had differential access to multiliteracies. Existing degrees of access were reproduced among the student cohort, based on the learners’ relation to the dominant culture. Specifically, students from Anglo-Australian, middle-class backgrounds had greater access to transformed designing than those who were culturally or socio-economically marginalized. These experiences were influenced by the agency of individuals who were both enabled and constrained by structures of power within the school and the wider educational and social systems.     

风险投资公司对投资企业的监督管理

通过对投资管理工作中的项目持有人为了自身牟利而直接或间接损害投资公司利益的行为进行的分析,阐述了风险投资公司如何有效监督和管理投资企业的方法。     

The use of structuration theory to conceptualize alternative practice in education: the case of private school outreach in India

This paper contributes to arguments for the potential of Giddens’ structuration theory in educational research. It illustrates how ‘conceptual schemes’ from structuration theory were applied to the author’s empirical research on a type of alternative educational practice in India, ‘private school outreach’. It shows how Giddens’ concepts of ‘social system’, ‘structure’ and ‘agency’ helped to conceptualize private school outreach, and how ‘constraint’ and ‘ontological security’ offered explanations of apparent contradictions in private school outreach practice within the context of the reasons and motivations of actors. It also argues that when schools attempt to do things differently, contradictions may occur because the same ‘rules and resources’ that are drawn on in the production of alternative practice are drawn on in the reproduction of practice. Finally, acknowledging the debates around structuration theory, some of its key criticisms are addressed in relation to the empirical application.     

吉登斯结构化理论中“行动”概念的深度审视

结构化理论是吉登斯最具原创性的理论,是立足于日常生活世界的本体论研究。该理论认为,行动具有一种能动性,这种能动性是一种"所做"而不是一种"所欲"。能动性与权力逻辑地关联在一起,权力是一种转换能力。有意图行动的意外后果表明行动者的能动性是受限制的。吉登斯正是通过澄清了行动的概念以及行动与目的、理由和动机的关系,实现了对解释社会学的第一次超越,从而建立了社会学方法的新规则。     

我国发展风险投资的问题及对策

20世纪50年代,风险投资在美国应运而生。我国风险投资业起步较晚,但发展迅速。在我国风险投资发展过程中,也出现一些问题。针对这些问题,我们必须采取以下一些对策：培养一批优秀的风险投资家;拓宽风险投资的资金来源渠道;对风险投资各主体应制定明确的税收优惠政策;修改和完善有关风险投资业的法律法规;设立“二板”市场出口通道;制定政府采购政策。     

The Importance of Informal Communicationunder Chinese Culture Background

Over the last three decades of open market policy, China undoubtedly has risen to be the magnet of global investors of all walks, which attracts many foreign investors and enterprises to venture into China market for their profit. However, many foreigners just use formal communication methods to manage the company or cope with business matters. Actually, from the aspect of culture study,informal communication is of great significance and should not be ignored under Chinese cultural background.