美国《残疾人教育法》与残疾人高等教育

本文通过解读1990年的美国《残疾人教育法》及其1997年修正案,研究其如何有助于消除高等教育领域对残疾人的歧视、保障他们受教育的权利;进而探讨该法对我国高等教育的启示,即残疾丝毫不能损害个人参与和贡献于社会的权利;仅仅置身于全纳的高等教育环境中不能消除残疾人受歧视和教育"边缘化"的现象;要改变人们的观念,保护和提高残疾人受教育的权利,需要全社会和我们的政府一道进行艰巨的改革,勇敢地面对挑战.     

选择和承诺:中美两国教师候选人比较研究

在中美两国进行的一项全国性调查和个案研究的结果表明 ,中国师范生的家庭社会经济地位和学业基础均较低。虽然他们认为教师职业是崇高的 ,但是绝大多数学生 ,特别是少数民族学生并不准备终身从事教育事业 ,其重要原因是教师地位低下、经济待遇太低。因此 ,中美两国的政策制定者都应重新考虑、评价和制定各自国家的教育政策 ,以吸引优秀的年轻人接受师范教育 ,从事教育事业     

Families of Children with Disabilities in Jordan

Although the past two decades have witnessed an increasing interest in the education of children with disabilities in Jordan, special education services are extended to less than 3% of the target population. Accordingly, the overwhelming majority of children with disabilities stay home with very little professional support and help available to them or to their families. The primary purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the present situation of families of children with disabilities in Jordan. Basic information about developments in this area is provided and the results of a survey conducted by the authors are presented.     

Grandparents' Involvement and Support in Families with Children with Disabilities

This study reviews recent literature related to grandparents' involvement and support for grandchildren with disabilities and their grandchildrens' family. The literature reveals that grandparents' initial reactions are similar to parents' reactions of shock, anger, and grief when they learn a grandchild has a disability. Over time, grandparents become involved in their grandchild's family system, providing practical and emotional support. Factors that influence grandparents' support and involvement include residential proximity, their level of understanding of their grandchild's disability, and the affective solidarity between them and their adult child who is the parent of the grandchild. Grandparents' support and involvement is promoted when they have access to accurate information regarding their grandchild's disability, experience good communication exists between them and their adult child, and when support groups or workshops are available to them in their community. A variety of unexplored areas are identified where additional and longitudinal research may yield new and interesting information regarding our understanding of factors that effect grandparents' involvement and support in families with children with disabilities.     

Measuring Stress in Families of Children with Disabilities

The degree and nature of stress experienced by the families of infants and toddlers with disabilities has gained increased recognition and interest. The Questionnaire on Resources and Stress (QRS) and the Parenting Stress Index (PSI) are two of the most commonly used measures of familial stress. The concurrent validity of these measures was examined and expectations that QRS and PSI scores were related in expected ways was generally confirmed by both bivariate and multivariate analyses.     

Measuring Stress in Families of Children with Disabilities

The degree and nature of stress experienced by the families of infants and toddlers with disabilities has gained increased recognition and interest. The Questionnaire on Resources and Stress (QRS) and the Parenting Stress Index (PSI) are two of the most commonly used measures of familial stress. The concurrent validity of these measures was examined and expectations that QRS and PSI scores were related in expected ways was generally confirmed by both bivariate and multivariate analyses.     

美国残疾人教育法中的人权理念

主要阐述了美国特殊教育立法产生的历史背景、起因和演进的发展历程。透过法案每一次的演进、变化可以获悉美国特殊教育法发展中的人权观改进。吸纳其先进的人权理念,对我国特殊教育的发展有一定的借鉴和影响作用。     

共同推动美国和中国残疾儿童的学业成就:适应和顺应的方法

本文作者发现,当今全世界的教师、教育管理者、及教师培训者都面临的一个挑战,就是要保证教育者能为学习困难学生提供能使他们达到国家为各州提出的学业标准而精心准备的教育服务。本文通过对两国特教教师培训现状的研究,提出了独特的五域教学法即在教学环境、教材选用、课堂演示、学生反应和知识评估这五个领域中运用适应、调整和顺应这三种步骤来满足特殊需要学生不同的学业要求,以使他们能达到国家或各州规定的学业要求。     

Hebrew Education in the United States: Historical Perspectives and Future Directions

This article sketches the trajectory of Hebrew education in the United States from the early 1900s to the present. Attending to the historiography of Hebrew education, it shows how current curricula and pedagogical approaches have been stamped by historical considerations and language ideologies, how goals and strategies have changed (or remained the same) over time, and how the evolution of the field has been driven both by internal dynamics within the Jewish community and by changes in the broader social and political context of the United States. It concludes with a framework for constructing a meaningful research agenda for the future.     

Defining and Assessing Quality in Early Intervention Programs for Infants and Toddlers with Disabilities and their Families: Challenges and Unresolved Issues

Historically, child care quality research has focused primarily on typically developing children cared for in center-based programs. Findings from this research suggests that variations in quality of care have an effect on children's well-being and developmental outcomes. In this paper, we draw on child care quality research to inform our understanding of quality in early intervention services for infants and toddlers with disabilities and their families. Conceptual issues in defining quality and methodological challenges for assessing quality of early intervention services are presented. In the final sections of this paper, we discuss our efforts to design a measure of quality for early intervention programs and present some of the unresolved issues related to the assessment of quality in early intervention programs.     

北京地区发展性障碍儿童家庭生活质量的研究

残疾人家庭生活质量的研究在国际上非常受重视,已经成为评估残疾人家庭支持成效的重要参考因素。本研究采用中文版《家庭生活质量评估量表》,对北京442个发展性障碍儿童的家庭进行问卷调查,探究了北京发展性障碍儿童家庭生活的客观生活质量状况,分析家庭主观生活质量的现状和家长对家庭生活质量的满意度,以及发展性障碍儿童家庭生活质量结构特征。研究为进一步提升家庭生活质量的实践和研究提出了建议。     

对美国教育技术定义变迁的若干思考

20世纪60年代初,美国开始对教育技术的定义进行讨论。随着人们认识水平的逐渐提高,教育技术领域的名称和概念几经变迁。我们必须充分把握美国教育技术协会(Association for Educational Communications and Technology)关于最具代表性的定义变迁的过程描述,分别从研究对象、研究范畴/内容、研究目的和研究形态等四个方面对AECT教育技术定义的特征进行比较分析,才能认清美国教育技术定义变迁的方向,并在深入分析美国教育技术定义不断演进的原因的基础上,总结其对我国教育技术领域带来的启示。     

Sustaining the Family: Meeting the Needs of Families of Children with Disabilities

A dramatic rise in the survival rates of children born with disabilities (particularly those born prematurely) has been reported in the last decade. The nature of their disabilities is, at times, significantly different from that previously reported, posing problems for the families attempting to nurture the development of these children. Barry Carpenter, Chief Executive of Sunfield, considers the needs of the self-defining family, the implications for interdisciplinary practice, and the changing pattern of early childhood disability. He asks a fundamental question: 'How can professionals sustain the family of a child with disabilities?'     

现行美国教育体制

美国现行的教育体制构建在两个理想的前提上,一是必须保证所有的人接受基础教育,但由于各州经济状况的不同而导致基础教育发展不平衡;一是必须保证所有人都有接受高等教育的权利和机会。美国教育体制下存在公助和私助两种办学模武,他们更强调教会学生创新和独立思考,一些学校正进行改革试验,并取得了一定成效。