大学专业课程成绩结构与质量分析--以生态学专业为例

课程成绩是考试成绩与平时成绩的综合,是衡量教学过程中教与学质量的重要手段。以2002级生态学专业四年课程成绩为实例,分析大学学生课程成绩的结构与质量,表明基础课和专业选修课成绩偏低、难度系数较大、区分度较好,专业课课程成绩偏高、难度系数较小、成绩较集中、不能反映学生的真实水平,专业基础课和专业选修课课程成绩结构与质量介于基础课和专业课之间。针对不同类型课程成绩结构与质量,建议加强课程教学过程与考试质量监控和成绩评定标准与保证体系建设。     

粤东地区中小学现代教育技术现状的调查与分析

基于对粤东地区中小学运用教育技术实际情况的调查，分析新课程要求教师应具备的教育技术能力，为确定中小学教师教育技术能力培训计划和高师《教育技术》公共课的教学目标和培养方案提供依据．     

Instructional Topics in Educational Measurement (ITEMS) Module: Using Automated Processes to Generate Test Items

Changes to the design and development of our educational assessments are resulting in the unprecedented demand for a large and continuous supply of content‐specific test items. One way to address this growing demand is with automatic item generation (AIG). AIG is the process of using item models to generate test items with the aid of computer technology. The purpose of this module is to describe and illustrate a template‐based method for generating test items. We outline a three‐step approach where test development specialists first create an item model. An item model is like a mould or rendering that highlights the features in an assessment task that must be manipulated to produce new items. Next, the content used for item generation is identified and structured. Finally, features in the item model are systematically manipulated with computer‐based algorithms to generate new items. Using this template‐based approach, hundreds or even thousands of new items can be generated with a single item model.     

Comparing cumulative index and factor analytic approaches to measuring maltreatment in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health

Child maltreatment is a complex and multifaceted construct in need of advanced statistical techniques to improve its measurement. The current study compared the predictive utility of a cumulative index to a factor analytic approach for constructing a measure of maltreatment. Data were from Waves III and IV of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Wave III: n = 14,800; Wave IV: n = 12,288). As adults, participants retrospectively reported on their childhood experiences of physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, physical neglect, supervisory neglect, and social services investigations. Both the cumulative index and a two-factor solution showed evidence of convergent validity, predicting lifetime incidence of homelessness, being paid for sex, and various measures of running away or living apart from biological parents, and prospectively predicting depression, substance use, and criminal behavior. The latent variables, derived from a factor analytic approach, had greater explanatory power for many outcomes compared to the cumulative index, even when controlling for sociodemographic variables. Results suggest that factor analysis is a better methodology than a cumulative index for measuring maltreatment in large datasets when explanatory power for external outcomes is of greatest concern.     

Reliability and Validity of Bookmark‐Based Methods for Standard Setting: Comparisons to Angoff‐Based Methods in the National Assessment of Educational Progress

Historically, Angoff‐based methods were used to establish cut scores on the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP). In 2005, the National Assessment Governing Board oversaw multiple studies aimed at evaluating the reliability and validity of Bookmark‐based methods via a comparison to Angoff‐based methods. As the Board considered adoption of Bookmark‐based methods, it considered several criteria, including reliability of the cut scores, validity of the cut scores as evidenced by comparability of results to those from Angoff, and procedural validity as evidenced by panelist understanding of the method tasks and instructions and confidence in the results. As a result of their review, a Bookmark‐based method was adopted for NAEP, and has been used since that time. This article goes beyond the Governing Board's initial evaluations to conduct a systematic review of 27 studies in NAEP research conducted over 15 years. This research is used to evaluate Bookmark‐based methods on key criteria originally considered by the Governing Board. Findings suggest that Bookmark‐based methods have comparable reliability, resulting cut scores, and panelist evaluations to Angoff. Given that Bookmark‐based methods are shorter in duration and less costly, Bookmark‐based methods may be preferable to Angoff for NAEP standard setting.     

From Planning to Implementation: An Examination of Changes in the Research Design,Sample Size,and Precision of Group Randomized Trials Launched by the Institute of Education Sciences

Abstract

This article examines changes in the research design, sample size, and precision between the planning phase and implementation phase of group randomized trials (GRTs) funded by the Institute of Education Sciences. Thirty-eight GRTs funded between 2002 and 2006 were examined. Three studies revealed changes in the experimental design. Ten studies showed decreases in the total number of groups randomized, whereas 18 studies showed increases. In five cases, the decreases in the number of groups randomized were large enough to decrease the precision of the study. However, in the majority of the studies, the precision was relatively unchanged from planning phase to implementation phase. The consistency in the precision between the planning phase and implementation phase highlights the importance of planning adequately powered studies.     

把握高考改革方向注重地理能力和价值观的培养--从2001年高考文科综合能力测试(天津卷)地理试题谈起

2001年高考地理试题的特点是：贴近现实地理问题，突出考查学生运用地理知识，分析，判断，解决地是问题的能力和价值观，体现地理知识的应用性，高考改革确定的核心是考查综合思维能力，重点是学科内综合思维能力，而学科知识的考查略逊。为此，地理复习要重视初中地理在分析，解放地理问题中的背景作用和工具作用；重视提高应用睦理概念、原理和规律解决实际剖的能力；重视培养可持续发展的思维观念；改善复习策略和教学方法。     

“They Even Speak Tsotsitaal with Their Teachers at School”: The Use (and Abuse) of African Urban Youth Languages in Educational Contexts

Abstract

African Urban Youth Languages (AUYLs) are increasingly coming under the spotlight of linguists and sociolinguists across the continent, who are investigating their relationship to standard and/or vernacular varieties. Simultaneously, they are being discussed by educators and education researchers, although little has yet been published in this critical area. The difficulties for educators posed by students speaking “non-standard” varieties has been highlighted by recent studies investigating literacy and language in the classroom. This article presents an overview of some of the challenges posed to education by AUYLs. It considers recent studies of AUYLs in educational contexts from around the continent. It then presents data from South Africa which highlights different orientations towards the South African AUYL “Tsotsitaal” in educational domains. The argument is made that the position of both teachers and pupils is vulnerable, and that the legitimacy of the distinction between standard language and urban vernacular language needs to be reconsidered.     

美国高校教师研究产出影响因素的实证分析——基于2004年美国高校教师调查

本文基于美国高校教师调查(NSOPF,2004)的数据,使用描述统计和多元线性回归分析的方法对美国高校教师研究产出的影响因素进行了归纳。研究表明:美国高校教师研究产出受到职称身份、所在高校类型、学科领域、最高学位、获最高学位年限、教学或研究时间投入、性别以及出生地等因素的影响。其中,最高学位获得年限、教授职称和所在院校类型对美国高校教师研究产出的影响尤为显著。     

坚持政治性与学理性统一,探究思政课教学方式转变--以2019年高考(天津卷)文科综合思想政治部分为例

结合高中思想政治课评价标准的变革,围绕"坚持政治性与学理性相统一"主题,以2019年高考(天津卷)文科综合思想政治部分为载体,对高中思想政治课教学方式的转变进行初步探索,并提出坚定政治认同、创新教学方式、坚守主流价值观等教学改进建议。