浅谈田径训练中运动员的情绪调控

田径是普通高校大学生代表队进行课外训练的一个基本项目．运动员情绪的好坏,对田径训练效果起着重要的作用．本文根据情绪产生的规律和田径训练中队员的情绪特点结合训练实践中大学生运动员产生消极情绪的常见原因,有针对性地提出了调整措施,以使他们摆脱消极情绪,提高训练素质和效果。     

对田径训练中运动员情绪调控的研究

田径是普通高校大学生代表队进行课外训练的一个基本项目。运动员情绪的好坏,对田径训练效果起着重要的作用。文章运用文献资料法根据情绪产生的规律和田径训练中队员的情绪特点,结合训练实践中大学生运动员产生消极情绪的常见原因,有针对性地提出了调整措施,以使他们摆脱消极情绪,提高训练素质和效果。     

升级

驱赶消极情绪比赛进程千变万化是网球的最大魅力,不到比赛结束,任何情况都有可能发生。比赛中,即使像费德勒、莎拉波娃这样的顶级球员,都会有情绪上的变化,跟其他选手不同的是,这些超级巨星都是情绪管理高手,当情绪低落时,会在很短的时间内平复下来。这一点,对于业余选手来说,同样具有极强的借鉴意义。以下方法可以有效帮助你驱赶比赛中的消极情绪。1)进行心理暗示。一旦产生消极想法,可以通过深呼吸、讲一些自我激励的话来暗示自己冷静下来,集中注意力投入到接下来的比赛     

太极拳运动对情绪的影响及其作用原理的分析

运用心理学理论就太极拳运动对情绪的影响及其作用原理进行了分析。认为：①太极拳运动通过生物反馈途径影响人的情绪；②通过太极拳运动使锻炼者进入流畅体验和暂时解脱的状态来影响人的情绪；③太极拳运动通过保持和改善神经系统机能状况来影响人的情绪；④通过太极拳运动中生动形象的动作，可使锻炼者的消极情绪得到宣泄和排遣；⑤通过长期的太极拳练习．可以使练习者的思维更加合理、情操得到陶冶。     

击剑运动员消极情绪产生的原因

辽宁省击剑队的一些男子佩剑运动员训练水平较高，但始终未能取得好成绩。究其原因，主要是赛前情绪不稳定产生的消极情绪所致。在竞技状态中，积极的情绪能使运动员精力充沛、自信心增强、动作协调、思堆敏捷、判断准确；而消极的情绪则会使运动员自信心减弱、动作犹豫、判断失误。     

试论排球运动员的智力训练

排球运动中对运动员进行智力训练的目的就是要使运动员在比赛中具有活跃、清晰和冷静的思维，准确和客观的判断；要有高涨的情绪但又不能头脑发热；要有完成每一套技、战术的高度集中的注意力；要有步骤地实施自己的策略和灵活多变地调整相应的手法。组织变化莫测的战术以攻克对手弱点，以智取胜。要达到以上目的离不开以下一系列重要环节的训练。     

训练中调节情绪的方法

一、运动训练中的消极情绪及产生原因 在运动训练过程中,由于种种主观和客观的原因,影响着学生的情绪,干扰甚至破坏了正常的训练。这种影响正常训练的情绪,可以通称为消极情绪。消极情绪有的来自学生内在因素,如训练目的、动机不明确,身体疲劳等。有的来自客观条件,如气候条件不适,训练内容单调、训练方法枯燥等。有的则是突发性的,如突然听到一个不好的消息,突然发生了一件不愉快的事情等等。凡此种种,都可以使学生产生消极情绪,严重的消极情绪会导致学生心理上的障碍,对训练极为不     

体育运动领域情绪研究述评

在对体育运动领域中情绪研究进行归纳和分析后,认为体育运动领域中情绪研究的基本特征是:重消极情绪研究,轻积极情绪研究;重主观评价,轻客观评价;重个体情绪,轻团队情绪;重运动员研究,轻教练员研究。同时,对体育运动领域未来情绪研究进行了展望:积极情绪应作为体育运动领域中消极情绪研究的补充;团队情绪应成为体育社会心理学中的一个重要研究问题;情绪评价应结合现代认知神经科学研究方法与技术。     

短道速滑运动员起跑心理状态的调整

比赛中短道速滑的起跑,对于整个比赛的过程和最终取得成绩起着至关重要的作用。运动员起跑时不良起跑心理状态表现为训练和比赛动机障碍、过度紧张性情绪障碍、焦虑性情绪障碍、抑制障碍,提出采取消除紧张情绪、消除焦虑和畏惧情绪、生物反馈法、集中注意力、念动训练法等方法与手段调整运动员赛前的心理状态。     

大学生冰上课教学过程中消极情绪状态的控制

冰上教学是北方高等学校体育教学的重要组成部分，由于受各种因素影响必然会引起部分学生情绪状态的变化，体育教师如何控制学生的消极情绪状态，对于完成冰上课的教学内容和任务十分必要。从控制消极情绪状态的意义、手段方法和教学建议3个方面阐述了大学生冰上教学过程中体育教师对消极情绪状态的控制．仅供参考。     

Carbohydrate ingestion improves endurance performance during a 1h simulated cycling time trial

This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue.     

Science and medicine of rowing: A review

The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae.     

我国体育市场管理法规研究

采用调查法和比较法对全国体育市场立法和管理现状进行调查,对部分较早出台并有一定代表性的省市的体育市场管理法规的立法和管理情况进行了研究,提出了体育市场管理立法和管理的原则、基本程序、措施及其一般模式,为规范全国体育市场管理提供参考依据。     

重新认识体育的社会关联

体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。     

上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点探析

本文在专家访谈、问卷调查、数理统计和文献资料分析的基础上,探析了上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点、参与者对社区体育赛事运作管理的看法等问题。在此基础上从引进社区体育赛事的志愿者、整合社区体育赛事的各种资源、开发社区体育竞赛的无形资产、组建非营利性的专业团队、规范社区体育赛事的服务管理等方面提出了进一步满足上海社区居民日益增长的体育竞赛参赛需求的对策与措施。     

对全面把握游泳训练环节的探讨

从系统观点出发,结合训练实践,对全面把握游泳训练环节进行探讨。认为应强化非智力因素在运动员多年训练中的作用,在育材全过程中不断选材,从整体上把握动态训练的全过程,把培养高水平运动员的整个过程置于一个严格的科学控制之下。     

我国优秀游泳运动员出发技术辅助训练的研究

为改进我国优秀游泳运动员的出发技术,采用观测和实验方法,通过拍摄运动员陆上和水下出发技术录像以及出发计时,对出发技术进行运动生物力学诊断和分析。在此基础上,根据运动员自身特点和不同泳姿提出相应的入水启动方式,并研制出发训练辅助器材,对出发预备姿势、腾起角度以及飞行远度和入水角进行控制。实践证明:这是一种快捷、有效的出发技术辅助训练方法。     

运动性呼吸肌疲劳与耐力性项目的运动能力

影响和限制耐力性运动项目的成绩的生理因素是复杂的和多方面的,取决于训练的强度和运动成绩.大强度持续性运动可导致呼吸肌疲劳.运动性呼吸疲劳可能在决定运动耐量方面起到关键的作用：一方面通过直接影响运动肌力量的生成（外周疲劳）,另一方面,通过肢体用力自感不安反馈引起工作肌运动单位输出功率下降（中枢疲劳）.对呼吸肌进行训练,可能有助于提高耐力性项目的运动成绩.     

Identifying home advantage in international tennis and golf tournaments

A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international ‘grand-slam’ tennis and ‘major’ golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tournaments held in 1993. The only possible evidence of home advantage was found in the Wimbledon tennis and the US Open golf championships. Even these findings can be explained, at least partially, by (1) the availability of information concerning the low world rankings of the British tennis players competing at Wimbledon, and (2) selective entry, allowing only the world's top-ranked foreign golfers into the US open golf tournament. In both cases, the lower ranking home competitors have a greater opportunity to perform above their anticipated world rankings. Therefore, provided entry into tennis and golf tournaments is truly ‘open’ to both the host nation's representatives and foreign competitors alike, home advantage does not appear to be a major factor influencing the competitors' performance in such competitions. These findings may be explained by the relatively objective nature of the scoring systems used in tennis and golf, unlike the subjective influence of refereeing decisions on the results of team-games such as soccer.     

对欧洲足球技战术发展趋势的思考

结合欧洲足球技战术的发展特点,就鲁能泰山足球队的体能训练、技术训练、防守阵型、进攻方式、定位球、职业态度、球星培养等诸方面所存在的不足进行了分析,提出相应的改进意见。