信息时代医院图书馆信息服务新探

论述在网络环境下医院图书馆用户及信息需求的结构变化，决定了医院图书馆服务对象、信息服务内容、服务手段与管理机制。指出目前医院图书馆开展信息服务存在的障碍，提出了在信息时代医院图书馆开展信息服务的途径及对策。     

Information-seeking behavior of basic science researchers: implications for library services

Objectives:

This study examined the information-seeking behaviors of basic science researchers to inform the development of customized library services.

Methods:

A qualitative study using semi-structured interviews was conducted on a sample of basic science researchers employed at a university medical school.

Results:

The basic science researchers used a variety of information resources ranging from popular Internet search engines to highly technical databases. They generally relied on basic keyword searching, using the simplest interface of a database or search engine. They were highly collegial, interacting primarily with coworkers in their laboratories and colleagues employed at other institutions. They made little use of traditional library services and instead performed many traditional library functions internally.

Conclusions:

Although the basic science researchers expressed a positive attitude toward the library, they did not view its resources or services as integral to their work. To maximize their use by researchers, library resources must be accessible via departmental websites. Use of library services may be increased by cultivating relationships with key departmental administrative personnel. Despite their self-sufficiency, subjects expressed a desire for centralized information about ongoing research on campus and shared resources, suggesting a role for the library in creating and managing an institutional repository.

Highlights

• Basic science researchers rely on a small network of individuals in their institution and at other institutions to satisfy their information needs.
• Basic science researchers tend to ignore institutional boundaries when searching for information and do not necessarily view the library as the primary source of scholarly information.
• Basic science researchers use the interlibrary loan service regularly but otherwise rarely use traditional library services such as mediated literature searching and instruction.

Implications

• The library must establish a presence in researchers'' work environments, rather than expect them to seek out library resources and services.
• The increased emphasis by funding agencies on clinical translational science may impact the information needs of basic science researchers in the future.
• Libraries have an opportunity to capitalize on their positive reputation and basic scientists'' desire for more centralized information to create new information resources and services such as institutional repositories.

     

基于信息集群:图书馆组织架构研究

分析了图书馆现有组织体系的弊端和集群组织结构形式的优势,提出了图书馆信息集群组织结构模型。建议在有关部门的统一领导与协调下,各系统图书馆组成实质性信息集群共同体,这是解决彼此之间条块分割的有效途径。     

基于DCOM技术的图书馆分布式检索系统LDRS的开发

目前国内外图书馆信息管理系统的检索系统一般都是基于CöS 的体系结构, 并且有的还采用了COM 技术, 使系统能保护图书馆已有的软硬件资源, 并且其可维护性也有了很大提高。在此基础上, 我们采用当前在许多企业应用系统中流行的分布式技术—DCOM 技术来开发了一个图书馆分布式检索系统, 简称LDRS, 该系统在可扩展性、稳定性、负载平衡性、容错性等方面都比原有的检索系统得到了增强, 能更好的满足未来大量的读者访问需求。     

欧洲国家的图书馆政策研究

欧洲国家图书馆政策制定的形式包括图书馆立法、行政法规、行业发展规划、行业内部政策与规范。政策涉及的主要领域有公共图书馆设置标准、经费保障、图书馆服务、古籍保存、数字资源长期保存、开放存取、信息资源共建共享及其他与图书馆相关的呈缴本制度、版权政策等。欧洲图书馆政策的价值取向体现为保障公民平等自由获取信息的权利、完整保存本国的知识记录和文献资源、提升在信息领域的国家竞争力,以及促进信息资源的共建共享。表1。参考文献26。     

创新理念引领下的公共图书馆服务网络——以东南沿海城市公共图书馆为例

通过对我国东南沿海部分城市的公共图书馆基于保障公民文化权利、信息获取权利以及优化配置信息资源、系统观建设信息资源体系等创新理念进行的一系列图书馆服务网络建设探索的初步梳理,展现当前我国公共图书馆建设顺应世界城市图书馆发展潮流、完善公共文化服务网络的发展趋势,并从这些实践中总结出图书馆服务网络拓展中应重视的几个问题。     

Access Services

Abstract

Recent library innovations, such as integrated library systems, access to electronic resources, emphasis on patrons' information needs in all formats, renewed interest in quality library services, and the expanded responsibilities of circulation departments have resulted in the merging of certain library functions into a new unit called access services. For this paper, access services is defined as those library functions that facilitate patron access to library information. The focus of this general review is on authoritative monographic and selected journal literature on access services and the various components of access services that was published between the years 1990 and 1999. Pertinent literature published prior to 1990 is reviewed as deemed appropriate. Literature addressing emerging trends in access services is also reviewed.     

Trends in hospital librarianship and hospital library services: 1989 to 2006

Objective:

The research studied the status of hospital librarians and library services to better inform the Medical Library Association''s advocacy activities.

Methods:

The Vital Pathways Survey Subcommittee of the Task Force on Vital Pathways for Hospital Librarians distributed a web-based survey to hospital librarians and academic health sciences library directors. The survey results were compared to data collected in a 1989 survey of hospital libraries by the American Hospital Association in order to identify any trends in hospital libraries, roles of librarians, and library services. A web-based hospital library report form based on the survey questions was also developed to more quickly identify changes in the status of hospital libraries on an ongoing basis.

Results:

The greatest change in library services between 1989 and 2005/06 was in the area of access to information, with 40% more of the respondents providing access to commercial online services, 100% more providing access to Internet resources, and 28% more providing training in database searching and use of information resources. Twenty-nine percent (n = 587) of the 2005/06 respondents reported a decrease in staff over the last 5 years.

Conclusions:

Survey data support reported trends of consolidation of hospitals and hospital libraries and additions of new services. These services have likely required librarians to acquire new skills. It is hoped that future surveys will be undertaken to continue to study these trends.

Highlights

• Data support reported trends in the decrease in the number of hospitals and hospital libraries.
• About 44.0% of hospitals had some level of onsite library service in 1989, compared with between 33.5% and 29.1% of hospitals in 2005/06.
• More electronic services and resources, such as Internet access and online materials, are being offered by hospital libraries, in addition to more traditional services
• Library staffing appears to be more unstable today than in 1989, with more libraries reporting a decrease in the number of staff.

Implications

• Hospital libraries continue to change in response to changes in the health care environment as health care administrators respond to financial pressures, library staff are downsized, degreed librarian positions are eliminated, and reporting structures change.
• MLA must continue to track the status of hospital librarians and libraries in light of the changing environment with surveys and other means, in partnership with others such as the National Network of Libraries of Medicine.

     

高校图书馆发展数字资源馆藏的调查研究

本研究调查了三种不同类型的群体（学生、教师、馆员）对图书馆发展数字资源馆藏的看法。结果显示:高校图书馆应积极发展数字资源馆藏;应加大力度整理网络可检索资源;资料类型是选择电子资源的重要参考因素。分析结果还表明:读者与图书馆员在“获取”与“收藏”、馆藏量大小以及付费利用数字资源等方面的看法有明显差异。     

中美公共图书馆政府信息服务的差距分析

公共图书馆作为政府信息公开体系中的"新元素",在缩小数字鸿沟、保障全社会对政府信息资源的公平获取方面发挥着举足轻重的作用。由于我国政府信息公开起步较晚,公共图书馆自身发展严重不平衡,所以现阶段我国公共图书馆政府信息服务远未达到发达国家水平。究其原因,我国在法律政策保障、实施机制、设施资源、馆员队伍等方面同美国相比还存在着较大差距。     

Health Information and Health Literacy: Public Library Practices,Challenges, and Opportunities

This study investigated 18 libraries in two public library systems in Oklahoma to find out how they are addressing health literacy and facilitating access to consumer health information; how library staff members view their roles and responsibilities relative to health information and health literacy; what challenges libraries face; and what strategies are being used. Staff members recognized several challenges to providing health information and to developing programs, including staff and patron difficulties with reference interviews, and patron lack of awareness of library resources. Staff members often had only a partial understanding of health literacy, and were unaware of system strategies to address health literacy or provision of health information.     

创建“我们所需要的Web网”

Web网是个巨大的、杂乱无章的数据库,图书馆的任务就是要将其变为我们所需要的Web网－－一个数字化的图书馆。它必须具备五个要素;有选择的馆藏,便利的、开放性的检索途径,组织化的资料,珍品收藏和用户助手     

高校图书馆区域共用平台的建设及启示--以香港地区JULAC为例

图书馆用户对资源需求无限性和对资源获取便捷性的永恒追求,已成为促进图书馆"转化"和"生长"的两大驱动力。传统单馆的图书馆管理系统,或是数字图书馆联盟的管理系统,已无法满足用户的需求。图书馆区域共用平台通过整体规划以及联盟成员馆之间的分工协调,使图书馆之间完全打破限制和阻碍,共享集信息查询、合作编目、协调采购、联合存储、馆际互借、资源发现等为一体的全业务流程,形成覆盖面广、利用方便的生态信息资源管理系统。本文以香港地区八所高校组成的区域性图书馆联盟JULAC为例,阐述区域图书馆共用平台的建设概况和意义。区域共用平台能够加深资源的共建共享,便于联盟成员在同一平台上进行馆藏开发和深度合作,促进馆藏建设由微观向宏观方向发展,使得资源配置更趋优化合理、馆际合作更加全面深入,在资源共享、管理共享、服务共享的基础上,也更大地促进了图书馆共享理念的创新发展。JULAC共用平台的建设模式、共享方式以及业务、人员整合经验等都可为我国其他地区的图书馆共用平台建设提供借鉴。参考文献19。     

The ethical implications of health sciences library economics

The intersection of ethics and economics is rarely discussed in the library literature or at conferences. This may be due, in part, to what economists describe as a romantic value system, that is, the belief that resources are or should be unlimited and available for exploitation by every individual with a need. But recent changes in the national economy for libraries are forcing a realization that individualistic codes of ethics and value systems do not always result in socially desirable consequences. The problems of information management and access cannot be solved by ethical individuals acting alone. Instead, a new consensus is needed on collective ethical behaviors to ensure that health information resources are managed for the common good.     

Adapting IAIMS to a hospital library level

The Children's Hospital of Michigan Medical Library has adapted several of the Integrated Academic Information Management Systems (IAIMS) concepts and implemented them at a hospital library level. These have included features of network development, electronic interfacing and interlinking, and implementing an integrated information system in the library. The library has incorporated several information systems into library operations, including a variety of in-house, local, and national automated systems and telecommunication networks. Hospital libraries can incorporate IAIMS features and promote an institutional framework of interconnecting communication systems and electronic linkages.     

医院图书馆与社区互动的启示

医院图书馆已成为社区居民获取医学信息资源的重要渠道。在介绍医院图书馆为社区服务现状的基础上,从建立社区卫生服务的信息支持系统、拓宽社区医疗服务职能以及增强馆藏资源的文化功能3个方面,深入阐述了新时期医院图书馆与社区互动带给医务工作者的启示。     

浅论图书馆信息资源整合模式及其实现技术

在飞速发展的网络环境下,图书馆的信息资源只有通过有效的整合形成结构化、有序化的资源系统,并建立统一的访问和检索路径,才能被用户充分利用.文章通过对相关资料的分析研究,总结出图书馆信息资源的整合模式,探讨了实现信息资源整合的相关技术.     

网络环境下图书馆信息伦理探析

网络环境对图书馆信息伦理产生了重要影响。与传统图书馆伦理相比，网络环境下图书馆信息伦理的内涵和特点均有了很大变化。保证用户平等公正地获取图书馆信息资源、保护用户信息隐私、杜绝馆员滥用信息权力是网络环境下图书馆信息伦理建设的主要任务。为此图书馆需要在资源、制度、交流、监督、教育等多个方面加强和改进工作。     

Recommended core collection of Web sites for hospital libraries

Core lists of recommended resources have long been used as selection tools for collection development in hospital libraries. However, hospital librarians now rely on the Internet for access to up-to-date information to supplement materials available within their libraries. Many libraries now either maintain a library Web page or provide input for their institution's Web page. The difficulty is determining what sites to include on their page. This article is a basic guide to recommended links for hospital libraries. It is intended as a starting place for hospital librarians who wish to create (or add to) a Web page of good links to be used for answering reference questions, or as a list for library users. The list is available as a link from the Sharp Health Science Library Web page where it will be updated at least annually. Links will be checked on a regular basis.