Bibliographic standards

Among the standards most important to librarians and their clients are bibliographic standards, which focus on providing bibliographic data in machine-readable form to facilitate technical processing of acquisitions, cataloging, and sharing of these data among libraries. Beacher Wiggins discusses bibliographic standards in general and then focuses on the Cooperative Online Serials Program—CONSER—a cooperative program for bibliographic control that is now more than a decade old.     

Telecommunication standards

Little more than a decade ago, a discussion of telecommunication standards would have been out of place in a journal issue devoted to publishing standards. Now, however, such standards are crucial, since authors, libraries, and publishers all communicate electronically. Ray Denenberg sets out in detail the standards that apply to the use of modems, public data networks, local area networks, and computer-to-computer communication.     

General library standards

Paul Evan Peters begins his discussion of library standards with a convincing argument that the acceptance by librarians of the need for order and standards is not a character flaw. Rather, in promoting the use of standards, librarians are efficiently forwarding their missions to build and organize collections and to make them accessible to their clients. Pointing out the economic realities of contemporary libraries, Peters further argues that standards are appealing because they help librarians to control costs. Paul Evan Peters, systems coordinator for the New York Public Library, is vice chairperson of the National Information Standards Organization and principal representative of the American Library Association to Accredited Standards Committee X3 (Information Processing Systems). Address for correspondence.     

数字图书馆的评价标准

本文分析了目前对数字图书馆建设理解上的偏差，对与之有关的方案和系统评价问题进行了有益的探讨，并提出了其系统构成和技术方面的若干评价标准。     

Toward hospital library standards in Canada

A report is given on Canadian hospital library standards as recently developed and incorporated in a new Guide to Hospital Accreditation, 1977. The new Canadian standards are compared with MLA recommendations to the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals. Their development is sketched and the contribution from Quebec of a model of hospital classification is examined. This model provides differential minimal library standards based on the function of the hospital rather than on its size alone. Use of these minimal standards as a practical means of developing hospital libraries is discussed and their implications for accreditation visits are underlined.     

Spatial data standards and information policy

Federal information policies, in general, have recognized the importance of open access to the digital data holdings of the government. Such policies have been supported by the Clinton administration's investment in a National Information Infrastructure. Recently, reports by the National Academy of Sciences and by the Vice President's National Performance Review have endorsed the creation of a National Spatial Data Infrastructure that will provide the spatial framework for the geographic data on the information superhighway. The success of such an enterprise will require the development of a suite of spatial data standards and policy tools. Existing standards, development activities, and mechanisms are described. Some of the policy challenges are unique to spatial data.     

论编辑的出版规范意识

出版规范是编者与作者、读者之间约定俗成的文化传播符号。编辑在出版规范化方面 ,起着特有的缔约者和组织创造的作用。随着科学技术的发展和现代文化交流的加速扩容 ,某些规范在不断地修订和改革。媒体的特征就是以符号为中介 ,沟通作者与读者之间的文化交流 ,符号的规范化、标准化也是编辑出版活动最基本的特征     

Serials standards work: the next frontier

Serials, one of the more complicated areas of library technical endeavors, has lacked the benefit of standards for a long time. Even now, with standards beginning to be available, the majority of institutions are not working within standard serials formats. A survey to determine the use of serials standards in libraries was conducted in 1988 by the American Library Association, Resources and Technical Services Division, Serials Section, Committee to Study Serials Standards. In the spring of 1988 a survey was sent to a group encompassing the Association of Research Libraries members, CONSER participants, United States Newspaper Program participants, Microform Project libraries, and some vendors and librarians who attended the Committee meetings on a regular basis. The survey questionnaire assessed the current level of serials standards awareness of librarians and vendors. Topics included the type of serials systems used, standards relevant to serials control and union listing and whether or not they are implemented, types and levels of training staff received in the application of standards, benefits of the standards, and areas where standards are most needed.     

Convergence toward common standards in machine-readable cataloging

The adoption of the MARC II format for the communication of bibliographic information by the three National Libraries of the U.S.A. makes it possible for those libraries to converge on the remaining necessary common standards for machine-readable cataloging.THREE LEVELS OF STANDARDS ARE IDENTIFIED: fundamental, the character set; intermediate, MARC II; and detailed, the codes for identifying data elements.The convergence on these standards implies that the National Libraries can create and operate a Joint Bibliographic Data Bank requiring standard book numbers and universal serial numbers for identifying monographs and serials and that the system will thoroughly process contributed catalog entries before adding them to the Data Bank. There is reason to hope that the use of the MARC II format will facilitate catalogers' decision processes.     

International

QUIET REVOLUTION: CABLE TELEVISION COMES TO CENTRAL EUROPE by Tom Fenton (Freedom Forum Media Studies Center, Columbia University, 2950 Broadway, New York, NY 10027—free on request, paper, no ISBN given, 81 pp.)

BROADCASTING IN THE MALAY WORLD: RADIO, TELEVISION, AND VIDEO IN BRUNEI, INDONESIA, MALAYSIA, AND SINGAPORE by Drew O. McDaniel (Norwood, NJ: Ablex, 1994—$49.50/22.50, ISBN 1–56750–070–6 hard, 1–56750–071–4 soft, 352 pp.)

FITCE FORUM (Kormos Publications, V. Sellountos and Z. Gouma Ltd., Stoumari 15, 106 83 Athens, Greece—price not given, ISSN 1106–2975, quarterly)

BOOKS FROM COMMED (CommEd Ltd., 14 Glen View, Halifax, England HX1 2YL)     

Statistics,standards, and electronic media

The author describes the need for statistical information gathering and standard definitions for electronic publication. Data on nonprint products will soon be available for some sectors of the industry, but as data gathering expands, the difficulties of consistency increase. At some point, the desire to complile data on the use of electronic publications may conflict with the user’s privacy rights.     

论行业标准与GB 3100～3102-93

以若干个我国建材行业的标准为例,分析它们与GB 3100～310293<量和单位>的不符之处,认为这种不符之处乃是造成目前建材行业科技论文中量符号使用仍较为混乱的根源之一.同样地,其他行业的标准也存在类似情况.并认为,行业标准应与GB 3100～310293<量和单位>统一,才可正本清源,以避免不必要的分歧.     

理想电子古籍的标准

图书的数字化制作是不可阻挡的发展趋势,对此发展大势,图书出版机构、图书管理机构及各级图书馆应该有清醒的认识。电子图书还没有统一的质量标准。电子图书的质量标准不能搞一刀切,也不可能是一成不变的。不同的图书类型,不同的读者对象,应该有不同的质量标准。本文认为学术需要的理想电子古籍应符合五项标准,即：1）文本可靠;2）僻字能正常显示;3）每一种书都有版本信息,提供数字文本与图版文本互相对照的功能;4）检索程序功能完善;5）能很好地兼容常用字处理软件。目前制作的电子古籍软件都达不到这些标准,有待努力。