平板运动跑台和场地环境测试走、跑运动能量消耗的比较研究

目的:通过平板运动跑台和场地两种不同的测试方法,对我国成年男性走、跑过程中的气体代谢和能量消耗进行比较。方法:15名成年男性在平板运动跑台和场地完成4.8km/h、6.4 km/h、8.0 km/h三个速度的走、跑运动,使用Cortex MetaMax 3 B测定走、跑过程中的气体代谢指标变化并进行统计分析。结果:走、跑时平板运动跑台测试和场地测试之间气体指标、心率和能量消耗指标有明显差异。两种测试方法得来的数据存在线性相关。使用ICC系数和Bland-Altman法分析表明两种测试方法有非常显著的一致性和相关性。结论:相同速度下平板运动跑台走、跑和场地走、跑的能量消耗差异显著,只有直接测量场地走、跑的能量消耗才能反映日常生活中和体育健身活动中走、跑运动的真实状况。应用直线回归分析建立了平板运动跑台测试和场地测试两种方法之间的转换推导公式,根据跑台测试结果推算场地测试耗氧量和能量消耗,但由于样本量较少,该公式还需要进一步增加样本量进行验证。     

太极拳运动对男大学生气体代谢影响的研究

采用运动心肺遥测仪,对10名长期练习太极拳的武术学院学生和10名体育教育专业学生,进行24式太极拳运动前、运动中、运动后的心肺功能测试,研究太极拳运动对男大学生气体代谢的影响.主要研究结论:1)长期太极拳运动可以促进运动后糖的恢复,改善能量消耗结构;还可以使控制心脏活动的迷走神经作用加强,交感神经的作用减弱,从而降低安静时心率,提高心室每搏输出量;2)运动中指标值与运动前和运动后相比更能体现出长期练习太极拳对男大学生肺通气、肺换气等功能的积极影响;3)太极拳运动中,随着呼吸频率的增加,CO2呼出量相对于摄氧量增加更加明显;4)运动过程中和运动后的恢复期,身体对氧的利用率有所减弱;5)安静状态时,心率与摄氧量、CO2呼出量、呼吸商大小无关,运动过程中,心率与摄氧量、CO2呼出量、呼吸商存在正相关关系,相关系数分别为0.446、0.469、0.582;6)太极拳运动中,实验组潮气量与氧脉搏正相关关系较对照组强,表现出的心肺功能也更强.     

不同体重人群爬楼梯过程中能量消耗的测定

通过测试不同体重人群爬楼梯过程中的能量消耗特点,建立中国国民体力活动能量消耗常模,指导大众健身.选取中国健康成年人作为研究人群,根据不同性别、体重进行分组,利用便携式心肺功能仪(德国CORTEX MetaMax 3B)测试受试者爬楼梯过程中的耗氧量、通气量、心率、呼吸商、氧脉搏等指标进而计算出能量消耗.研究结果显示,爬楼梯过程中能量消耗随着体重的增大而逐渐增大,单位体重能量消耗随体重增大而逐渐减小,男性单位体重能量消耗明显大子女性,上楼过程所消耗的能量是下楼过程的一倍左右.     

常见便携式遥测气体代谢仪核心测量指标的信度和效度分析

现代社会生活方式的改变,给人类健康带来极大的威胁。通过增加日常体力活动量（约占总能量消耗量的20%）,可以有效减少和控制慢性非传染性疾病的发生和发展,减轻社会医疗负担。便携式遥测气体代谢仪可测量自由状态下的体力活动量,因而被广泛应用于智能手机、可穿戴和虚拟现实设备的开发和应用,以及竞技体育科研等健康促进领域的研究,目前对便携式遥测气体代谢仪准确的使用范围知之不深。本文对常见的几种便携式遥测气体代谢仪（包括：Cosmed K4b2、Metamax 3B/VmaxST、Oxycon Mobile、VO2000）在不同环境、不同条件下测量的信度和效度及其核心指标VO2、VCO2和VE进行分析,以期为相关的研究和应用提供参考。     

不同速度自行车骑行气体代谢与能量消耗研究

目的：通过测定自行车4种不同骑速时的人体能量消耗,分析能耗特点,提出适宜不同人群有氧健身锻炼为目的骑行速度和方案。方法：以100名年轻健康人群和7名老年骑游队员为实验对象,采用CORTEX-3B便携式气体代谢分析仪对受试者10 km/h、13 km/h、15 km/h、18 km/h 4种不同速度自行车骑行的能量消耗进行测试,每个速度测试6 min,取最后2 min稳态数据。结果：（1）无论男女,随着骑行速度的增加,心率（HR）、摄氧量（VO2）、能耗（EE）、代谢当量（METs）等指标均逐渐上升,当骑速从15 km/h增加到18 km/h时,上升最明显,且METs值超过6;（2）相同骑速时,男性VO2、EE均高于女性,而男女之间相对摄氧量（VO2/kg）、相对能耗（EE/kg）、METs均无明显差异;（3）10~15 km/h骑速时,男女之间呼吸商（R）值无明显差异,18 km/h时,女性R值高于男性且超过1;（4）无论男女,13~15 km/h骑行时,大部分受试者属于中等强度运动。（5）10 km/h骑速时,超重人群的VO2/kg、EE/kg、METs均明显低于低体重和正常体重两类人群,13~18 km/h时,上述指标总体表现为低体重人群＞正常人群＞超重人群。结论：（1）相同骑速时,男性能耗水平大于女性,超重人群＞正常人群＞低体重人群;单位体重下,男女之间能耗水平无明显差异,低体重人群＞正常人群＞超重人群。（2）男性15~18 km/h,女性13~15 km/h可以作为中等强度有氧锻炼骑行速度的参考标准,但在具体实践过程中也应考虑年龄、超重/肥胖、锻炼水平等个体差异。（3）建议在适宜速度下,每周骑行5次,每次至少30 min连续骑行,并且保持长期骑行锻炼的习惯。     

跑台运动中运动员能量消耗的3种测试方法的比较研究

目的比较IC法与心率法能量消耗的差异,以IC法为标准建立Actigraph GT3X+三轴加速度计法能量消耗的预测方程,寻找一种科学简便的运动员能量消耗测评方法。方法优秀重剑、现代五项运动员30名,运用Cosmed Quark PFT运动心肺功能仪监测能量消耗、摄氧量、心率,三轴加速度计记录加速度计数。结果 (1)IC法所测能量消耗与加速度计数ACz、VM、心率及心率法能量消耗均相关(P<0.01);(2)小、中等运动强度心率法能量消耗显著高于IC法(P<0.01),大运动强度下两者无显著性差异(P>0.05),极大运动强度心率法能量消耗显著低于IC法(P<0.01);(3)以20名运动员为对象,ACz和体质量、VM和体质量为自变量建立加速度计法能量消耗方程,以另外10名运动员为对象验证方程的准确性,所建方程的预测值与实测值之间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论 (1)采用的心率法能量消耗较为准确地预测70%-90%VO2max(大强度)跑台运动的能量消耗,高估中小强度、低估极大强度跑台运动的能量消耗;(2)三轴加速度计可以预测运动员能量消耗,所建分段加速度能耗预测方程适用于类似本研究方案的跑台运动。     

运动健身能量消耗简易测量方法的效度研究

目的:使用SWA传感器测量跑台走跑和实地自行车运动时的能量消耗,并与间接测热法测量结果相比较,对SWA测量运动健身时能量消耗的有效性进行研究,为传感器的准确应用提供参考。方法:15名成年男性在平板运动跑台完成4.8km/h、6.4km/h、8.0km/h 3个速度的走、跑运动,并在室内完成10km/h、13km/h、15km/h的场地自行车运动,使用SWA(两个软件版本V6.1、V7.0)和间接测热法预测运动时的能量消耗,对预测数据进行配对t检验、回归分析、相关性分析、ICC系数以及Bland-Altman一致性检验。结果:1)SWA 6.1高估了跑台走跑(高估1%)和实地自行车运动(高估9%)的能量消耗,但相关性和一致性较好(r=0.91,ICC=0.91)。2)SWA 7.0高估了跑台走跑(高估325%)和实地自行车运动(高估357%)的能量消耗,其与IC预测能量消耗的差值随着强度的增加而增大,但两者之间的相关性较好(r=0.91),一致性在可接受的范围之内(ICC=0.44),且SWA 7.0预测走跑能量消耗时与IC的一致性大于预测自行车运动能量消耗与IC的一致性。结论:SWA传感器预测的运动健身能量消耗值远远大于间接测热法预测的能量消耗,且预测的能量消耗差值随着运动速度的增加而不断增加,与该传感器旧版本高估低强度运动能量消耗和低估高强度能量消耗有所不同,但预估的能量消耗与间接测热法之间有较高的相关性和一致性。     

中等强度持续跑和间歇跑机体能量消耗与底物代谢特征研究

目的:研究并比较中等强度持续跑和间歇跑机体能量消耗与底物代谢特征.方法:9名体育专业女大学生完成跑台最大耗氧量测试,然后以55%O2max强度完成2个运动测试:1)55%O2max强度持续跑步1 h,恢复30 min;2)55%O2max强度完成3组20 min跑,间歇恢复10 min.采用气体代谢法间接测定运动期和恢复期机体能量消耗和底物代谢.结果:1)持续跑运动中能量消耗稳定,脂肪氧化供能量和脂肪参与供能比例在后20 min高于前20 min和中间20 min,糖的氧化供能量低于前20 min跑和中间20 min;间歇跑运动中脂肪氧化供能量和脂肪参与供能比例随运动组数的增加逐渐增加,糖的氧化供能量随运动组数的增加逐渐减少,能量消耗在第1个20 min跑显著高于第2、3个20 min跑.2)第3个间歇跑恢复期脂肪氧化供能量高于第1个恢复期,糖氧化供能量高于第2个恢复期,机体能耗高于第1、2个恢复期.3)持续跑脂肪氧化供能量在运动期、恢复期以及运动期和恢复期总和上均与间歇跑无明显差异,而持续跑恢复期糖氧化供能量低于间歇跑恢复期.持续跑运动期的能耗高于间歇跑运动期的能耗,恢复期的能耗低于间歇跑恢复期的能耗.结论:1)持续跑运动期能耗稳定,但当持续时间增加到一定程度后,脂肪氧化供能量和脂肪参与供能比例明显增加.2) 间歇跑运动期脂肪氧化供能量和脂肪参与供能比例随组数的增加逐渐增加,糖的氧化供能量随组数的增加逐渐减少;恢复期脂肪氧化量、糖氧化量和总能耗随运动组数的增加逐渐增加.另外,一定的运动预适应可降低随后运动的代谢反应水平.3)在运动强度、运动时间、恢复时间相同情况下,持续跑运动期能耗高于间歇跑运动期能耗,恢复期能耗低于间歇跑恢复期能耗,间歇跑恢复期糖氧化量高于持续跑恢复期糖氧化量.     

中老年肥胖男性身体活动水平与能量消耗特征

以中老年男性肥胖人群为对象,同正常体重人群相比,研究肥胖人群自由生活下的身体活动水平、静息代谢、特定活动下的能耗代谢率、能源底物利用特征,为肥胖机制研究和干预措施制定提供参考。方法:14名50~60岁肥胖男性者(BMI>30)和15名体重正常者(BMI=23)使用加速度计RT3连续7天测量身体活动。之后使用Cortex MetaMax 3 B进行静息代谢和特定身体活动能耗的测量(坐、站、步行3.2 km/h,4.8 km/h,6.4 km/h)。结果:1)肥胖者的每日总能耗、身体活动能耗、中等强度以上活动能耗、中等以上活动的累计时间都显著大于对照组(P<0.05)。调整了体重因素后,肥胖者单位体重每日能耗/kg略低于对照组,而单位体重身体活动能耗显著高于对照组。2)肥胖组静息能耗高于体重正常组,若是以单位体重计算,静息代谢率显著低于体重正常组(P<0.05)。3)在坐、站、走活动中,肥胖组消耗的能量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。若以公斤体重计算能耗,肥胖组坐姿和站姿的相对能耗略低于对照组,步行的相对能耗两组无差别。4)相同运动下两组人群安静平卧、坐、站、3.2 km/h和4.8 km/h步行时的呼吸交换率没有差异。6.4 km/h步行时,肥胖组的呼吸交换率显著高于体重正常组(P<0.05)。5)用回归统计法分析影响肥胖的危险因素,静息代谢率可以作为预测肥胖的因子。结论:肥胖人群的身体活动量和每日消耗能量不低于体重正常组,造成肥胖的原因很可能与能量消耗有关,较低的静息代谢率是肥胖发生的重要因素。此外,运动中脂肪氧化能力下降也可能是肥胖危险因素。     

我国残奥越野滑雪运动员不同运动应激下的气体代谢特征

目的：探讨我国残奥越野滑雪运动员不同运动应激状态下的心肺和代谢反应。方法：以8名残奥越野滑雪运动员为研究对象,站姿运动员进行3min与12min最大运动负荷测试,坐姿运动员进行3次间隔1.5min、3min重复最大运动负荷测试,比较不同类型运动员与在运动后恢复2min、5min和10min时心率(Heart Rate, HR)和血乳酸(Blood Lactic Acid, La)清除率等心肺代谢反应。结果：(1)在越野滑雪站姿测试中,12min测试的最大摄氧量(maximal oxygen consumption, VO_2max)、VO_2max相对值、HR和通气量(Ventilation Rate, VE)的明显高于3min测试,但两种测试方案之间的氧脉搏(Oxygen pulse, O_2pulse)和氧通气当量(ventilatory equivalent for oxygen, VE:VO₂)无显著差异(P>0.05),在残奥越野滑雪坐姿运动员测试中,运动员3次试验之间的心肺代谢反应无显著...     

不同水平中长跑运动员跑步能效的比较

目的:观察不同水平中长跑运动员跑步效能是否存在差异。方法:江苏田径队一、二线中长跑运动员,男性,各6名;便携式氧代谢测试仪器测试个人最好成绩平均速度下的跑步能效(RE,ml.kg-1.m-1)。结果:高水平组的跑步能效显著低于普通组的跑步能效(11.2±0.35,11.9±0.6,P=0.043)结论:本研究中高水平组运动员具有更好的运动节省能力。     

中长跑运动员跑台跑与场地跑下肢肌肉工作情况的比较分析

目的:通过EMG记录分析跑台跑和场地跑肌肉用力情况特征,比较这两种状态跑时肌肉用力方式的各自特点。方法:11名中长跑运动员,每名运动员分两天测试,随机让其以10 km/h、12 km/h、14 km/h、16 km/h、18 km/h的速度在场地和跑台(0%、5%、10%坡度)运动6min,每种速度跑之间间歇10min。使用便携式Megawin ME-6000肌电仪记录其下肢肌群(臀大肌、股外侧肌、股二头肌、腓肠肌内侧头、胫骨前肌)EMG变化情况。结果表明:在肌肉用力方面,5%坡度的跑台跑可以模拟场地跑,而10%坡度的跑台跑则可以给予下肢肌群更强的刺激,以满足训练的需要;跑台跑时,胫骨前肌需要比在场地跑时动员更多的运动单位参与工作,而跑台的坡度和速度增加对动员更多的运动单位影响不大。     

Assessment of energy expenditure in children using the RT3 accelerometer

The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of the RT3 accelerometer in young children, compare its accuracy with heart rate monitoring, and develop an equation to predict energy expenditure from RT3 output. Forty-two volunteers (mean age 12.2 years, s = 1.1) exercised at two horizontal and graded walking speeds (4 and 6 km.h(-1), 0% grade and 6% grade), and one horizontal running speed (8 km.h(-1), 0% grade), on a treadmill. Energy expenditure and oxygen consumption (VO2) served as the criterion measures. Comparison of RT3 estimates (counts and energy expenditure) demonstrated significant differences at 4, 6, and 8 km.h(-1) on level ground (P < 0.01), while no significant differences were noted between horizontal and graded walking at 4 and 6 km.h(-1). Correlation and regression analyses indicated no advantage of vector magnitude over the vertical plane (X) alone. A strong relationship between RT3 estimates and indirect calorimetry across all speeds was obtained (r = 0.633-0.850, P < 0.01). A child-specific prediction equation (adjusted R2 = 0.753) was derived and cross-validated that offered a valid energy expenditure estimate for walking/running activities. Despite recognized limitations, the RT3 may be a useful tool for the assessment of children's physical activity during walking and running.     

Validation of a wireless shoe insole for ground reaction force measurement

Ground reaction force measurements are a fundamental element of kinetic analyses of locomotion, yet they are traditionally constrained to laboratory settings or stationary frames. This study assessed the validity and reliability of a new wireless in-shoe system (Novel Loadsol/Pedoped) for field-based ground reaction force measurement in hopping, walking, and running. Twenty participants bilaterally hopped on a force plate and walked (5 km/hr) and ran (10 km/hr) on an instrumented treadmill on two separate days while wearing the insoles. GRFs were recorded simultaneously on each respective system. Peak GRF in hopping and peak GRF, contact time (CT), and impulse (IMP) in walking and running were compared on a per-hop and step-by-step basis. In hopping, the insoles demonstrated excellent agreement with the force plate (ICC: 0.96). In walking and running, the insoles demonstrated good-to-excellent agreement with the treadmill across all measures (ICCs: 0.88–0.96) and were reliable across sessions (ICCs within 0.00–0.03). A separate verification study with ten participants was conducted to assess a correction algorithm for further agreement improvement but demonstrated little meaningful change in systemic agreements. These results indicated that the Novel Loadsol system is a valid and reliable tool for wireless ground reaction force measurement in hopping, walking, and running.     

Perceived exertion and physiological economy of competition walking, ordinary walking and running

Four competition walkers performed competition walking, ordinary walking and running on a treadmill on two different occasions. During the two walking modes, the subjects performed maximal tests. During running, the session was terminated at a heart rate of 150 beats min-1 or an exertion rating--for either chest or leg--of 5 or higher. The tests commenced at 2.5 km h-1 and the velocity was increased by 2.5 km h-1 every 4 min. Measures of chest exertion and breathlessness, leg exertion, heart rate and blood lactate were taken every 4 min just prior to the velocity changes. The measured psychological and physiological variables were described by monotonously accelerating power functions with exponents around 2 for the perceptual variables at both walking modes. The heart rate growth for competition walking accelerated according to a function with an exponent of 1.7, which is lower than that for ordinary walking (2.0), but higher than that for running which is linear. No significant difference was found between maximal oxygen uptake when competition walking and running were compared. A second test was carried out so as to confirm the cross-over point for the heart rate curves in the two walking modes. The cross-over point for the two walking curves were determined to be at 8.6 km h-1.     

Assessment of step accuracy using the Consumer Technology Association standard

The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of commercially-available physical activity devices when walking and running at various treadmill speeds using CTA 2056: Physical Activity Monitoring for Fitness Wearables: Step Counting, standard by the Consumer Technology Association (CTA). Twenty participants (10 males and 10 females) completed self-paced walking and running protocols on the treadmill for five minutes each. Eight devices (Apple iWatch series 1, Fitbit Surge, Garmin 235, Moto 360, Polar A360, Suunto Spartan Sport, Suunto Spartan Trainer, and TomTom Spark 3) were tested two at a time, one per wrist. Manual step counts were obtained from video to serve as the benchmark. The mean absolute percent error (MAPE) was calculated during walking and running. During walking, three devices: Fitbit Surge (11.20%), Suunto Sport (22.93%), and TomTom (10.11%) and during running, one device, Polar (10.66%), exceeded the CTA suggestion of a MAPE < 10%. The Moto 360 had the lowest MAPE of all devices for both walking and running. The devices tested had higher step accuracy with running than walking, except for the Polar. Overall, the Apple iWatch series 1, Moto 360, Garmin, and Suunto Spartan Trainer met the CTA standard for both walking and running.     

Energy Expenditure and Intensity of Active Video Games in Children and Adolescents

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the energy expenditure and intensity of active video games to that of treadmill walking in children and adolescents. Method: Seventy-two boys and girls (aged 8–13 years) were recruited from local public schools. Energy expenditure and heart rate were measured during rest, during 3-km/hr, 4-km/hr, and 5-km/hr walks, and during active games (Adventure, Boxing I, Boxing II, and Dance). During walking and active games, we also assessed physical activity using an accelerometer. Results: The energy expenditure of the active games Adventure, Boxing I, Boxing II, and Dance was similar to that of treadmill walking at 5 km/hr in boys and girls. Heart rate was significantly higher for the game Adventure compared with walking at 3 km/hr, 4 km/hr, and 5 km/hr and the game Dance in both genders. The heart rate of girls during the games Adventure and Dance was significantly higher compared with boys. There was a statistically significant difference (p < .05, with an effect size ranging from 0.40 to 3.54) in the counts·min^?1, measured through accelerometry, between activities. Conclusion: XBOX 360 Kinect games provide energy expenditure and physical activity of moderate intensity for both genders. The use of active video games can be an interesting alternative to increase physical activity levels.     

跑台上走、跑能量消耗与运动速度的相关关系研究

目的:研究走、跑模式下健康成年男子单位时间单位体重的能量消耗与运动速度的相关关系以及单位距离单位体重的能量消耗与运动速度的相关关系;探讨相同速度走、跑两种不同的运动模式下能量消耗特征;方法:19名男性大学生作为研究对象。使用跑台控制速度,采用走、跑两种运动模式,每一速度至少测试6min,以速度递增的方式进行测试,走、跑模式转换时休息至安静状态。使用VO2000测试安静以及运动中的气体代谢参数,PO-LAR表测试心率;结果:建立走模式以及跑模式下的能量消耗与速度之间的拟合方程;单位时间单位体重的能耗与走速二次曲线拟合方程的复相关系数r2=0.88;单位时间单位体重的能耗与跑速线性拟合方程的复相关系数r2=0.72;两条拟合曲线的交点坐标为(2.35m/s,141.7cal/kg/min);在测试速度范围之内,同等速度下走与跑的单位时间的能耗具有显著性差异(P<0.01),跑的能耗显著大于走的能耗。单位距离单位体重的能耗与走速的2次拟合曲线的复相关系数r2=0.98,曲线最低点的坐标为(1.14m/s,0.553cal/kg/m),单位距离单位体重的平均能耗与跑速拟合曲线的复相关系数r2=0.68;结论:1)单位时间单位体重的能耗与走速呈二次曲线关系,单位时间单位体重的能耗与跑速呈线性递增关系;2)单位距离单位体重的能耗与走速呈"U"型曲线关系;单位距离单位体重的能耗与跑速呈线性递减趋势,说明在一定速度范围内随着跑速的增加单位距离单位体重的能耗降低。