Effects of Methylphenidate on Academic Achievement from First to Second Grade

The objectives of the current study were to identify the long‐term effects of Methylphenidate (Ritalin) on cognitive ability and academic achievement. A retrospective/longitudinal design was utilised in the study with dependent measures being scores from the Iowa Tests of Basic Skills (ITBS). The study included 17 experimental subjects who were identified with ADHD and placed on Methylphenidate between first and second grade. For each experimental child, a control child without ADHD was matched based on gender, Verbal IQ score, and family structure. Results of the study revealed that the Methylphenidate group's achievement was lower both before and after medication even after being matched on verbal abilities. The results also indicated that after receiving medication the Methylphenidate group's rate of learning was similar to the Control groups on Reading, Word Analysis, Listening, Vocabulary, and overall achievement. Finally, a positive relationship between dosage level and Listening subtest scores was observed while a negative relationship was obtained between dosage level and Vocabulary subtest scores.     

初中一年级学生学业成绩的性别差异分析

分析初中一年级学生各门课程的学业成绩状况.一方面,利用独立样本检验方法分别对普通班和快班不同性别的学生各门课程的学业成绩是否存在显著性差异进行检验;另一方面,对快班和普通班各门课程的学业成绩进行相关分析,在此基础上进一步对各门课程的学业成绩进行回归建模分析.     

Academic and Cognitive Characteristics of Persistent Mathematics Difficulty from First Through Fourth Grade

This longitudinal study investigated the academic and cognitive characteristics of persistent mathematics difficulty (MD-p) from first to fourth grade. Ninety-nine children were retrospectively categorized into one of three groups: MD-p, transient mathematics difficulty (MD-t), or typically developing. MD-p was defined as persistently low mathematics achievement (≤25th percentile) in at least 2 years from first to fourth grade. The results indicated that the MD-p group was more likely than other groups to have deficits in calculation, practical problem solving, number facts, and reading. In terms of cognitive characteristics, MD-p was specifically characterized by deficits in math concepts and phonological decoding, though there was some evidence for the involvement of working memory, processing speed, and numerical reasoning.     

Social Capital and Mathematics Achievement of Fourth and Fifth Grade Children in Segregated Primary Schools

ABSTRACT

Scholars have consistently demonstrated that the socioeconomic composition of the pupil body is related to academic achievement. The effect of ethnic/immigrant concentration, on the other hand, is more controversial, as some have found no impact of the ethnic/immigrant composition when other aspects were taken into account. Social capital theory claims that it is possible to compensate for a disadvantaged background or school composition when pupils benefit from being integrated in specific social structures. This article tests whether social capital is positively related to the mathematics achievement of pupils in the fourth and fifth grades of Flemish primary schools in which most of the pupils have a low socioeconomic and/or an ethnic/immigrant background (i.e. segregated schools).     

五年制高职生成就目标与学业成绩的调查研究

采用成就目标取向量表(ADG)对阜宁高等师范学校250名学生进行施测,用SPSS软件对所得数据进行整理统计分析,分析高职学生成绩目标取向对学生学业成绩的相关关系,得出如下结果:(1)五年制高职生成就目标取向在男女性别和年级上不存在显著差异。(2)信息技术专业与其他三个专业在掌握目标方面均存在显著差异,在成绩目标维度不存在显著差异,其他专业之间在两个维度均不存在显著差异。(3)掌握目标与学业成绩呈显著的正相关,成绩目标与学业成绩相关不显著。     

The Effects of Frustration on the Figural Creative Thinking of Fifth Grade Students

In this study 24 fifth graders, 12 males and 12 females, were individually tested twice, once under frustrating conditions and once under non-frustrating conditions, in order to determine whether their creative expression would be affected by frustration. The frustrating condition consisted of being prematurely halted from completing a familiar task with the opportunity of receiving a reward upon its completion. The non-frustrating condition allowed the subject to finish the task and be rewarded. Changes in fluency, flexibility, originality, and elaboration as measured by the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking, Figural Forms A and B, were investigated. On all components except originality, nonsignificantly higher scores were found under the frustrating conditions. Females scored higher than males on all four components. The only statistically significant interaction effect found was the sex X treatment interaction for elaboration.     

教师数学教学知识对小学生数学学业成绩的影响

为探索教师知识对小学生学业成绩的影响,在中国基础教育质量监测协同创新中心2013年教育质量监测项目支持下,对中国大陆东南沿海、中部、西北部三省1140所小学82510名四年级学生的数学学业成绩,和与之对应的2915名数学教师的数学教学知识(MKT)进行相关分析和回归分析,得到如下结论:1.教师的数学教学知识与学生学业成绩呈显著性正相关,并且是独立于教师人口学变量的影响因素。2.教师数学教学知识的三个分维度都与学生学业成绩显著相关,其中内容和学生的知识(KCS)对学生学业成绩的贡献率最大。3.教师的学科知识(CK)是影响学生学业成绩的重要的隐性因素。     

Children's Competencies in Process Skills in Kindergarten and Their Impact on Academic Achievement in Third Grade

Research Findings: The purpose of this study was to investigate the factorial structure of kindergarten children's mathematics and science process skills and the impact of children's competencies in process skills on their performance on mathematics and science achievement tests in 3rd grade. A subset of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study–Kindergarten cohort data set (n = 8,731) was analyzed using multilevel structural equation modeling. Results demonstrated that science and mathematics process skills were highly related at the construct level but not at the indicator level, as was anticipated. Kindergarten children's competency in mathematics process skills was a strong predictor of their performance on science and mathematics achievement tests in the 3rd grade. However, children's competency in science process skills was only a significant predictor of their performance on a science achievement test in the 3rd grade. Moreover, socioeconomic status and gender were statistically significant predictors of process skills and performance on achievement tests. Practice or Policy: The findings of the present study suggest that the development of children's science and mathematics process skills should be supported utilizing integrated inquiry-based science and mathematics activities to help children recognize the connection between mathematics and science and to contribute to their science and mathematics achievement in later grades.     

教育游戏中玩家成就目标对学业情绪的影响研究

在教育游戏环境中,探讨不同玩家的成就目标对学业情绪的影响将有助于教育游戏的情感化设计。请36位玩家对6款电子游戏的教育性进行评价,将他们的评测分数与量表相对照,最终选择"平衡球"、"极速拯救"和"逻辑之门"作为本研究的实验环境。随机测量300名在校大学生的成就目标定向,并从中选择40名被试参与后续实验,测量教育游戏过程中他们的学业情绪。研究结果显示,在三款不同类型的教育游戏中,成就目标与学业情绪均存在不同程度的相关关系:掌握趋近目标与积极高唤醒度情绪存在明显的正相关,与消极情绪成明显的负相关;掌握回避目标与积极低唤醒度情绪存在负相关,与消极高唤醒度情绪成明显的正相关;成绩趋近目标与积极高唤醒度情绪存在明显的正相关关系,与消极情绪成明显的负相关关系;成绩回避目标与消极高唤醒度情绪成明显的正相关关系,与积极高唤醒度情绪成明显的负相关关系。     

The Effects of Computer-Enhanced Vocabulary Lessons on Achievement of ESL Grade School Children

No abstract available for this article.     

五一八年级学生分数概念的发展

获得正确的分数概念有助于学生更好地理解数的连续性与可分割性.Stafylidou等人(2004)曾提出学生要经历从低到高的如下3个层次:将分数表征为两个互相独立的自然数,将分数表征为"部分-整体"关系,将分数表征为两个数的比例.基于该理论框架考察了199名五至八年级学生的分数概念发展情况及其错误概念类型.结果表明:(1)我国儿童分数概念发展较好.随着年级的升高,分数概念发展水平逐步升高,具体表现为在低层次上人数减少,高层次上人数增加.(2)儿童分数理解中常出现的错误概念如下:整数偏向现象、对数字"1"理解有误、由"部分-整体"关系导致概念理解错误等.     

First Generation College Students: Motivation,Integration, and Academic Achievement

The study reported in this article investigated motivation and integration dimensions that influence college academic achievement of first-generation students compared to nonfirst-generation students. Participants consisted of 277 ethnically diverse students who were attending a community college. Bivariate and multivariate statistical analyses revealed that motivation and integration dimensions contributed significantly to academic achievement for first-generation students, but not for nonfirst-generation students. Specifically, among first-generation students, academic integration contributed to higher grade point averages while extrinsic motivation and amotivation contributed significantly to lower grades. Implications of these finding and recommendations are discussed.     

评定学生成绩等级的方法研究

给出了用正态分布划分学生学习成绩等级的可行方法,并运用x2检验的方法检验了该方法的科学、合理、有效性。     

教师关心、自我调节学习与学业成就的关系

以227名初中生为被试，考察了他们心目中“关心型”教师的主要特征，以及知觉到的教师关心、自我调节学习与学业成就的关系。结果发现：初中生认为一个关心学生的教师应该在有效教学、民主管理、学习指导和生活关心几个方面有所表现；初中生知觉到的教师关心、学习策略、效能感与学业成就的相关显，其中自我效能感是影响学业成就的重要因素。     

Student Self-Evaluation in Grade 5-6 Mathematics Effects on Problem- Solving Achievement

We examined the effects of self-evaluation training on mathematics achievement. When Grade 5-6 students self-evaluated for 12 weeks (N = 259 treatment, 257 control) treatment students outperformed control students (ES = .40). The findings contribute to the consequential validity argument for self-evaluation. Considered in the context of previous research, these results indicate that subject moderates the effects of self-evaluation on achievement.     

Effects of Simulated Interventions to Improve School Entry Academic Skills on Socioeconomic Inequalities in Educational Achievement

Randomized controlled trial evidence shows that interventions before age 5 can improve skills necessary for educational success; the effect of these interventions on socioeconomic inequalities is unknown. Using trial effect estimates, and marginal structural models with data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (n = 11,764, imputed), simulated effects of plausible interventions to improve school entry academic skills on socioeconomic inequality in educational achievement at age 16 were examined. Progressive universal interventions (i.e., more intense intervention for those with greater need) to improve school entry academic skills could raise population levels of educational achievement by 5% and reduce absolute socioeconomic inequality in poor educational achievement by 15%.     

班级学生学业成就的分层研究

本文以基础教育阶段432名学生为被试,考察了班级学生学业成就分层状况及形成过程。结果表明:1．班级学生的学业成就分层经历了较长的过程,小学低年级学生学业成就总体水平较高, 分层的显著性不强,到初中二年级学生的学业成就分化显著,基本呈正态分布。2．学生的学业成就稳定性较强,具有一定的流动性,初中二年级学生学业成就的流动加剧。3．差生的心理认同经历了长达 3—5年的抗争与认同过程,一旦从心理上认同,向上流动的几率很小。     

The Effects of Ability Grouping upon Achievement in Eleventh Grade American History

The basic assumption which nurtures the controversial practice of homogeneous ability grouping is that grouping students by some measure of ability reduces the range of learning differences, when compared with heterogeneous (random) grouping, and this narrowing of range aids the teaching and learning process. To test this assumption two cooperating high schools, one homogenously grouped and the other heterogeneously grouped, provided 120 matched pairs of Ss. The basic assumption was not upheld; heterogeneous students showed significantly greater achievement gain in 11th grade American history (q > .05), at all four levels of ability.