论中小学音乐教师的角色转变

随着国家教育的发展,课程的改变,教师这一角色也面临这转变的必要。新课程改革,要求教师要从传统的角色转变为适合时代需求的新型教师。对于中小学音乐教师,教师要成为学生音乐学习中平等交流与合作的良师益友;学生学习音乐的引导者、促进者、参与者与合作者;学生灵魂塑造的引领者;学生的心理保健师和音乐治疗师;音乐课程的创新者;音乐学习的终身学习者与研究者;学校文艺活动的组织者、表演者与创编者等等。本论文主要是对传统中小学音乐教师的角色特征以及新课程改革要求下中小学音乐教师所要作出的改变;根据新课程的要求,中小学音乐教师要从各个角度来转变成新型的教师这两个大问题进行论述。     

Matching three classifications of secondary students to differential levels of study guides.

This study examined the effectiveness of matching three classifications of secondary students (17 with learning disabilities, 18 remedial, and 47 nondisabled) to differential levels of study guides. The students, 45 males and 37 females, were enrolled in science and social studies classes in middle school and high school. In one treatment, students were assigned multilevel study guides containing different levels of referential cues, with the guides implemented through three instructional groups: teacher-directed, dyadic, and independent. In another treatment, the same students were assigned single-level study guides that did not contain referential cues, with the guides implemented as an independent activity. An equivalent time samples design was arranged, with six multilevel and six single-level treatments randomly assigned in two-session blocks. The dependent measures consisted of two types of test items, factual and interpretive. The results of group analyses indicated that multilevel study guides were more effective than single-level study guides in all classes and overall on factual questions, with individual analyses verifying that the greatest benefit occurred for the teacher-directed students. On interpretive test items, the results of group analyses favored the multilevel study guides in high school social studies and overall, with individual analyses revealing few remarkable differences for students in any instructional group. A trend analysis revealed little practice effect over time in either treatment. Several methodological and clinical issues involved in matching heterogeneous students to differential levels of textbook instruction in secondary programs are discussed.     

Middle School Science Teachers’ Confidence and Pedagogical Practice of New Literacies

Due to the rapid advancements of information and communication technologies (ICTs), educational researchers argue that multimodal and new literacies should become common practices in schools. As new ICTs emerge and evolve, students need the new literacies skills and practices to successfully participate fully in the civic life of a global community. Are teachers prepared to integrate ICTs in the classroom to develop students’ new literacies skills? The purpose of this study is to suggest a new literacies framework that guides ICTs integration and supports scientific inquiry, as well as investigate middle school teachers’ confidence to practice new literacies in science classrooms. The study adopted mixed-methodology design, surveyed 32 middle school science teachers’ ICTs and new literacies skills, and randomly observed 15 teachers’ new literacies practices in the classrooms. The results revealed that even though teachers have high confidence in using ICTs, the meaningful technology integration and new literacies practices were scarcely observed in their classroom practices.     

Connecting Classroom Science with Everyday Life: Teachers’ Attempts and Students’ Insights

This multiple case study examines how teachers request students’ use of their content knowledge and conceptual understandings from out-of-school experiences while reasoning about science concepts and the ways in which students perceive and respond to these requests. Three middle school teachers and a total of 57 middle school students participated in this study. The data collection involved classroom observations and multiple interviews with each of the teachers individually and with small groups of students. The findings indicate that the students appreciate the usefulness of making relevant connections between their in-school and out-of-school learning, but seldom do so during science lessons. We also found that teachers’ attempts to facilitate these types of connections during classroom discourse events involved the use of analogies, examples, or questions. Finally, the findings also indicate that students often recognize teachers’ requests but seldom relate to these requests in the way the teacher intends.     

高中英语教学中的学法指导

学会学习是素质教育的重要目标之一,在中学英语教学中同样必须指导学生掌握正确的学习英语的方法。本文对高中英语教学中开展学法指导的重要性进行了分析,并且根据实际的教学 经验对如何在英语教学中进行有效的学法指导进行了讨论。     

小学高年级数学应用题有效教学策略探究

教师作为引导学生主动探究学习的“指路人”,应当把实现数学课堂有效教学、培养学生综合学习能力作为一项基本的教学目标。尤其是小学高年级学生,他们已经具备基础的数学运算能力,因此教师要进一步提高他们的数学学习能力,为后续的数学学习道路夯实基础。本文将浅谈如何更好地进行小学高年级数学应用题有效教学。     

初中化学基本概念的教与学

教师如何讲解及引导学生学习初中化学基本概念.     

Developmental relationships and school success: How teachers,parents, and friends affect educational outcomes and what actions students say matter most

The current paper explores how students’ relationships with their teachers, parents, and friends might differentially impact their academic experience and success, by presenting and integrating the results of two related studies. In the first study, survey methods and structural equation modeling are used to describe the similar and different effects that developmental relationships with teachers, parents, and friends seem to have on middle- and high-school students’ academic motivation, GPA, and perceptions of school climate. Relationships with teachers directly predicted all three outcomes at the middle school level, and motivation and school climate at the high school level. Relationships indirectly predicted high school GPA, through motivation. Student-teacher relationships, and parent-teacher relationships, also indirectly predicted middle school GPA, through motivation. Relationships with parents directly predicted only motivation in middle school. Relationships with friends directly predicted school climate at both levels. The results from Study 1 showed the central importance of teacher-student relationships on student motivation and led the research team to qualitatively look in study #2 at how teachers build relationships that motivate students and how students experience those relationships. Study 2 used student focus groups and a grounded theory, open coding approach to analysis to identify commonly occurring themes describing what practices teachers used successfully, in students’ eyes, to build strong relationships with students and boost their academic motivation. These practices focused on how teachers expressed care, provided support, challenged students to grow, shared power with them, and expanded their sense of possibilities. The mixed methods produce an overall study that uniquely captures both a global and more granular, practice-oriented view of the ways in which differing developmental relationships in young people’s lives affect their connection to and success in school.     

“特培生”双语教学能力调查研究

为加快新疆维吾尔自治区中小学双语教师培养步伐,从2007年起自治区实施了南疆地区农村中小学双语教师特培计划。本研究对南疆地区中小学任教的31名不同类别"特培生"的双语教学能力进行了调研评估,了解了"特培生"在双语教学中的表现及存在的问题,提出了提升"特培生"双语教学能力的建议。     

校本理念下中学英语教师语音培训策略

当前我国中学英语教师的语言水平存在一定的不足,这必然导致中学生的语音、语言面貌参差不齐、错误百出。针对这些问题,应立足校本,提出中学英语教师语音培训的可行性策略,以提高培训教师的语音理论和实际应用为目的,保证培训质量,提高培训效果,促进英语教学。     

新课标下高中语文教材的编写建议及使用策略

语文是工具性与人文性统一的学科,在新课标下编写高中语文教材不但要将文词语法等工具性教育内容与情感态度等人文性教育内容结合起来,还要与现实生活、学生实际紧密相连。因此,新课标下高中语文教材在编写时应该注重人文性、典范性和时代性。同时,教材是学生与教师、学生与作者之间进行交流对话的媒介。在教材使用中,教师应结合学生的生活实际,使教材贴近学生;要丰富教学过程,使教材生动活泼;要结合时代变化,使教材适当深化。     

余姚市中小学教师社会心理环境调查报告

余姚市中小学教师社会心理环境调查表明 ,中小学教师的社会心理环境总体状况较好 ,不同学校类型的教师在工作态度、同事关系、职业发展、工作绩效、领导关系、师生关系和创新等维度上存在显著性差异 ;教师因职务、职称、年龄、性别的不同 ,在工作态度等维度上也各自存在着不同的显著性差异。中小学教师的社会心理环境也存在着某些问题 ,需要引起关注     

强化高中物理教学 培养学生预习能力

预习是各科学习的重要环节之一,在高中物理教学中,教师要让学生通过课前预习,掌握物理学科的基础知识,明确相关教学内容的重难点。文章从基于核心素养培养学生物理预习能力的意义、培养高中生物理预习能力的策略两方面,对如何在高中物理教学中培养学生的预习能力进行探讨。     

School visits to natural history museums: Teaching or enriching?

This article describes a 3‐year study of school visits to four natural history museums and addresses the research agenda with regard to out‐of‐school learning. More specifically, the findings focus on the process of learning in museums. Comprehensive data collection allowed for an analysis of patterns of guided visits, the way the scientific content was conveyed to students, and the extent and types of social interactions thus enabled. Observations of 42 guided visits (grades 3–11) indicates that the main visitation pattern consisted of guide‐centered and task‐oriented activity. Analysis of questions asked by museum guides reveals that most of these questions required mainly lower‐order thinking skills. A common questioning pattern was to ask rhetorical questions as a means of carrying on the lecture. Detailed analysis of the scientific vocabulary used by the guides indicates that they used much scientific jargon, with limited explanation. There was only limited social mediation provided by teachers and museum guides. A minority of teachers were involved in the activities or in helping the guide to clarify or in helping the students to understand the explanations. The overall data indicate limited opportunities for meaningful learning, suggesting that the museums should shift from the traditional knowledge‐transmission model of teaching to a more socioculturally contextualized model. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 44: 747–769, 2007     

高中班主任班级管理存在的问题与对策摭探

班主任的班级管理工作,能够对高中生的学习、生活和成长产生重要影响。在当前高中教育阶段,一些班主任的班级管理工作还存在一些问题,导致学生的学习效率得不到提升,学生的能力得不到培养,无法帮助学生树立正确的“三观”。文章结合教育实践,对高中班主任班级管理工作存在的问题及对策进行分析和探讨。     

五年制大专非定向生教育策略刍议

我校五年制大专非定向生的生源质量参差不齐,导致老师课难上,学生积极性也受打击。可从以下几方面入手改善这种状况：从大局着眼,教育以人为本;构建对学生的多元评价;调整心态,培养师生感情;增强学习体验,改变教学策略。     

中学生反学校文化研究--基于安徽省B市的实证调查

中学生反学校文化在我国已初见端倪,通过对此现象的进一步调查,可将其类型分为：偏激反抗型、疏离逃避型、冷漠消极型、自傲玩乐型和阳奉阴违型等五种。应对这一现象,重要的是教师要理解中学生生存的环境,疏通中学生的情感,解析中学生的价值追求,从而帮助中学生形成正确的文化价值观。     

Future Perfect?: Teachers’ Expectations and Explanations of their Latino Immigrant Students’ Postsecondary Futures

Teacher expectancy research has demonstrated the greatest effects for members of racialized groups. Most research has focused on students’ near-term abilities; missing are understandings of how teachers perceive their students’ future trajectories. Drawing on social mirroring and attribution theories, this study investigates how 14 elementary, middle, and high school teachers of Latino immigrant students described and explained their students’ post-high school futures. Most teachers described their students as non-college-bound, with employment likely in the service sector. They attributed their students’ futures to family related explanations more often than to structural factors. The study’s implications emphasize the need to develop deeper understanding of structural inequalities that mediate students’ trajectories including schooling factors.     

On other people’s terms: schools’ encounters with disabled students

According to Swedish legislation as well as laws pertaining to disabled citizens, Swedish schools are to be accessible for all children and adolescents. This implies that disabilities of any type must not be allowed to prevent students from completing their schooling on their own terms. The purpose of this research was to study the degree to which the Swedish school is accessible for all students. A total 200 professionals and politicians were interviewed alongside more than 30 upper secondary school students. The results show that the ambition level is high with regard to adapting educational programmes for the disabled student group, especially in the rhetoric of politicians and civil servants. However, in practice, teachers and head teachers have considerably more difficulty in delivering to students satisfactory schooling. This is often due to conflict between the striving for inclusion and the difficulty adapting learning environments during everyday classroom instruction. By use of institutional theory the study demonstrates that intentions as described of responsible politicians are altered in the system when confronted with the institutional reality. Schools’ meeting the natural variation of difference in the student group causes complications in educational work in which various solutions are attempted. When educational differentiation is found wanting in attempts to meet students’ various needs, various types of special solutions are sought, which have the objective of reducing heterogeneity among the students. This type of organisational differentiation seems accepted and legitimised where it concerns students having various kinds of school‐related difficulties, while seeming to create a disadvantage for some other students. One should understand this as thought coercion, where pressure from professionals in schools leaves little room for other strategies and in which the concept of the inclusive school is challenged.     

Exploring prospective teachers’ noticing of students' understanding through micro-case videos

This paper explores the nature of prospective teachers’ noticing of students’ understanding as they analyze and discuss middle school students’ understandings of trapezoids in micro-case videos in the context of geometry. In this exploratory study, the data were obtained from eight prospective middle school mathematics teachers through individual video analysis, reflection papers, and group discussions. The results indicated that the use of purposeful micro-case video designs based on prospective teachers’ background knowledge of quadrilaterals allowed them to be productive in video analyses and discussions. In individual video analyses, prospective teachers attended to various mathematical elements to identify students’ responses but did not always use them to make interpretations of each student’s understanding of trapezoid. In the group discussions of the micro-case videos, in contrast, prospective teachers could provide alternative interpretations of students’ understanding by identifying links between the mathematical elements in students’ responses and the characteristics of students’ understandings. In the group discussions, they provided more detailed and specific instructional actions to support each student’s understanding of trapezoid than their individual video analyses. This study suggests practical implications for teacher education programs on how to use video cases (e.g., firstly, working individually and then having group discussions about the videos) to explore prospective teachers’ professional noticing skills. Considering prospective teachers’ background knowledge of related mathematical contents, this study can also inspire future studies on how to design effective videos about students’ mathematical understanding.