后现代艺术观念对中国美术教育改革的影响

后现代艺术观念既影响着世界美术教育的发展趋势,也深深影响着我国美术教育的改革和发展,无论从美术教育理念、还是从美术教育课程内容设置和结构模式方面,它都对我国的基础美术教育产生着巨大的影响。     

试论学校美育中的美术教育

学校美育中的美术教育不仅要培养学生健康的审美理想和情趣,同时还要提高其思想品质,增进其身心健康,促进其人格的全面发展。学校美育中的美术教育有循序渐进的学习和人文精神的传播等特点。加强美术史论和作品欣赏教学,可培养和提高学生感受鉴赏美的能力。通过美术实践,可培养创新意识,提高学生表现创造美的能力。学校美育中美术教育可提升学生追求更高的人生境界,引导他们保持平和的幸福心境。     

State formation and the rise of elementary education at the periphery of Europe: the cases of Finland and Turkey 1860–1930

This article addresses the role of the state and state formation in the establishment of national education during the nineteenth century and early twentieth century. Through a comparative case analysis of two countries at the European periphery (Finland and Turkey), this article shows how national educational systems, in both instances, were driven by periods of intense state building. In the nineteenth century, military defeats sparked educational reforms, and in the early nineteenth century school laws were enacted due to the establishment of the republics of Finland and Turkey. Nevertheless, these examples also show the limits of a state formation perspective. Despite changes in educational policy, neither state reached high enrolment levels in the nineteenth century, and only in Finland schooling for all was realised in the 1930s. Thus, this work encourages further comparative analyses of the social, economic and political circumstances in which these states acted.     

Postmodernism and its Challenge to the Discipline of History: Implications for History Education

There is a confusion over and inchoate understanding of how the past is made understandable through postmodernist historical orientation. The purpose of the article is to outline the characteristic features of the postmodernist movement in social sciences, to explain its confrontation with history, to document its critique of the conventional practice of history, and to discuss its implications for history education. The postmodernist challenge to the foundations of the discipline of history is elucidated with an emphasis on its epistemological underpinnings. Implications of postmodernism for the teaching and learning of history are discussed.     

小教专业(本科)学生美术素养的作用和定位刍议

美术教育是学校实施素质教育的主要内容之一,是提高本科学历小学教师美术素养的主要途径,其核心目标是培养审美创造力.目前西部农村小学美术教育的现状参差不齐,为小学培养新师资的小教专业(本科层次)培养美术素养显得尤为重要.具备较高的美术鉴赏能力、具备较好的艺术表现能力应该成为小学美术教师的目标和定位.     

‘Cheap,efficient, and easy to implement’? Economic aspects of monitorial education in Swedish elementary schools during the 1820s

This article investigates the economic aspects of monitorial education in Sweden during the 1820s. In contrast to previous research, which has often emphasised monitorial education as a cheap method of education, this article shows that this was rarely the case. Monitorial education could in fact lead to increased costs, especially during the initial stage of implementation. By analysing the minutes and accounts of some 30 Swedish schools which introduced monitorial education during the 1820s, it is shown that the new method did not result in any real savings in terms of expenditure on teachers, school premises or school supplies. The method’s only real potential for savings was lowering the total cost per pupil by increasing the number of children per teacher. However, this was possible only in cities, where the population concentration was high. Overall, monitorial education was not cheap, efficient and easy to implement from an economic perspective.     

中等师范教育资源与现代小学教师教育--连云港地区小学教师教育90年历史回顾

连云港地区的小学教师教育已经有了90年的历史.目前基本形成了两个板块、一个主体的发展格局.当前连云港地区小学教师教育格局的形成,是我国教育体制,特别是师范教育体制改革宏观推动的结果,也是连云港地区基础教育改革和发展促进的结果,更是连云港地区小学教师培养事业自身成长的结果.90年的历史积累,对当前小学教师教育事业的发展具有历史性的启发和推动意义.     

‘That Tricky Subject’: The Integration of Contextual Studies in pre‐Degree Art and Design Education

Contextual studies (CS), ‘theory’, ‘visual culture’ or ‘art history’ (amongst other labels) refer to a regular and often compulsory feature in art and design education. However, this takes many forms and can sit in a variety of relationships with the practical elements of such courses. This article is based on mixed method research on CS in the BTEC Extended Diploma in Art and Design, a course that makes up a substantial proportion of pre‐degree provision in the UK. We describe aspects of the wider study then draw on two cases to illustrate and discuss the implications of different approaches to the curriculum and its integration. Our analysis suggests that a seemingly progressive flight from a discrete CS towards a designed form of integration can have unintended negative consequences, and in the light of this we suggest some ways in which course teams might reflect on their practices.     

社会科课程体系中的历史教育

历史知识及方法关乎人们认识自我和社会的深度,关乎公民教育的质量,以至凡涉及人的权利、义务、道德、态度、价值观等教育内容时,历史知识及方法就成了理解人、社会和人的精神世界的核心内容之一。我们之所以为人,除了历史成就的人文文化外,还因我们有推进自己的历史不断文明且更具智慧、更有道德、更为人道主义的愿望和能力。公民教育正是依靠这种愿望和能力养成有知识、有道德、负责任的公民。因此,与其说社会科教育需要包含历史教育——作为人的基本的知识素养,不如说公民教育要求社会科必备良好的历史教育——作为现代公民所必需的、与现代意识养成密切关联的一整套观念体系的核心部分。     

新形势下构建师范院校历史专业课程体系的思考与实践

在高师院校实行学分制和基础教育改革的新形势下 ,师范院校历史专业课程体系面临着综合性、科学性、创新性、人文性和现实性等要求和挑战。构建师范院校历史专业课程体系必须坚持优化学科知识结构 ,拓宽学生知识面 ;注重学生科研训练 ,增强学生独立思考、分析问题的能力 ;凸现乡土意识 ,培养学生正确的人地观。构建适应新形势的师范院校历史专业课程体系是造就高素质师范人才的必要步骤     

人本道德教育观刍议

“以人为本”的道德教育体现了社会发展对人的发展提出的要求，具有深刻的时代内涵与明显的时代特征。追求和促进人的德性自由发展是人本道德教育的本质体现。其时代特征表现为：创造性、生活特性、整合性与开放性。实践人本道德教育，主要应围绕教育理念、课程体系、方法体系等进行深入改革。     

Preparing teachers for inclusion in Mexico: how effective is this process?

Inclusive education is the most advanced form of recognition of the right to education. Mexico has made important legal and administrative changes to foster inclusion since the end of the twentieth century. This research assesses the impact of the Mexican pre-service teacher curriculum on 813 pre-service teachers’ sentiments, attitudes and concerns towards inclusion and their perceived self-efficacy to educate students with disabilities. It employs two internationally validated questionnaires: The Sentiments, Attitudes and Concerns about Inclusive Education Revised Scale and the Teacher Efficacy for Inclusive Practices scale. Comparisons made across area of training, time in the programme, policy knowledge, interaction with people with disabilities and experience show that special education pre-service teachers in the last years of the programme have the most positive perspectives, while preschool teachers have the least positive ones.     

Historical perspective taking: A standardized measure for an aspect of students' historical thinking

Researchers widely agree that learning history should involve more than learning historical facts and should include competencies of historical thinking. Various models of historical thinking view students' competency to take historical perspectives as a standard in history education. In this study we introduce a standardized measure for historical perspective taking (HPT) consisting of a short scenario set in the German Weimar Republic. We assessed students' HPT by using rating scales; our data were obtained in grammar schools from 170 German 10th graders. Latent class analyses identified three types of students with similar profiles of HPT. One was present-oriented and two showed more or less contextualized historical thinking. Students' history grades were connected to their HPT competency. We discuss limitations of the study and argue for further research on measures assessing students' historical thinking.     

中国艺术史学科的可能性、路径及艺术史学

中国艺术史学科虽然自成立以来就遭受质疑,但也不难予以合理的回应:西方的艺术史正在从艺术门类史而变得越来越具有艺术门类综合性和文化多元性;中国自身的文化、学术及艺术传统本身则具有艺术史书写的动力。中国艺术史学科的可能性来自于两方面:艺术史学科制度建立本身,中国式门类艺术汇通及古今学术汇通传统。艺术史学科路径可以有门类艺术史、宽视角门类艺术史、观念艺术史、比较艺术史、跨门类综合艺术史等。对艺术史学科路径的反思可能引导出艺术史学——对艺术史研究方法或路径的反思。中国艺术史学科可以由三个分支构成:艺术通史,跨门类、跨媒介或跨学科的艺术史,艺术史学。     

青海藏族地区基础教育发展的背景、现状及对策

藏族地区教育,尤其是牧区教育是目前最难办的教育之一,而青海牧区教育就是这样一个典型.在西部大开发的特殊条件下,针对青海藏族地区的实际情况,应抓住基础建设和义务教育的重点,调整学校布局,合理配置教育资源,加强师资培训,建立特色鲜明的民族寄宿制学校,完善贫困学生资助制度等,以提高整体教育水平.     

人文素质教育理念下的美术史教学改革

人文素质教育着眼于人格与心智的协调与平衡,其目的在于人的全面和谐发展。在这一观念的指导下,作为审美教育核心的美术史教学在内容、观念和方法上也发生了相应的转变。美术史的教学模式应该是富有弹性的,教学方法必然是开放的、研究性的。