压力管理理论对内蒙古第三产业的几点启示

压力对人的生理、心理及行为方面都会产生巨大的影响。内蒙古第三产业压力管理的现状不容乐观。表现为员工压力相对较高、压力管理严重滞后。针对这种情况，要采取以下方法：从个体层面来说，应正确认识压力。树立正确的压力管理观念。掌握科学的应对压力的方法；从组织层面来说。应尽快把压力管理提上议事日程，制定出压力管理的策略。创造压力管理环境和提供相关措施；社会舆论方面，应尽快加大对压力过大群体的保护。     

Critical cyclic stress ratio of undisturbed saturated soft clay in the yangtze estuary under complex stress conditions

There exists a critical cyclic stress ratio when sand or clay is subjected to cyclic loading. It is an index distinguishing stable state or failure state. The soil static and dynamic universal triaxial and torsional shear apparatus developed by Dalian University of Technology in China was employed to perform different types of tests on saturated soft marine clay in the Yangtze estuary. Undisturbed samples were subjected to undrained cyclic vertical and torsional coupling shear and cyclic torsional shear after three-directional anisotropic consolidation with different initial consolidation parameters. The effects of initial orientation angle of major principal stress, initial ratio of deviatoric stress, initial coefficient of intermediate principal stress and stress mode of cyclic shear on the critical cyclic stress ratio were investigated. It is found that the critical cyclic stress ratio decreases significantly with increasing initial orientation angle of major principal stress and initial ratio of deviatoric stress. Compared with the effects of the initial orientation angle of major principal stress and initial ratio of deviatoric stress, the effect of initial coefficient of intermediate principal stress is less evident. Under the same consolidation condition, the critical cyclic stress ratio from the cyclic coupling shear test is lower than that from the cyclic torsional shear test, indicating that the stress mode of cyclic shear has an obvious effect on the critical cyclic stress ratio. The main reason is that the continuous rotation in principal stress directions during cyclic coupling shear damages the original structure of soil more than the cyclic torsional shear does.     

Sensitivity to linguistic stress,phonological awareness and early reading ability in preschoolers

Recent research has found that sensitivity to linguistic stress is related to phonological awareness and reading development. This study investigated the roles of two types of linguistic stress sensitivity (lexical and metrical stress) in the phonological awareness and reading development of young children. Forty‐five kindergarten children were tested on a battery of tasks that examined linguistic stress sensitivity and early reading ability. Results indicated that lexical stress, but not metrical stress sensitivity, is significantly related to phonological awareness and early reading ability. However, lexical stress is not able to predict unique variance in early reading ability once phonological awareness is controlled for. The relationships of both lexical and metrical stress sensitivity with phonological awareness and early reading development are discussed.     

Experimental study on uniaxial time-dependent ratcheting of a polyetherimide polymer

The uniaxial ratcheting behavior of a polyetherimide （PEI） polymer ＇TECAPEI＇ was studied using stress-controlled cyclic loading at room temperature, including both cyclic tension-compression with non-zero tensile mean stress and tension- unloading tests. The experimental observations were focused on the time-dependent ratcheting of the PEI polymer revealed in cyclic tests at diverse stress rates and with different peak stress holding times. The results showed that the PEI polymer shows obvious ratcheting deformation; i.e., the ratcheting strain accumulates progressively in the tensile direction during stress- controlled cyclic tests with non-zero mean stress. The ratcheting is highly dependent on the applied mean stress and stress am-plitude, and is also characterized by a strong time-dependency during the cyclic stressing at diverse stress rates and with different peak stress holding times. The time-dependent ratcheting of the PEI polymer is caused mainly by its remarkable viscosity. A comparison of the ratcheting occurring before and beyond the ultimate stress point of the PEI polymer showed that the ratcheting beyond the ultimate stress point is more significant than that occurring before that point.     

平面应力状态分析中任意两截面上应力的新解法

在乎面应力状态分析中，通过取出受力构件内某点的应力状态，便可以求出任意斜截面上的应力和主应力，从而对复杂受力构件作强度计算。这是单元体上两微面间相互垂直的特殊情况下进行的。当两微面相互不垂直时，求解未知应力就比较因难。本文经过研究，找出了任意两截面上应力之间的关系，并研究用应力圆表示。这对求解复杂受力构件内任意两截面上的应力，带来较大的方便，提供了一个新的方法，并举例说明它的应用。     

祁东煤矿地应力测量成果分析

采用应力解除法在祁东矿-408、-500和-600三个水平进行了原岩应力测试及计算，确定了祁东井田主应力的大小和方向以及三个主应力随深度的变化关系：祁东煤矿的地应力场以水平构造应力为主，最大主应力方向为北东向到近于东西向；中间主应力为垂直应力，垂直应力接近于上覆岩层的重量；最大主应力梯度值为0．029MPa／m，垂直应力梯度值为0．026MPa／m，最小主应力梯度值为0．023MPa，／m；地应力测量结果为研究祁东矿区域内各点的应力状态及应力场分布提供了理论依据。     

临夏回族已婚女教师工作压力、家务压力与婚姻满意度研究

目的：了解甘肃临夏回族已婚女教师的工作压力现状并对其影响因素进行了探讨。方法：采用教师工作压力源量表、家务压力及堪萨斯婚姻满意度量表对265名女教师进行了调查。结果：回族已婚女教师的工作压力、家务压力较大,婚姻满意度偏低。逐步回归分析结果表明,工作压力越大者,家务压力也越大;工作压力越大者,或者家务压力越大者,婚姻满意度越低。回归分析结果显示,回族已婚女教师的背景变量、工作压力、家务压力对婚姻满意度有预测力。     

Going Down to the Crossroads: Neuroendocrinology,Developmental Psychobiology,and Prospects for Research at the Intersection of Neuroscience and Education

The relation of stress hormones and activity in stress response systems to the development of aspects of cognition and behavior important for educational achievement and attainment is examined from the perspective of the developmental psychobiological model. It is proposed that research in neuroendocrinology supports three general conclusions, namely (1) that there is a neuroscientifically definable optimal level of stress arousal in children against which various curricula and teaching and learning activities can be examined; (2) that consideration of the time course of stress arousal indicates that optimal levels of stress arousal are temporally limited and can be matched to specific instructional activities; and (3) that alterations to stress response systems through processes of allostasis and allostatic load, particularly for children facing early psychosocial disadvantage, can impair the flexible regulation of stress response systems needed for effective learning in school.     

体育锻炼对高中生生活事件应激的影响研究

探讨体育锻炼对高中生生活事件应激的影响。结果：（1）男生的应激水平明显低于女生．男生的运动量明显高于女生;（2）应激水平存在城乡差异,市区学校较县城和乡镇学校应激水平低;（3）高三与高一应激水平整体上高于高二;（4）高二运动量显著高于高三,高一与高二无明显差异;（5）不同运动量对应激水平的影响均有明显的差别,大、中运动量的学生应激水平较低,小运动量的学生应激水平较高;（6）运动量与应激水平呈负相关。     

On the Use and Usefulness of Stress Diacritics in Reading Greek

The assignment of stress when reading Greek can be based on lexical and orthographic information. One hundred and seventy seventh-grade children read lists of isolated words and pseudowords. A large proportion of stress assignment errors were made in pseudoword reading, especially on the items that do not follow the most frequent penultimate stress pattern. Analysis of text corpora indicates that ignoring written stress diacritics would result in less than 1% errors, without taking into account disambiguating effects of context. It is tentatively suggested that, in reading Greek, stress assignment is primarily lexical. The results are consistent with a hypothesis that the bisyllabic trochee is the default metrical frame in Greek.     

用余震数据研究震区应力状态的一种计算机处理方法

使用全面搜索和优化处理相结合的方法,由一组余震的P波初动解资料可以推断出余震区的构造应力的主轴方向,应力主值的相对大小,并同时确定了余震的两个P波节面中的断层面。对1976年唐山地震和1966年邢台地震的余震资料的计算处理,都给出了余震区的主压应力为水平东西向,主张应力为近水平南北向的结果。因此可以认为,本方法对于用地震资料研究应力场是一个有用的工具。     

拱梁组合体系拱桥关键节点有限元分析

以某主跨85m钢管混凝土拱桥为研究对象,采用ANSYS建立局部精细化模型,对拱座进行受力分析。研究表明:拱梁组合体系拱桥拱座的结构刚度比较大,在拱脚最大弯矩工况下,最大变形出现在哑铃型拱肋加载截面下缘,变形值仅为4.3mm;拱座整体应力分析表明,结构受力以纵桥向受压为主,整体应力值不大,拱肋与拱座节点交界面因刚度突变出现了较大的应力变化,存在不大于1MPa的主拉应力;除了端横梁预应力锚固处压应力在10MPa左右,其他部位应力绝对值均在1MPa以下,满足要求;为了进一步优化结构受力,避免局部应力集中,应在结构中增加加腋、倒角等。     

调质42CrMo钢的棘轮-疲劳交互作用研究

对调质42CrMo钢进行室温下各种应力循环和对称应变循环的低周疲劳实验,揭示材料的循环软化特性,棘轮变形和低周疲劳特性以及棘轮-疲劳交互作用。结果表明,调质42CrMo钢体现出明显的循环软化;在应力幅值或平均应力较高时,试样的棘轮变形较大,其破坏形式为延性破坏,而在应力水平较低时,材料的破坏由疲劳裂纹扩展所致的脆性断裂引起;材料在应力循环下的低周疲劳寿命由于有棘轮变形的产生而受到平均应力、应力幅值、最大应力和应变比等多种因素的影响。     

Lexical stress assignment in Italian developmental dyslexia

Stress assignment to Italian polysyllabic words is unpredictable, because stress is neither marked nor predicted by rule. Stress assignment, especially to low frequency words, has been reported to be a function of stress dominance and stress neighbourhood. Two experiments investigate stress assignment in sixth-grade, skilled and dyslexic, readers. In Experiment 1, skilled readers were not affected by stress dominance. Dyslexic children, although affected by word frequency, made more stress regularisation errors on low frequency words. In Experiment 2, stress neighbourhood affected low frequency word reading irrespective of stress dominance for both skilled and dyslexic readers. Words with many stress friends were read more accurately than words with many stress enemies. It is concluded that, in assigning stress, typically developing and developmental dyslexic Italian readers are sensitive to the distributional properties of the language.     

英汉语调对比

广义语调包括停顿、重音和升降三个方面。重音分为词重音和句重音。英汉两种语言均有词重音和句重音。英语句重音除受节奏影响外,还由语法重音和逻辑重音决定。重音在汉语语流中的意义区别作用不如在英语中的相应作用重要。英语中的句调多达七种,而且调值也与汉语的调值不同。以上原因造成中国学生学习英语时在节奏、句重音、语调升降位置和语调调值等几个方面容易出现困难。     

教师要学会压力管理

角色过载让科学知识的传播者、思想教育的开拓者———教师承受了过多的外显和内隐压力。这些压力有多方面的成因,造成了对教师工作的诸多消极影响。缓解教师所面临的沉重压力已迫在眉睫,教师学会压力管理是消除或减缓职业压力的有效方式之一。     

新建本科院校教师的职业压力研究

新建本科院校教师普遍存在着压力,而且造成压力的因素很多。后期研究发现致使教师产生压力的因素不是孤立存在的,而是各种矛盾冲突导致了教师的困惑,当这些困惑难以解决或自身根本无法解决时,教师便深陷压力之中。     

信息类高校大学生心理应激源及应对方式研究

为了探讨信息类高校大学生心理应激源特点及常用应对方式,从而为高校心理健康教育工作提供依据,采用大学生心理应激源及应对方式问卷对某信息类高校400名大学生进行调查。结果显示:前程压力是信息类高校大学生面临的最大的心理应激源;大学生在前程压力、学习压力、社交人际压力、自主独立压力上年级差异显著,大三学生压力最大;大学生在应激状态下习惯采用的应对方式依次为:解决问题、幻想、自责、合理化、退避。高应激组倾向于采用消极的应对方式。进而得出结论:信息类高校要指导大学生采用积极的应对方式,顺利度过应激状态。     

钢筋混凝土具有不连续强度的试验研究

钢筋混凝土具有不连续强度,建议用不连续强度而不是用极限载荷来作为钢筋混凝土的破坏准则;另外,不连续强度可以和混凝土疲劳极限强度建立一定的确定关系,并可以从混凝土的疲劳中找出不连续强度的客观定义.     

等渗胁迫下NaCl和PEG对小麦幼苗伤害的比较

用等渗的NaC l和PEG处理三叶期小麦幼苗,3d后测定各项生理指标.结果表明,两种处理均引起幼苗叶片相对含水量、叶绿素含量降低,质膜透性增大,丙二醛含量上升,脯氨酸含量大幅度上升,叶片渗透势降低.NaC l处理使叶片可溶性蛋白含量降低,而等渗的PEG处理却引起可溶性蛋白含量上升.相比较而言,在等渗胁迫下,NaC l引起的伤害大于PEG引起的伤害,说明盐胁迫除了引起渗透胁迫外,离子胁迫也起到了重要作用.