建筑结构设计中梁柱的交接处理方法

梁柱在整个建筑结构的设计工作中是极为重要的,也是关键的结构性部件,其设计的科学性与合理性直接关系到建筑物的安全与可靠性,因此要特别重视其设计的具体思路和方法,尤其在交接处的合理处置措施,要按照设计方案加以执行,保证其交接处不发生安全风险,使其更为坚固、耐用,具备较强的承重特性,这样才能够确保以梁柱为关键环节的整个建筑结构更为安全稳定,符合设计要求与规范,达到预期的质量标准。     

浅谈CL建筑结构体系的应用前景

CL建筑结构体系是一种轻型、保温、抗震性能优于其他结构的新型承重结构体系,整个结构不使用实心粘土砖。本文对其设计、施工、抗震性能及与砖混结构的经济比较等方面进行了介绍,说明该体系具有非常好的应用前景。     

纹理分区相融合的建筑区三维影像数据提取

在城市筑群空间分布模式中,需要对建筑区的三维影像特征进行数据提取,用遥感影像中包含的光谱特征和纹理特征,实现对建筑物的特征融合检测。传统方法采用高亮线条和阴影区域融合的方法实现对建筑区的三维影像数据提取,当图像本身受斑点噪声影响较大和光程较远的情况下,影像数据提取效果不好。提出一种基于形状特征与纹理分区相融合的建筑区三维影像数据提取方法,采用骨架线模式和三角网模式构建建筑物的三维纹理模型,设计基于纹理分区的建筑区三维影像图像分割算法。在三角网纹理分区结构模型的基础上,通过相互近似正交的直线模式建立建筑群直线模式的方向关系图,实现对建筑区的三维影像数据提取。仿真实验表明,采用该模型对建筑区的三维影像数据提取,影像分割准确,能准确有效提取影像局部区域的亮度特征,受斑点噪声影响较大和光程的影响较小,对建筑区图像特征的检测正确率较高。     

基于树形结构模拟的建筑布局设计优化

根据建筑布局在工程实际中的影响因素,提出了一种树形结构模拟优化的建筑布局设计模型。首先将建筑布局的约束因素和原有的建筑物平面图形相结合,构成了新的布局图形,然后结合内部可行域算法,将布局问题的确定性算法应用于建筑物布局问题中,解决建筑物的行列式布局和周边式布局,最后采用树形结构优化遗传算法的变异能力,以优化布局效果。实例仿真实验结果表明,采用本文提出的算法,将建筑物序列进行编码和译码,根据建筑实践经验合理构造了目标函数,最终得出较好的布局方案。     

双液法加固即有建筑地基

在原有建筑物上面接楼，为提高建筑地基的承载力而采用的对即有建筑地基采用双液硅化法进行加固。该方法具有施工简单，工期短，价格低廉，对相邻建筑物基础无扰动，促证整体结构安全等特点。     

小议住宅砖混结构及其设计内容

砖混结构是指建筑物中竖向承重结构的墙、柱等采用砖或者砌块砌筑,横向承重的梁、楼板、屋面板等采用钢筋混凝土结构。也就是说砖混结构是以小部分钢筋混凝土及大部分砖墙承重的结构。砖混结构是混合结构的一种,是采用砖墙来承重,钢筋混凝土梁柱板等构件构成的混合结构体系。适合开间进深较小,房间面积小,多层或低层的建筑,对于承重墙体不能改动,而框架结构则对墙体大部可以改动。所以砖混结构的设计计算性不是很强,主要的是概念设计和构造设计。通过大量的实际工作与理论联系,研究了砖混结构设计中主要包含的一些内容。     

边坡侧面挖掘对建筑稳定性的影响——以重庆为例

研究重庆山区建筑中边坡侧面挖掘对建筑稳定性的影响,能够为重庆坡地建筑物的安全设计提供准确的依据。当前采用边坡正面挖掘进行建筑抗震性的包络设计,没有考虑横向位移差的作用,这样就会导致建筑物的结构不稳定,带来安全隐患。提出一种基于有限元的重庆山区建筑中边坡侧面挖掘的方法。根据有限元分析法建立边坡侧面挖掘下建筑的受力模型,利用边坡侧面挖掘下建筑物的几何方程、结构方程与势能方程求出单元刚度方程,最终获得边坡侧面挖掘下建筑物的平衡方程,完成边坡侧面挖掘对建筑稳定性的分析。仿真实验结果表明,改进方法能够对坡地建筑物的稳定性能进行更精确的分析,效果令人满意。     

论述建筑框架结构异形柱设计

建筑框架结构异形柱设计工作在建筑行业的发展中是十分关键的,异形柱对于建筑框架结构有着极其重要的影响,在整个建筑的支撑体系中有着重要的意义,建筑物的异形柱需要考虑整个建筑的整体结构,在进行建筑结构设计的过程中,如果没有将异形柱的设计工作做好,那么就会影响着建筑的整体性,这样对整个建筑来说都是十分不利的,因此一定要重视建筑框架结构异形柱设计工作。     

建筑墙板结构正截面受压设计方法研究

节能砌块隐形密框结构属于墙板承重体系,它依靠墙板进行抗剪、抗弯、抗压,从而形成有效的承力体系,适宜墙板较多的住宅及中小开间的办公、宿舍及酒店等建筑。同常规结构体系相比,节能砌块隐形密框结构房屋表现出来的特性不同。作为一个新型的结构,从该结构类型的提出到应用必然需要经过一个较长的研究过程。对节能砌块隐形密框结构墙板正截面受压设计计算方法做出分析并提出相应的概念设计进行探讨。     

结构设计优化在房屋建筑结构设计中的应用

对于建筑结构设计优化来说,其在建筑结构设计中极为重要,因为合理的选择结构的设计方案不仅能够到达相应的技术要求,还能够减少经济上的消耗。然而,建筑结构设计优化是一个极为复杂且综合性比较强的系统性问题,所以我们必须加大对建筑结构设计优化方法进行深入的研究。建筑结构的优化方式在整个房屋的结构设计中的应用是有着非常重要的地位的,是值得每个设计者深思的。对建筑结构设计优化方法在房屋结构设计中的应用做出了相应的研究,希望对读者有所帮助。     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

Low doses of a red wine ingredient figh diabetes in mice

Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Molecular motor assembly of a biomimetic system

Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence