Effect of low-dose omega-3 fatty acids substitution on blood pressure, hyperinsulinemia and dyslipidemia in Indians with essential hypertension: A pilot study

The present study comprised 100 patients of essential hypertension who were screened for fasting hyperinsulinemia, which was detected in 77% cases. Twenty such hyperinsulinemic cases were subjected to 4 weeks of dietary control phase followed by 6 weeks of omega-3 fatty acids substitution [either 0.6 g/d (group 1) or 1.2 g/d (group 2)]. The mean basal fasting plasma insulin levels were significantly higher (p<0.001) in patients of hypertension when compared to normal controls (126.51±80.36 and 19.35±12.61 μU/ml respectively). At the end of 4 weeks of diet control only, no significant change was observed in any parameter. After substitution of omega-3 fatty acid, a significant reduction of fasting plasma insulin levels in both group 1 (29%) and group 2 (22.8%) was observed (p<0.001). Significant reduction of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (16.4% and 25% respectively), serum cholesterol, triglycerides and low density lipoprotein was also noted in both groups (p<0.001), while high density lipoprotein increased by ∼8 mg% in both groups. Thus omega-3 fatty acid substituion in low dose along-with curtailment of dietary omega-6 fatty acid may be used as an adjunctive measure in the management of essential hypertension.     

Nitric oxide: A useful indicator in acute allograft rejection after liver transplantation

The aim of this study was to monitor serum nitric oxide levels at various times, intraoperatively and following liver transplantation in humans. Nitric oxide production was assessed by cadmium reduction method in 15 patients undergoing liver transplantation. We observed strong correlation between nitric oxide production and allograft rejection. Sustained rise in nitric oxide level after transplantation might provide an indication of acute allograft rejection. Therefore measurement of nitric oxide, a stable end product appears to be an excellent marker that can help in the development of strategies intended to improve graft viability and patient’s survival.     

Assessment of Oxidative DNA Damage by Alkaline Comet Assay in Human Essential Hypertension

The objective of the present study was to investigate the antioxidant status and the extent of oxidative DNA damage in lymphocytes and their relation with essential hypertension (EHT). A total of 100 South Indian subjects aged 30–65 were included for the study. Of these 50 were normotensive controls (group-1) with blood pressure ≥120/80 mm Hg, 50 were newly diagnosed (group-2) and were not on any antihypertensive drugs, but had systolic blood pressure ranging between 140 and 160 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure 95–100 mmHg and 50 newly diagnosed essential hypertensive patients underwent drug therapy for 1 year was considered as group-3. Enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants significantly decreased and lymphocyte DNA damage was significantly increased in newly diagnosed hypertensive patients compared with control group. The major decrease in DNA damage and significant improvement in enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants were observed after 1 year of antihypertensive therapy in treated group compared with newly diagnosed hypertensive patients. Total antioxidant status and lymphocyte DNA damage showed a strong negative correlation in all the three groups. Essential hypertension associated with oxidative stress which in turn causes genotoxic susceptibility to variety of disease including cancer. In the absence of DNA repair process and DNA checkpoint mechanisms, the genomic integrity is susceptible to extensive damage. In our study, increased oxidative DNA damage and decreased antioxidant levels were frequently observed in the newly diagnosed essential hypertensive patients, suggesting that oxidative stress is important in the pathogenesis of EHT. Therefore, the present study has additional clinical implication. Further investigations with large number of patients along with antioxidant supplement are highly warranted.     

广西城市居民高血压社区综合干预适宜技术研究与应用

目的:观察综合干预的健康处方对提高全人群高血压的控制率的影响,寻找适宜的干预处方与健康生活模式。方法:选取35岁及以上社区居民(约4万人)作为重点目标人群,通过三年时间,设计量化的饮食、运动、限盐、限酒及药物等综合干预健康处方,使社区居民对高血压知、信、行向健康的方向转变,提高高血压的管理率和控制率。结果:目标人群通过三年时间,设计量化的饮食、运动、限盐、限酒及药物等综合干预健康处方,对高血压知、信、行向健康的方向转变,提高高血压的管理率和控制率。结论:量化的饮食、运动、限盐、限酒及药物等综合干预健康处方,提高了高血压的管理率和控制率,使社区居民对高血压知、信、行向健康的方向转变。     

Polymorphonuclear leukocyte mediated oxidative inactivation of alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor: Modulation by nitric oxide

Alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor activity was studied in presence of resting and activated polymorphonuclear leucocytes. Four different agonists; phorbol myristic acetate, N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine, opsonised zymosan and arachidonic acid decreased the inhibitor activity by 23.3%, 20%, 12% and 16.6^ respectively. The inhibitor activity was protected by using various free radical scavengers. Catalase and superoxide dismutase both restored activity by about 18%, mannitol by 13% and sodium azide by 17.3%. The inhibitor activity was also protected significantly by pretreatment of polymorphs with L-Arg, a precursor of nitric oxide, before activation. L-Arg was also observed to suppress the generation of superoxide and hydroxyl radical appreciably. The nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, aminoguanidine drastically inhibited the nitrite release and reversed the protection offered by L-Arg to the inhibitor activity. Our results indicate a multifactorial nature of the inactivation process, the culprit species being superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical and hypohalides. Nitric oxide seems to scavenge the superoxide radical directly after its formation rather than inhibiting its generation by NADPH oxidase as was believed earlier.     

Role of Nitric Oxide in Salmonella Infection

Nitric oxide (NO) derivative of l-arginine is an important signaling molecule that mediates a variety of essential physiological processes including vasodilation neurotransmission, and host cell defense. Many types of cells produce NO e.g., smooth muscle cell, endothelial cell, and leukocytes. Host defense functions are known for many bacterial and parasitic infections. In the present study we estimated the levels of serum NO in cases of salmonellosis and in controls. The nitric oxide was estimated by cadmium reduction method, Griess reaction. We observed that in controls the level of NO was (22 ± 2.06) μmol/l and in cases the level was (137.49 ± 29.84) μmol/l. The level of NO was significantly higher than controls (p < 0.001). The raised level of NO could be accounted for by host response to the infection. The host rapidly expresses iNOS, which in turn produces an excess amount of NO. Its cytotoxic effect is by its reactive nitrogen oxide derivative e.g., peroxynitrite. Apart from this it also has anti apoptotic functions. In future one can do follow up study of typhoid cases by bacterial culture.     

国产托拉塞米片治疗原发性高血压的疗效观察

目的观察国产托拉塞米片治疗原发性高血压的疗效和安全性.方法采用双盲、随机平行对照,以托拉塞米片为验证组,吲哚帕胺片为对照,观察44例原发性高血压患者2周到8周的降压疗效及安全性.结果 4周降压总有效率验证组为83.33%,对照组72.58%;显效率验证组为22.22%,对照组为29.03%,验证组和对照组降压疗效比较无统计学差异(P>0.05).服用后8周实验药对肝肾功能、血尿常规及心电图均无明显影响.结论托拉塞米是一种安全有效的原发性高血压治疗药物.     

An empirical study on the determinants of essential patent claims in compatibility standards

In the field of compatibility standards, an increasing number of companies claim to own so-called essential patents (i.e. those patents that are indispensable for designing and manufacturing products conforming to the standard). It is widely believed that the ownership of such patents is a very valuable bargaining tool in cross-license negotiations, while for non-producing firms such patents may result in a substantial stream of licensing revenues. In this paper we study the determinants of essential patent claims in compatibility standards. In particular, we assess the role of two main factors: the significance of the technological solution contained in the patent and the involvement of the applicant of the patent in the standardisation process. We examine the case of W-CDMA, one of the most successful standards in mobile telecommunications. We compare the patents claimed essential for this standard with a control group of randomly selected, unclaimed patents covering the same time period and technology classes. We find empirical evidence that both factors have significant impact on the probability that a patent is claimed as essential, but the involvement in the standardisation process is a stronger determinant than the technical value (‘merit’) of the patent. On the basis of our findings, we offer policy recommendations.     

H型高血压中西医的研究进展

高半胱氨酸血症(hyperhomocysteinemia,HHCY)又称同型半胱氨酸血症,是指血浆中游离的及与蛋白结合的同型半胱氨酸和混合性二硫化物的水平升高[1]。而高血压病伴有同型半胱氨酸血症(≥10 Umol/L)的患者又称之为H型高血压。文章通过整理归纳H型高血压的中西医研究进展,为将来H型高血压的研究找到一个方向。     

痰瘀互结型高血压病的中医治疗研究进展

研究表明,高血压与痰瘀关系十分密切,而随着生活水平改变,痰瘀互结已成为高血压病的主要常见中医证型,文章就近十年来痰瘀互结型高血压病因病机、相关客观指标、中医药治疗进展作一综述。     

Effect of antioxidants and antibiotics on levels of seminal oxidative stress in leukocytospermic infertile men

Defective sperm function is the most common cause of infertility. A prospective study was carried out to correlate the concentration of nitrite (the stable metabolite of nitric oxide) in seminal plasma with leukocytospermia, and sperm membrane integrity. Total Fifty-seven normozoospermic subjects with and without leukocytospermia visiting the Infertility clinic at KH and MRC, Karad, were included in the present study. Semen samples were checked for sperm concentration, total sperm count, sperm motility, seminal leukocyte concentration and sperm membrane integrity as Hypoosmotic Swelling Test. Similarly the concentration of nitrite in seminal plasma was measured by Griess reaction and total antioxidant power measured as ferric reducing ability of plasma. The concentration of nitrite in seminal plasma was found to be raised with significantly increased leukocyte concentration in semen. Also significantly lowered levels of total antioxidant power along with defective sperm function was observed. Our results suggest that supplementary treatment of antioxidants with antibiotic for leukocytospermic infertile male patients may improve the sperm membrane integrity.     

火电厂氮氧化物污染防治研究

我国NOx污染日趋严重,火力发电厂又是NOx排放的主要污染源。针对国家对电力工业的节能减排政策,通过分析火电厂氮氧化物产生机理,总结各种氮氧化物的净化方法,考虑技术经济发展水平和电力企业承受能力,提出近期火电厂氮氧化物污染防治的主要途径。     

四川会理铅锌矿高碱度含泥尾矿氧化锌浮选生产实践

四川会理某铅锌矿选厂选别的是以铜铅锌银等硫化矿为主的多金属矿石,近年来,入选原矿含泥重、氧化率升高,选别指标有所下降,特别是选别后的硫化锌尾矿锌偏高,导致选矿的锌回收率大幅下降,因此对硫化锌尾矿氧化锌进行了再选。生产实践表明,高含泥低品位的氧化锌矿采用硫化后胺法浮选的方法时,脱泥作业至关重要。适当增加硫化时间有助于提高回收率。p H值太高不利于氧化锌的选别。     

广西某低品位难选氧化锰矿选矿试验研究

根据广西某低品位氧化锰矿石原矿性质特点,试验采用两矿法酸浸及强磁选方案比较。酸浸试验显示锰浸出率高达94.89%;强磁选获得的试验指标：锰品位22.11%、MnO2品位28.01%、锰回收率70.40%。     

无线定位系统在医疗领域的应用研究

阐述了无线定位系统的定位算法、技术原理和系统组成,着重对该系统在医疗领域的应用前景进行了分析讨论。实践证明,无线定位系统在医疗领域的普及,必将大大改善医院的服务水平及工作效率。