Agent情感劝说模型及其在高校图书采购中的应用

文章在对Agent情感分类已有研究的基础上,将Agent在劝说中的情感分为正面情感、负面情感和中性情感三类,在建立相应的形式化模型后对正面情感变化程度进行量化计算,应用于高校图书采购中并给出相应的评价。该模型应用于高校图书采购中可使其更加科学化和理性化,使采访人员更能作出有效的采购决策,真正实现图书馆的效益原则,即以最低的成本为最多的读者提供最好的服务。     

Feeling Bad About Feel-Good Ads: The Emotional and Body-Image Ramifications of Body-Positive Media

In recent years beauty companies have produced advertising campaigns purporting to make women feel better about their bodies and reverse the damage of thin-ideal media (e.g., The Dove Campaign for Real Beauty). Despite being celebrated in the popular press for the effort, little is known about how effective these advertisements are at healing issues of poor body image. In addition, little work has been done to explore the relationship between discrete emotions and body image. The present study was an experiment aimed at capturing the different discrete emotions experienced in a body-positive advertisement compared to traditional beauty ad. Findings assert that participants reported experiencing positive (e.g., elevation and hope) and negative (e.g., guilt and pride) discrete emotions significantly more than their counterparts in the traditional beauty ad condition. Results also show no significant difference in postexposure thin-ideal internalization between the two conditions.     

Emotional Dimensions of Watching Zoo Animals: An Experience Sampling Study Building on Insights from Psychology

Abstract There is little research about how visitors to zoos and aquariums respond emotionally to the animals they experience. The research that does exist has seldom been informed by current psychological literature on affect, which examines the nature and roles of sentiments, moods, emotions, and affective traits. Emotion is multidimensional: it focuses on a person's core goals; directs attention and interest; arouses the body for action; and integrates social group and cultural factors. It is thus a central component of meaning‐making. This article provides an overview of the literature on emotion as it applies to human emotional responses to animals. Informed by this literature, this paper presents results from a research study conducted at a zoo. Subjects (279 adults) were each electronically paged once while viewing one of three zoo animals (snake, okapi, or gorilla). Subjects completed scales on 17 specific emotions, seven items measuring evaluation and arousal, and other scales and responses to the animal. Four patterns of emotions emerged, ranging from “equal opportunity” emotions to “highly selective” emotions. The variables that were most important in influencing emotions were not demographic ones, but the kind of animal, subject's emotionality, relation to the animal, and other items predicted by emotion theory. Implications for biophilia, conservation, and the study of emotional responses to animals are discussed.     

Emotional Responses to Televised PSAs and Their Influence on Persuasion: An Investigation of the Moderating Role of Faith in Intuition

This research examines the influence of message recipients' emotional responses to televised PSAs on their attitudes toward the advocated issues. Integrating the affect-as-information paradigm and Epstein's cognitive-experiential self-theory, this research hypothesizes that message-induced emotions will have a greater influence on persuasion for individuals who have a strong faith in intuition than for those who have a weak faith in intuition. Overall, the main hypothesis was partially supported. There is some indication that faith in intuition moderates the influence of message-induced emotions on persuasion such that people with a stronger faith in intuition tend to rely more on experienced emotions when making judgments. The moderating effects of faith in intuition, however, appear to be confined to specific PSAs and discrete emotions.     

News Media Framing of Negative Campaigning

News media coverage of election campaigns is often characterized by use of the strategic game frame and a focus on politicians' use of negative campaigning. However, the exact relationship between these two characteristics of news coverage is largely unexplored. This article theorizes that consumer demand and norms of journalistic independence might induce the news media outlets to cover negative campaigning with a strategic game frame. A comprehensive content analysis based on several newspaper types, several election campaigns, and several different measurements of media framing confirms that news coverage of negative campaigning does apply the strategic game frame to a significantly larger degree than articles covering positive campaigning. This finding has significant implications for campaigning politicians and for scholars studying campaign and media effects.     

Critiquing Advocacy Research Findings: An Illustration from the OCLC Report,From Awareness to Funding: A Study of Library Support in America

The library profession needs to improve its ability to critically examine advocacy research and statistical studies. More proactive evaluations of claims made in advocacy campaigns and research reports will help improve the overall quality of library advocacy and fortify the institutional standing of libraries. As an illustration, this paper provides an in‐depth assessment of a measurement scheme used in the OCLC study From Awareness to Funding (2008).     

Influence of Political Affiliation and Criticism on the Effectiveness of Political Fact-Checking

Political fact-checking assumes that a rational public will use accurate information to update their opinions, especially on important issues of public policy and political campaigns. Current research on the effectiveness of fact-checking does not provide a clear conclusion. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of political affiliation and type of fact-check criticism (false/half-true) on evaluation of President Obama’s statement that immigration reform would not provide amnesty to undocumented persons living in the U.S. Results confirm differences for political affiliation and type of fact-check.     

Human information behavior during the Covid-19 health crisis. A literature review

The research carried out on human information behavior (HIB) during the Covid-19 health crisis was reviewed, with the premise that HIB and information practices allow humans to adapt to the changing circumstances of existence. A literature search was run on the LISTA and Google Scholar databases from middle March 2020 up to the end of March 2021. After filtering retrieved results, 52 studies were selected. Results are summarized into seven main themes, including the use of traditional and social media, infoveillance of search engines and social media activity, misinformation, disinformation and infodemics, and uncertainty and emotions. Results point to the need to carry out additional research in specific contexts and addressing vulnerable and marginalized groups. Further areas of inquiry include the interplay of emotions, knowledge and behaviors during the information seeking process, a better understanding of local knowledge and experiential knowledge, and the need to comprehend the limitations of ICT.     

Phases of Mediatization

As election campaigns changed substantially in Western countries, it is generally hypothesized that this change in campaign communication is rooted in a revolution in communications, with the media rejecting its former role as mere transmitters and becoming a major actor in the campaigning process. Regarding the analysis of the “mediatization of politics”, Strömbäck presented a four phases model which offers a way to explore such a process in an explicit and systematic fashion. The resulting struggle between political parties and the media over who shall control the agendas of campaigns forces politicians to adapt to and, finally, to adopt media logic. By operationalizing these four phases in order to allow for empirical research, we investigated the roles of the news media and the political parties in Austrian campaign communication in the last four decades. Taking the agenda-setting power as an indicator for changes in this relationship, our study is based on the concepts of agenda-building and policy agenda-setting as extensions of the agenda-setting model. To establish party and media agendas, a content analysis was conducted on news releases of all Austrian parliamentary parties, the main evening newscasts of all Austrian broadcasters, as well as the political coverage of two quality papers and two major tabloids during the “hot phase” of the campaign. For examining the “struggle over agendas”, a time-series cross-section design (including data on 20 different policy dimensions) was applied. First results are based on the analysis of five election campaigns in 1970, 1983, 1990, 1999, and 2008.     

Framing Risk with Numbers: The Framing Effects of Risk Assertions and Number Formats on Emotions and Risk Perceptions

This study examines how risk assertions and relevant statistics presented in different number formats interact to influence emotional and cognitive outcomes. Experimental news stories present risk assertions that highlight either safety from or vulnerability to violent crime; these assertions are accompanied by crime statistics in absolute frequency, simple fraction, or percentage format. Although it may be tempting to assume that national statistics in absolute frequency format create a greater impression due to the sheer size of the numbers, our results show that only probability formats, including simple fractions and percentages, interact with assertions to generate amplified emotions. Furthermore, we find that negative emotions play a mediating role in producing pessimistic risk assessments. Our findings reveal how people process numerical information and its impact on emotional and cognitive responses. This article also discusses the empirical and methodological implications for framing research, as well as cognitive aspects of emotional reactions and the nature of emotional effects on risk perceptions.     

On Black Panthers,Blue Ribbons, & Peace Signs: The Function of Symbols in Social Campaigns

The purpose of this article is to identify the functions of symbols in the rhetoric of social campaigns. Working from a semiotic perspective, 208 social campaign symbols were analyzed for both their visual content and their use in campaigns. This study found that symbols have 4 primary functions: explanation, awareness, identification, and sanction. The article concludes with a discussion of the usefulness of the identification of these functions.     

The Influence of Communication Context on Political Cognition in Presidential Campaigns: A Geospatial Analysis

Due to targeting strategies employed by political campaigns, campaign intensity is not uniform across the whole country. This study investigates how an individual's communication context, defined by geospatial characteristics created by campaigns, would influence his or her political learning. Data for this study come from three separate studies conducted during the 2000 U.S. presidential election. The results from a series of multilevel modeling analyses indicate that contextual-level political advertising and candidate appearances moderate the relationship between newspaper use and political knowledge, and the relationship between political discussion and political knowledge. This study not only demonstrates that conditional communication effects hinge on geospatial factors but also helps to develop contextual theories of communication that specifically address effects of contextual factors and cross-level interactions.     

The Dynamics of Opinion Formation in Local Popular Referendums: Why the Dutch Always Say No

There is growing research on voting behavior in referendums.However, the dynamics of opinion formation in popular referendums,referendums initiated by the electorate to approve or rejectdecisions made by representative bodies, has not yet been studied.This is especially unfortunate as voting decisions in popularreferendums differ from those in other referendums in interestingways. Opinion formation can be a very dynamic process in popularreferendums, making the referendum campaign crucial. This paperstudies the dynamics of opinion formation in popular referendumsand relates them to particular characteristics of the campaignsand the issues at hand. Based on the literature, we consideredthe effects of the intensity of the yes and no campaigns, familiaritywith the issue, and partisan cues. Our study uses content analysisdata and data from public opinion surveys dealing with variouspopular referendums held in the Netherlands. The study revealedseveral factors that contributed to the volatility of opinionsin the referendum campaigns: the issue (new and did not fittraditional political schemes), lack of support from societaland community organizations for the position of the local authorities,and low profile campaigns on the part of local authorities.While some of these factors are general and may play a rolein referendums everywhere, some can be considered ‘typicallyDutch’, related to the characteristics of popular referendumsin the Netherlands and the country’s political system.     

Communication and our environment: Categorizing research in environmental advocacy

Marketplace advocacy campaigns often arise in response to burgeoning societal concerns, especially those faced by energy industries. These campaigns may be launched by a single sponsor or by an industry trade group representing the collective interests of the industry sector. Using focus groups, this research explored how lay audiences with little knowledge of the topic being advocated responded to similar energy-focused marketplace advocacy messages when presented by a corporation versus an industry trade group, research which has potentially significant implications for how corporations allocate communication resources as well as for environmental groups attempting to combat certain industry initiatives. Specifically, this study explored audience response to marketplace advocacy messages when communicated via a corporation versus an industry trade group in two common contexts: (1) ads designed to build support for an industry category and (2) ads designed to build support for a specific, controversial industry initiative. Findings were analyzed through theoretical frameworks in persuasion knowledge and attribution theory. A model is introduced that integrates these perceptions and highlights the study's key findings.     

The Role of the Internet in Presidential Campaigns

This essay examines the various roles and functions of the Internet predominantly in the Democratic primaries from January 1, 2008 through June 3, 2008. After tracing the emergence of the Internet in presidential campaigns since 1996, three functions of the Internet during the 2008 primary campaigns are examined. First, Democratic candidates employed their Web sites to create ideological unity, involvement, and commitment among their supporters and as a foundation for a new source of campaign funding, especially among small donors. Second, the Internet provides a foundation for tracking, if not predicting, the success of specific candidates at different stages in the campaign process. Third, while only an emergent force, the Internet increasingly appears to be functioning as an independent, if not discrete, sociopolitical system with unique modes of interaction, its own rules and procedures, and ultimately its own standards and guidelines for presidential campaigns. It is concluded that while the Internet can be usefully viewed strategically as an instrument to be manipulated by political candidates, it may be appropriate to also examine the Internet as a unique and discrete social system with its own ethos, pathos, and logos.     

情感负荷视角下协作检索中用户消极情绪感知及其影响因素研究

[目的/意义]通过考察协作检索中用户的消极情绪感知及其相关影响因素,为干预和调节用户消极情绪、提升协作检索效果提供参考和借鉴。[研究设计/方法]基于情感负荷理论,借助Coagmento系统,招募52名用户,2人一组,协作完成3项旅游策划任务,从任务难度、时间压力、协作分工、检索结果与协作成果等因素考察其与用户消极情绪感知的关系。[结论/发现]在任务难度感知方面,任务难度与用户的焦虑、沮丧、愤怒情绪呈现显著正相关;在时间压力方面,任务完成时间超出用户预期时,消极情绪会上升;在协作分工方面,承担更多检索任务的组员比承担更多文档编辑的组员感知更多的消极情绪;在检索结果与协作成果方面,用户满意度越高,消极情绪越低。[创新/价值]将情感负荷理论应用于协作检索情境,揭示了用户四种典型消极情绪的特点,并从检索情境的自动感知与预测、界面的人性化交互设计等方面对检索系统提出了改进建议,以更好地提供情感支持。     

Critical issues in evaluating the impact of IT on information activity in academic research: Developing a qualitative research solution

The advent of the electronic library and associated information technology (IT) assisted communication and organization of information, has implications for information-seeking and research in academia. This article, while indicating emerging findings, primarily discusses methodological issues arising from the evaluation of the impact of IT-assisted information systems. Five key issues are outlined: (1) incomplete knowledge of the operating variables in this new area, (2) the complexity of the information-seeking process, (3) the largely implicit nature of research and information skills, (4) the difficulty of detecting impact of new systems on research activity, and (5) the difficulty of explaining learning and take-up of IT-assisted information systems. These issues have required the development of creative research solutions within a framework which includes the following: holistic, inductive research; a fluid, developing methodology; the use of both idiographic and nomothetic approaches; collection of data on behavior, cognitions, and emotions; techniques to bring implicit knowledge into conscious awareness, such as information access stories and research timelines; and the analysis of both research outcome and process and the investigation of strategies for learning how to use systems.     

Cultivating Intergroup Emotions: An Intergroup Threat Theory Approach

The current study tests whether media consumption is associated with negative intergroup emotions toward Blacks, Latinos, and Asians and whether media use indirectly influences intergroup emotions via threat perceptions. We do so using a two-study survey design. Results from Study 1 indicated that media consumption is associated with anger toward Latinos and Asians but not anger toward Blacks. We also found that media use was associated with anxiety toward Blacks, Latinos, and Asians. Results from Study 2 indicated that media use indirectly influences anger and anxiety toward Blacks and Latinos through perceptions of threat. Media consumption did not indirectly influence anger and anxiety toward Asians, though perceptions of threat did directly influence intergroup emotions toward this group. The discussion highlights the important, but negative, role of media in intergroup processes.     

重大突发公共卫生事件下公众信息获取行为与错失焦虑研究——以新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情为例

[目的/意义] 新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）暴发流行后,大量信息和舆论铺天盖地而来。准确把握疫情暴发期公众的信息获取行为及特征,分析探索错失焦虑的形成与影响因素,对于重大突发公共卫生事件的应急管理与科学决策具有重要价值。[方法/过程] 基于使用与满足理论、认知心理学等梳理分析错失焦虑、信息获取行为、无聊倾向及情绪之间的关系,构建研究模型。通过问卷调查法采集957份样本数据,利用偏最小二乘法检验模型,结合访谈对结果进行讨论分析。[结果/结论] 重大突发公共卫生事件暴发期,移动新媒体是信息获取的主要渠道,接收推送分享与主动搜寻行为均衡,信息阅读观看的日均耗费时间较长,呈现高频次短时间隔获取特征。疫情关注度显著正向影响错失焦虑与信息获取行为;无聊倾向与错失焦虑之间呈现显著正相关关系。错失焦虑是信息获取的动机性因素,具有显著正向影响作用;错失焦虑较高的个体更容易感染负面情绪;信息获取行为与负面情绪之间有显著正相关关系。