School readiness gains made by ethnically diverse children in poverty attending center-based childcare and public school pre-kindergarten programs

Although intensive early childhood interventions and high quality preschool programs have been shown to foster children's school readiness, little is known about the school readiness gains made by ethnically and linguistically diverse children in poverty receiving subsidies to attend center-based childcare or those in public school pre-kindergarten programs. Within the context of a large-scale, university–community applied research and evaluation project, The Miami School Readiness Project, children receiving subsidies to attend center-based childcare (n = 1478), children attending free Title 1 public school pre-k programs (n = 1611), and children attending fee-supported public school pre-k programs (n = 749) were individually assessed at the beginning and end of their pre-kindergarten year in the areas of cognitive, language, and fine motor development. Parents and teachers reported on children's socio-emotional strengths and behavior concerns. Findings revealed that although children from all types of programs made considerable school readiness gains in most areas in terms of their national relative standing, children attending public school pre-k programs typically made somewhat greater gains in the areas of cognitive and language development. Results suggest that center-based childcare programs in the community may be beneficial for fostering school readiness within ethnically diverse children in poverty, and that public school pre-kindergarten programs may show even greater gains in some areas. Policy implications are discussed.     

Pedagogical and political encounters in linguistically and culturally diverse primary classrooms: examples from Quebec,Canada, and Gauteng,South Africa

Comparative research in multilingual urban primary schools indicates that the pedagogical and political goals of schooling may operate at cross-purposes. Classroom observations and teacher interview-discussions were conducted in classes for immigrant children in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, where the language of instruction is French, and in classes in Pretoria, Gauteng Province, South Africa, where children from many different language backgrounds are taught in English. Two main themes emerged: (1) pedagogically, effective teacher–learner communication can break down when teachers are unaware of the roles that language and culture play in second language classrooms; (2) politically, efforts to assimilate learners into new socio-cultural/political contexts sometimes take precedence over sound pedagogical practice, such as drawing on the linguistic and cultural repertoire that learners bring to the classroom. This ongoing qualitative research underlines the importance of preparing pre-service and in-service teachers for the linguistic and cultural diversity they are bound to encounter in their classrooms, and of deepening their understanding of the influence of such diversity on the teaching–learning process.     

早期学习与发展标准的制订:又一份国家指导性文件的诞生

近年来,在联合国儿童基金会的大力支持与推动下,很多国家包括中国参与了其制订早期儿童学习与发展标准的项目,并取得了实质性进展。文章以文献综述的形式介绍了这些国家制订早期学习与发展标准的背景、进程、遇到的挑战及对后续工作的展望,以让幼教界N4=-对此标准的制订有一个整体了解。     

美国个别化家庭服务计划概况及启示

个别化家庭服务计划是美国整个早期干预工作的基石。自1986年美国首次提出为0到3岁的特殊婴幼儿制定个别化家庭服务计划以来,个别化家庭服务计划在理论和实践方面都取得了巨大的发展,积累了丰富的经验和教训。文章通过回顾个别化家庭服务计划在美国法律中的发展历史,介绍个别化家庭服务计划的基本内涵、制定和实施过程以及在实践中存在的问题,以期在法律保障、干预团队建设以及服务提供方面为我国特殊儿童早期干预工作的开展提供借鉴。     

宋至清初广西饮食文化发展考析

宋至清初是广西饮食文化茁壮生长时期,农业、手工业、商业较为发达,丰富的食物原料、配料与调料为饮食内容与形式的繁荣发展提供了广袤空间;优良的金属炊器与多样的陶瓷餐具为烹饪全面发展提供了前提;发达的酿酒业、茶业及商业为宴席和食市发展准备了条件;加上这一时期不断进步的社会、文化作背景,广西食文化发展进入一个前所未有的崭新阶段。     

我国国际经济贸易的发展趋势

我国进入世贸组织之后,我国国际经济贸易的发展出现了新的局面,在面对新局面的同时,我国国际经济贸易也面临着新的挑战,怎样针对国际经济贸易在新局面下对国际经济贸易进行改革,是目前我国国际经济贸易在发展的过程里一定要面对的问题.     

International Research Projects in Early Childhood Development in Australia,Malaysia and Singapore: Pertinent Issues from Three Studies

The field of early childhood education has been the focus of increased research and public concern in recent years. This paper highlights three research projects funded by the Bernard van Leer Foundation in the eighties in Australia, Malaysia and Singapore. It focuses on four research issues raised from these three studies which span three diverse communities and cultures. In particular, the question of a single integrative approach towards early childhood development programmes, the intersecting needs of children and women, the range of training and dissemination systems to be made available, the role of the different forms of fundamental partnerships in early childhood research and the strengthening of the research-to-policy link will be discussed.     

The Development of a Curriculum Toolkit with American Indian and Alaska Native Communities

This article explains the creation of the Growing and Learning with Young Native Children curriculum toolkit. The curriculum toolkit was designed to give American Indian and Alaska Native early childhood educators who work in a variety of settings the framework for developing a research-based, developmentally appropriate, tribally specific curriculum to use with Native children aged 0–3. The curriculum toolkit should assist Native people in preserving and maintaining their unique culture and language. Challenges specific to the implementation of an early childhood program in Indian Country have been explained. A brief historical overview of Indian education has been included. The contents of this article were developed under Grant #P116Z05-0056 from the US Department of Education. However, the contents do not necessarily represent the policy of the US Department of Education and the reader should not assume endorsement by the Federal Government.     

孙中山的进化发展思想对当代中国发展的启示

孙中山认为“世界万物皆由进行而成”,他的进化发展观中的“陈旧布新”、“开放主义”、“振兴实业”等一些主张,对当代中国的发展仍有一定的启示和借鉴作用。     

初盛唐礼乐文化与文学关系述论

儒家思想既是唐代文人生活和文学作品创作的主要文化背景,也是唐代文化和唐代文学内在的精神命脉,作为儒家思想核心的礼乐文化与文士、文学的关系,主要表现在：国家文化政策为文学发展提供导向、文人积极参与礼乐文化建设、礼乐文化在不同文学形态中的渗透等方面。     

从三首齐梁初唐诗看山水诗的发展轨迹

从赏析的齐、梁与初唐3首诗作中,可窥见南朝至唐初山水诗的发展轨迹：谢眺广泛描写“真切实在”的自然,创造清远绵渺的意境;王籍着意刻画幽寂的山水,创造高阔静美的境界;宋之问过寺而寻幽探胜,借山水林泉来涤荡郁结。诗作从齐代的“玄意求新”,画景入意境,清新流畅,到梁代刻画精致,情景并茂,再到宋初虽留有南朝山水诗痕迹,又有新朝气象—_开始重视形神结合、审美性与社会性结合,意境更阔大深远,写法更工巧自然,音律更加和谐。     

现代化信息技术在大学英语教学中的应用及发展探讨

详细阐述了多媒体和网络为代表的现代化信息技术对大学英语教学理念和学习方法的创新和发展,以及大学英语教师应如何在课件制作、个性化教学和评估测试方面利用信息化技术更好地为教学服务.     

转型发展院校工科毕业设计质量衡量指标体系研究

对于转型发展院校工科的毕业设计质量评价,由于没有客观科学的评价方法,评价的结果随意性很大.针对工科毕业设计的特点,提出了一种科学、合理、客观的定量评价工科毕业设计质量的方法,建立了评价工科毕业设计质量的指标体系,采用模糊评价方法,评价过程客观、真实、科学,操作简单.     

人与自然和谐发展观视野下科学课程的审视

人与自然的和谐发展是科学发展观的重要体现之一。讨论人与自然关系演变与教育的进展,提出在人与自然和谐发展观下,科学课程的改革是一种必然。通过对新课程科学学习领域内各科目目标和内容的分析,得出人与自然和谐发展是课程改革后的一种新的课程理念。倡导在科学课程的教学中要正确理解科学的价值,通过生命化教学激发情感,多种活动体验人与自然的关系。结合生活实际养成绿色生活方式,形成人与自然和谐的发展现。     

加入WTO与国有外经贸企业的改革和发展

针对目前国有外经贸企业改革所取得的阶段性成果和存在的主要问题 ,分析“入世”后国有外经贸企业改革和发展面临的机遇和挑战 ,提出相应的对策 ,以搞好国有外经贸企业的改革和发展 ,使我国经济贸易能持续稳定发展     

清代嘉道咸时期书院述略

清代嘉道咸时期，书院讲学虽出现了一些新的特征，但由于受当时社会的影响，书院制度腐败，师资水平严重下降，书院经济状况恶化，毁废严重。书院开始了全面衰败的阶段。     

价值链理论视角下应用型高校内涵式发展的内在机理探析

高等教育内涵式发展是我国高等教育大众化发展方式转变和高等教育发展新阶段的标志。通过"价值链理论"分析应用型高校内涵式发展的内在机理,用工具理性的视角分析组织成本和竞争优势,可以优化改进内涵式发展的价值链要素。应用型高校需要通过明确价值链的组织战略、优化组织功能和塑造组织品牌,发展目标转向"应用型、开放式、高水平"大学建设;教育功能由"任务导向"转向"功能导向";办学特色由"同质化"转向"个性化",进而实现从"数量增长"向"质量提升"转变,内在价值与竞争优势得到增强,高等教育质量和人才培育质量得到提高。