职前小学数学教师教学知识状况调查——以分数除法为例

大部分师范生认为自己对从事小学数学教学有一定的准备,但具体到分数教学,师范生的自我评价较低.师范生对学科知识中的"算法"知识掌握得较好,能够正确地向小学生解释如何计算分数除法,但对"算理"掌握较差,在数学教学法知识方面,师范生准备还不够充分.解决问题时,所使用的教学表征以言辞表征和符号表征居多,直观表征很少,只有少部分师范生根据小学生的认知特点采取恰当的表达方式.大专生和本科生在大部分调查项目上的表现比较一致.     

Effective Professional Development in Science and Mathematics Education: Teachers' and Facilitators' Views

This study compares the views of teachers and professional development facilitators about effective professional development (PD). We analyzed interviews with 72 teacher participants and 23 PD facilitators involved in nine science and mathematics PD projects. The teachers' themes for characterizing effective PD included classroom application, teacher as learner, and teacher networking. Similarly, the PD facilitators discussed effective PD as having classroom application and experiences for teachers as learners. In addition, PD facilitators shared the need to develop collegial relationships with teachers and improve teacher knowledge. These views correspond to some of the standards and recommendations described in policy and research documents on effective PD. Criteria of effective PD in these documents that the participants did not mention included: (1) challenging teachers' content and pedagogical content knowledge with transformative learning experiences, (2) encouraging teacher leadership for sustained support, and (3) focusing on student learning by instructing teachers on how to use student data to inform their teaching practice. Our findings have implications for designing PD that reflects the criteria of standards-based reform.     

Initiating Change in Prospective Elementary School Teachers' Orientations to Mathematics Teaching by Building on Beliefs

Many mathematics educators have found thatprospective elementary school teachers' beliefsinterfere with their learning of mathematics.Often teacher educators consider these beliefsto be wrong or naïve and seek to challengethem so prospective teachers will reject themfor more generative beliefs. Because of theresilience of prospective teachers' beliefs inresponse to these challenges, teacher educatorscould consider alternative ways of thinkingabout and addressing beliefs, particularly thepotential of building on rather than tearingdown pre-existing beliefs. Data from anearly-field experience linked to amathematics-for-teachers course provideevidence that when prospective teachers workintimately with children, in this case tryingto teach 10-year-olds about fractions, theexperience has the intensity from which beliefscan grow. Most of the prospective teachers inthe study were surprised that mathematicsteaching was more difficult than they hadanticipated. They began to consider theimportance of providing children time to thinkwhen solving mathematical problems. The changedescribed in the study is incremental ratherthan monumental, suggesting that building uponprospective teachers' existing beliefs will bea gradual process.     

Science and Mathematics Instruction of Beginning Elementary Teachers

Journal of Science Teacher Education -     

高职高专教师教学执行力的模糊数学评价

教学执行力是教师从事教学工作的能力,科学、公平、公正地评价教师的教学执行力有助于了解教师的工作现状,引领教师提升自身水平,促进教师个性化成长,提高教学质量.文章探讨了教学执行力的内涵,并合理构建了教学执行力的评价体系,采取定性与定量、绝对与相对相结合的方法,采用相对分数统计数据,利用模糊数学方法进行评判,结果表明用该方法做出的评判客观、公正、可信.     

开放教育之管见

开放教育是指以学生学习为中心，采取多种教学方法，取消并突破传统教育对学习的限制的一种新的教育模式。开放教育具有远大的前途和生命力，是素质教育的有效实现形式，符合国民教育尤其是学历教育自身特点，其中的学分制是以提高教学质量为核心的科学的教学管理制度。因此，新世纪我们必经努力构建具有中国特色的现代远程开放教育体系。     

小学教育专业的数学教育改革

九年义务教育《数学课程标准》在数学课程、数学、数学学习、数学教学、评价、现代信息技术等方面的教育理念 ,是小学数学教学改革的依据 ,小教专业的数学教育改革必须适应小学数学改革的需要。本文以此为依据从课程设置、教材与教材整合、教师教学方法等方面谈谈小学教育专业理科的数学教育改革的浅见。     

基础教育艺术师资生态式培养的理论构想

针对当前基础教育艺术师资培养存在的不足,本文尝试构建基础教育艺术师资生态式培养模式,它包括纵横交错、强调整合的综合艺术素养课程,突出体验、学以致用的综合艺术实践教学体系,鼓励创新、强调对话的艺术导生制教学,融入生活、注重生态的隐性艺术课程,立足过程、促进发展的课程综合评价。     

The Effects of a Preparatory Mathematics Program in Changing Prospective Teachers' Attitudes Towards Mathematics

In this study the results of a project aimed at changing prospective teachers' attitudes towards mathematics are reported. A mathematics preparatory program was designed and implemented over a period of three years. The program consisted of two mathematics content courses, based on the history of mathematics, and a methods course. A multidimensional questionnaire, supplemented at the final stage by interviews, was used to follow up the subjects' attitudes through the implementation period. The results indicated significant improvement of attitudes, particularly about the satisfaction from and the usefulness of mathematics.     

Inclusion and Adaptive Instruction in Elementary Education

This article addresses developments in inclusion and adaptive instruction in Dutch elementary schools between 1992-1993 and 1995-1996. Analyses indicate that partnerships between regular and special education schools and school policies on the professional development of teachers were implemented with increasing fidelity. Substantial progress was made with regard to school policies on how to proceed in case of student failure, and the range of special strategies for inclusion that schools offered somewhat increased. The frequency with which teachers used differentiated instruction and adapted the curriculum to meet students' individual needs also increased. However, the frequency with which student progress was monitored decreased slightly. Facilitative measures at the school and regional levels fostered implementation of school-level strategies for inclusion. In turn, school-level strategies for inclusion fostered adaptive instruction at the classroom level to a significant degree. No significant direct relation was found between facilitative measures at the school and regional levels and adaptive instruction at the classroom level.     

数学课堂教学生态化下的审美教育

数学课堂教学生态化是以课堂为落脚点,用生态的理念,力求营造一种和谐的、动态的、充满生命力、可持续性教授知识、学习知识和交流知识的数学课堂教学生态环境。而数学审美教育在促进数学课堂教学生态中有着积极的作用。     

A Structural Model of Prospective Science Teachers' Nature of Science Views

This study aims to establish a viable structural model of prospective science teachers' nature of science (NOS) views, which could be used as an analytical tool for understanding the complex relationships between prospective teachers' conceptions of NOS and factors possibly affecting their conceptions. In order to construct such a model, likely factors that might influence prospective teachers' NOS views were hypothesized. These included science process skills; attitudes toward science teaching; academic achievement in pedagogical and science courses; and social, religious, economic, political, aesthetic, and theoretical values. The hypothetical model was then developed and modified using structural equation modeling methodology. The final viable model indicates that attitudes toward science teaching, science process skills, academic achievement in pedagogical courses, religious values, and economic values explain NOS views with low predictive power.     

Teachers' Gender Stereotypes as Determinants of Teacher Perceptions in Elementary School Mathematics

This study analyzes the hypothesized biasing effect of teachers' gender stereotypes on their impressions of their students' competence and effort in mathematics. 48 teachers participated in the study and responded to the questionnaires concerning perceptions of about 300 of their third and fourth grade students. In general, teacher perceptions were consistent with stereotypes of gender differences: Boys have more developmental resources in mathematics. Furthermore, this bias in teacher perceptions of their students' resources in math is linked to the teacher's own category — based, gender role stereotypic beliefs regarding the general distribution of math talent between boys and girls. The finding is moderated by the student's performance level: It only holds for average and low achieving but not for high achieving boys and girls. In this way, students' performance level is an essential mediator-variable in the transmission of teachers' gender stereotypes.This revised version was published online in October 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

中国传统的数学观和教育观对新世纪数学教育的启示

中国文化传统为东亚各国的主导文化，也是世界的主要文化之一，探索这个伟大文化的思想对当代教育有极大的启示作用。此外，中国传统的数学观和教育观对新世纪数学教育可能提供不容低估的借鉴作用。     

单元教学设计及其对促进数学教师专业发展的作用

单元教学设计是在单元教学的基础上形成的一种教学设计模式,在三维教学目标的落实、课程的整合与开发、核心素养的培养等方面具有的独特优势.单元教学设计具有整体性、层序性、生本性、创造性等特征.单元教学设计对促进数学教师专业发展具有以下作用:有助于提升教师整体把握数学课程与教学的能力;有助于提升教师的数学素养;有助于提高教师的数学教学实践能力;有助于培养教师的反思意识和团队协作能力.     

浅议数学教学中的德育渗透

在各学科教学中渗透德育是学校德育实施的重要途径。对于数学教师来说,只有充分认识德育在数学教学中的地位和作用,不断提高开展德育的自觉性,探索数学教学中德育渗透的方法,才能更好地提高数学教学质量,培养出既有较高数学能力又有理性精神、科学态度和高尚人格的优秀学生。     

Prospective Teachers' Perspectives of Physical Education and Sport

Occupational socialisation research within the teaching profession is typically divided into three separate stages: recruitment, professional education, and entry into the work place. The beginning phase, also known as anticipatory socialisation, assumes that people who choose to enter teaching have already formed a perspective about the profession. Teaching is particularly susceptible to such perspectives as students spend at least 12 years of their lives observing and interacting with teachers before they enter a tertiary institution. The recruitment phase of socialisation is considered important because it affects the rest of the socialisation process. It is important to know what perceptions and experiences prospective physical education teachers have about physical education and sport before they start their professional training. This study examines the perspectives that recruits joining a training programme bring with them and compares the results with previous research findings in the area of anticipatory socialisation.