The Swedish Scholastic Aptitude Test: Development, Use, and Research

How are entrance examinations for college used in Sweden? What is measured by these examinations? What kinds of research have been conducted? Have gender differences been found on the tests?     

The State of NCME: Remembering the Past, Looking to the Future

What are the roots of NCME? What were our initial goals and how well have we attained them? Are we drifting away from our practitioner orientation? What should be our policy on important matters in educational practice and our role in sociopolitical issues in educational measurement?     

自主 实践 生活 综合--综合实践活动课程破解

综合实践活动是一门什么性质的课程，设置综合实践活动课程的理论依据是什么，其实践基础又是什么，等等。对这些问题，人们首先必须弄清楚，只有这样，才可能对之有正确的认识和积极主动地实施综合实践活动课程，自主性、实践性、生活性、整合性是综合实践活动课程的重要特征。     

落实科教兴昭 迎接知识经济的挑战

知识经济扑面而来,引起了世界各国的关注,中国也不例外。什么是知识经济？它的本质和内容是什么？有哪些新现象？给我国带来什么机遇和挑战？本文对此作了阐述,并就如何落实科教兴昭阐述了自己的观点。     

Educational Testing in America: What's Right,What's Wrong? A Criterion-Referenced Perspective

What is a criterion-referenced test? What are the good and bad points of authentic assessment, criterion-referenced testing, and Item Response Theory?     

Learning Outcome Testing Program: Standardized Classroom Testing in West Virginia Through Item Banking, Test Generation, and Curricular Management Software

What conditions stimulated the Learning Outcome Testing Program and what approaches were adopted? What issues need to be addressed in the selection of computer software? What steps should be taken to train teachers to develop item banks and use testing software?     

Toward Academically Based Community Scholarship: Ideals,Realities, and Future Needs

Service to the community, a recent interest in higher education, poses numerous challenges and questions including: How can public colleges and universities fulfill their responsibilities to their surrounding communities? In doing so, how do formal responsibilities of faculty and students change? How do courses and programs change? What are the benchmarks or progress indicators for success? What are the facilitators, constraints, and barriers for this type of orientation? We explore these questions in the ensuing analysis. We begin with indices of need and an accompanying rationale. Then we share the results of a faculty focus group's problem-solving in relation to these kinds of questions. We conclude by     

Facts About Samples, Fantasies About Domains

In past issues (vol.8, no. 1 and vol. 10, no. 1), Mehrens & Kaminski and Cohen & Hyman have addressed test-preparation procedures. On what points is there agreement between these authors? What are points of disagreement? Where have Cohen & Hyman misinterpreted Mehrens & Kaminski? What points made by Cohen & Hyman confuse Mehrens?     

Literature,listening, and young children

“What is that sound?”, “What did the kangaroo say?”, and “What might you hear during a walk?” provide evidence that educators of young children realize that listening represents a necessary ingredient in successful school experiences. Children listen for many hours of the school day, but listening has been a neglected area of instruction. The traditional low priority of listening instruction may have been based upon the myth that children naturally learn to listen or on the misconception that listening skills cannot be taught. Using literature to teach listening can improve learners' listening abilities, provided early childhood educators use developmentally appropriate children's literature.     

An Enquiry Into the Role and Importance of Ethics in Scientific Research

In this essay the importance of spirituality (or ethics) in the life of a research scientist is explored. The following four questions are considered: a) Why should the problem be studied? What are the benefits? and For whom? b) How should we approach this problem? c) What if the results of this investigation contradict other theories? What should we do in case of disagreements? and, d) What are the consequences of this study? Who or what is going to be harmed? What are the effects on the environment?

     

What Happened to Test Scores,and Why?

What has happened in recent decades to the test scores of American students? What can be said about the causes of trends in scores? Do these trends provide an indictment of the effectiveness of American schools? How should test scores be used to inform the debate about education policy?     

Legal Defensibility of Standards: Issues and Policy Perspectives

What legal issues may arise in setting content or performance standards? What precedents are relevant? What practices are defensible?     

Context-Dependent Item Sets

What are item sets and how are they being used in testing? What methods are being used to score them? What are the prospects for future use of item sets?     

美国大学在日分校的历史、现状和将来

90年代初期,在日本兴起过一股创办美国大学在日分校的热潮。在“免入学考试、在日本就能充分享受美国校园生活气息”之类的语句吸引下,不少学生满怀憧憬地跨入了这些另类校园。当时,有超过30所这样的学校在日本各地兴起。但短短5年后,它们大部分先后被迫关闭或解体,延续至今的只剩3所。为什么美国大学在日分校会从一度的辉煌走向衰落?现在依然活跃着的几所在日分校都有哪些特点?它们今后的发展走向又将如何?本文将对这些问题予以介绍并试图做出解答。在海外分校开始登陆中国的今天,了解邻国的这段历史经验和教训,当会具有一定的现实意义。     

The Changing Corporate Mind: Organizations,Vision, Missions,Purposes, and Indicators on the Move Toward Societal Payoffs

Where are the world's organizations headed? What do they see as their primary destination and contribution? What do they commit to deliver and to whom? How rigorous are they in defining their destinations? What label do they use to describe statements of their intended future? To find the answers to these and other questions, we examined 26 of the leading organizations internationally as well as 60 leading organizations in the United States. Based on this sample of world organizations, we found indications that many organizations see some aspect of societal good as basic to their future, while many others regard their own organization's well-being as what is most important. We find no clear favorite for what organizations label their statements of purpose: most use “mission” while some use “vision,” and some use “values” or “philosophy.” Few of the organizations in our sample state their intended destination in measurable performance terms. From these data, we discuss the implications in terms of an increasing emphasis in the literature on organizations having to deliver outputs that contribute to external clients and society. We also note that purpose statements must be accompanied by appropriate actions to achieve those intentions. In addition, we discuss how this move toward socially-responsive organizations is impacting the role of the performance technologist.     

大学：适应，保守，还是超越

大学曾有过对口、适应一类的说法，如适应社会需要等等。大学需不需要适应？大学适应什么？大学有保守的一面吗？它本保守，还是应当保守？大学还能超越吗？它又超越什么？大学究竟应是怎样的呢？     

美国高中课程的标准、设置、开发与管理研究

本文主要探究和回答以下问题 :美国高中课程的标准由谁制定 ?美国高中现开设哪些课程 ?美国高中如何开发校本课程 ?美国高中课程是如何进行管理的 ?     

教师教育发展的趋势、因素及其策略研究

教师队伍质量的高低关乎我国基础教育的整体质量,教师队伍质量的高低取决于教师教育的发展水平。教师教育目前的发展趋势是什么?这些发展趋势产生的原因是什么?我们针对教师教育目前发展的趋势采取何种措施促进我国教师教育科学发展?这些问题成为教师教育研究亟需解决的问题。     

National Curriculum Assessment in the U.K.

What are the objectives of national curriculum assessment in the United Kingdom? What criteria for assessment were established? What kinds of problems are associated with the assessment?     

A History of Social Science Measurement

What are the historic oriains of measurement? What v are the basic requirements for fundamental measurement? What are some common pitfalls to avoid? D o item response models meet these needs?