The practicum experiences of English Language Major student teachers during a period of profound curriculum reform in China

This paper provides an analysis of the issues faced by Chinese student teachers and, by extension, their supervisors, when curriculum reform challenges existing practices in schools and universities. The paper draws on the experiences of 10 English Language Major student teachers as they think about, make sense of, and undertake their extended practicum in the fourth year of their teacher education program. The students, from the School of Foreign Languages at a major teacher education university in the northeast region of Mainland China are challenged by the complexity of the practicum as they attempt to negotiate the differing expectations of their school advisors and university supervisor. The analysis highlights two related issues: the difficulties faced by reform efforts in China and the disjuncture between school and university expectations for practicum students in light of these initiatives. Importantly, these results add to and prompt further development of the nascent literature on the student teacher practicum in China.     

高职教育改革在冲突理论视角下的策略调适分析

教育改革是社会发展的必然趋势,冲突理论认为冲突是社会的基本状态,具有社会整合的作用。在社会转型期内高校教育改革面临着很多矛盾与冲突,冲突理论为我们提供了一种框架进行分析。本文运用冲突理论分析高职学校教育改革中学校与教师、学校与学生、教师与学生、学生与学生之间的冲突,从而提出"以人为本"的教育模式,建立大学权利组织的多元化教育体制,完善制度化的教育协调机制,创立畅通的学校中介组织等调适机构。     

Choice of Higher Education Institutions: Perspectives of Students from Different Provinces in China

This study aims to find factors linked to university choice in China that work for or against students’ access to higher education. China has undertaken many reforms in the past two decades and has rapidly expanded its higher education system. The transition from a sequential to a parallel mechanism for students to select universities is a significant change in the admission process. The expansion of higher education increased the number of high school graduates who dream of going to top-ranked Chinese universities. With this dream, students start preparing themselves for higher education during basic education. Despite the increase in top-ranked universities, the issues such as school education, familial expectations, choices of city and of major have a significant impact on students’ choice of university.     

Using dissertation projects to facilitate transitions to university and employment: an exploratory case study

The transition between school or college and higher education can be a challenging time for a student. Schools, colleges and universities work together in a number of ways in order to try and ease this process. However, many students still find their first-year experience difficult to adjust to, which can impact on their own development and achievement. This article documents critical reflections on a case study of a teaching, learning and research partnership currently being undertaken between a secondary school where students are taught AS and A Level psychology and a department of psychology in a post-1992 university in England. Drawing upon a social constructivist framework together with Healey’s model of the link between research and teaching, the aims of this study were to explore how undergraduate dissertation students can work with AS and A Level students on their dissertation projects. The study showed that the AS and A Level students found it an enjoyable practical experience, which they felt enhanced their understanding of university studies. The dissertation students found that the experience might be useful for postgraduate studies and future employment. This article highlights the benefits of the process but also the challenges for those involved, particularly if it was to be conducted on a larger scale.     

大学生家庭教师维权探析

家教是大学生校外兼职的首选形式,是大学生生活费的重要来源。大学生主要是通过中介寻找家教的。大学生家庭教师身份的特殊性、“从业”的非正规性、维权成本高及维权意识淡薄等使大学生家庭教师维权陷入了困境。在现有法律框架下,探索大学生、政府、实施法律援助的组织和个人（律师）、高校、社会媒体共同参与的大学生校外兼职维权机制,有助于帮助大学生家庭教师走出维权困境。     

Gatekeepers or facilitators: the influence of teacher habitus on students’ applications to elite universities

Low application rates of state school students to elite universities have been identified as a factor in their limited participation in elite universities. This article explores the role of teachers in state schools and colleges in guiding higher education (HE) choice. Drawing on qualitative research with teachers and students in six institutions, we identify differential practices that corroborate explanations of an ‘institutional habitus’ shaping students’ likely pathways to HE. However, we suggest that attention is paid to teacher habitus, demonstrating how teachers’ political and ethical dispositions as well as their social capital are potential factors shaping students’ decision‐making about HE, and elite university applications in particular.     

关于小学教育本科学生推行双导师制的思考

在小学教育本科学生中实施双导师制,主要是根据小教本科的专业特点和社会对小学本科学历教师的要求引入一种“理论与实践相结合”的学习方式,学生在大学四年的学习和生活中,每学期均配备校内和校外指导教师共同指导其学习,并为其提供参与科研和实践工作的机会。校内导师可由学院根据专业特点随机指派,亦可允许师生根据自己的研究方向双向选择,并充分利用本校教育专业博士与硕士研究生资源,参与导师的工作,和班主任、辅导员共同配合指导学生的专业入门、学习计划的涉及和初步的学术研究等方面。校外导师专门负责学生的教育教学技能的训练和培养,并给学生提供各种实践锻炼的机会。不同层次的学生通过共同的导师联系起来,互相学习,合作研究,形成本科生、研究生、教师三者间密不可分的联系。这不仅是对高校智力资源的充分挖掘,而且可以促进学校科研和学术环境建设。     

高考志愿设置改革对地方高校生源的影响与对策

生源直接关系到高校的教育质量,招生政策是影响生源的杠杆。某地方高校生源在高考志愿改革后,出现城市生源和中心城市生源比例上升,生源分数段呈现扁平化趋势,且专业志愿满足率下降。它与信息不对称、高校综合实力差异存在因果关系。要改变新政策所造成的生源质量弱化现象,地方性高校应当从培养师资增强实力、制定合理的分专业制度、构建新的人才培养模式等方面着手,增强对优质生源的吸引力。     

Factors affecting student engagement in HEIs - it is all about good teaching

The passive role of students in their learning and education and the absence of student engagement in higher education institutions (HEIs) are quite common in many higher education institutions in developing countries. The main objective of the research presented in this paper is to explore the influential factors on student engagement in HEIs in the situational frame where student engagement and active learning and teaching do not have a long tradition. To answer our research questions, we conducted a survey with 279 undergraduate students from four universities in Libya. Our findings show that the availability and active usage of the university’s ICTs resources, the university’s reputation and teachers’ activating influence on students most efficiently predict student engagement in HEIs. The role of teachers and their competencies to use active learning techniques are perceived to be very influential in promoting student engagement.     

教学相长：高校教师联系学生制度的价值评判

在大学教育由社会边缘地带走向社会中心地带的过程中,高校培养的学生能不能适应经济社会的发展越来越受到社会各个阶层的关注。如何培养经济社会发展所需要的健全人才,也成为当今高校改革的主要议题。文章从建立高校教师联系学生制度入手,探求高校改革中如何督促教师加强与学生联系,并对在这一制度下教学如何相长进行价值评判,进而达到教师职责明晰、涵养提高,学生自我发展、自我完善。     

Educational opportunities and academic performance: A case study of university student mothers in Venezuela

The transformation of universities from elite to mass models in developing countries has given the opportunity to new social groups to participate in higher education. As a part of this process, diverse groups of students have benefited in different ways from the equal educational opportunities offered to them. In this paper, we approach the problem of institutional efficiency versus social inclusion in a developing country through the case study of the academic performance of a social group of recent participation in a public university in Venezuela, especifically that of student mothers in the Universidad de Los Andes. This work investigates how student mothers make use of the educational opportunities opened to them and how their academic performance is affected by their particular life circumstances. Evidence shows that the academic performance of student mothers is lower than that of other groups of university students. In practice, student mothers participate as part-time students, although this category is not officially recognized by most Venezuelan public universities. Almost all the life circumstances of student mothers negatively affect their academic performance. The only circumstance that contributes positively to the performance of a student mother is the help provided by her extended family in taking care of her children. The fact that student mothers are able to participate in higher education is mainly due to the help they receive from their extended family. This is a distinctive cultural feature associated to this social group in the context of a developing country such as Venezuela.     

我国当前高等教育公平现状之管见简

在高等教育大众化阶段,没有人怀疑国民普遍受教育程度大幅度提高,但近年来公众对教育领域的批评声音却越来越多,尤其是教育的公平性。教育公平是实现社会公平的基础。从学生、高校教师和高校三个层面对当前我国高等教育存在的不公平现象进行分析,就如何创新体制机制、实现教育公平,提出初步见解。     

当代大学生自强意识特点及影响因素研究

采用问卷调查法对东西部5所大学的878名大学生进行施测，以了解当代大学生的自强状况。结果表明：（1）当代大学生的自强意识处于中上水平，其中社会取向自强意识显著高于个人取向自强意识；（2）总体而言，重点大学学生的自强意识显著优于一般大学学生，男生显著高于女生。大四学生的社会取向和个人取向自强意识显著高于其他年级学生，从总体均分来看，大学生的自强意识呈现出一种U型曲线的年级发展趋势；（3）成就动机、家庭环境和父母养育方式是影响大学生自强意识的三个因素，其中成就动机具有部分中介作用，父母养育方式则对自强意识产生间接影响，而家庭环境既有直接影响也有间接影响。     

安徽省高校高水平运动员文化建设研究

运用文献资料、专家访谈、问卷调查等研究方法对安徽省高校招收的高水平运动队进行调查研究,结果显示:文化课成绩相对较好的运动员的运动成绩和运动等级要低一些,运动成绩和等级较高者,文化课成绩相对较低;有16.9%的学生在学业期间有重修而不能按时毕业,无法走上社会谋得职业;建议高校应以生为本,建立"补漏"式文化学习机制,转变教练员的唯"运动成绩至上"观,以切实提高高水平运动员的文化素养.     

高校教师学术职业分化中的生师互动模式研究

基于清华大学教育研究院2010年在全国40余所大学采集的教师和大学本科生调查问卷数据,运用实证研究方法,对大众化阶段高校教师学术职业分化中的生师互动模式进行研究。调查结果显示:伴随高等教育大众化的发展,中国高等教育系统内部已开始出现功能分化;高等教育大众化发展进程中的院校及教师职业分化是影响生师互动的直接因素和变量;生师互动与学生成长、学习收获和就学满意度直接相关;生师互动作为教育场景中的人际交往活动,深受社会环境、教育体制和教师职业变迁的影响。     

福建高中生赴台就读意愿调查分析——以厦门地区为例

随着两岸经贸关系进一步发展,闽台高等教育交流与合作的现实性与可行性日益凸显。对厦门市1 028名高中生赴台就读意愿进行问卷调查显示,相当部分高中生愿意赴台就读,并且以选择台湾公立大学中的名校为主,选择技职院校者较少;影响赴台就读因素主要是台湾高校本身及其专业的吸引力;调查也反映出高中生对台湾高等教育缺乏一定的了解,台湾高校的吸引力有限。因此,台湾方面要想吸引大陆的优质生源,应出台真正能够惠及大陆学生的赴台就读政策。     

绩效评价:美国提升高等教育质量的重要举措

面对全球高等教育竞争的日益加剧和美国高等教育质量下降的局面,美国政府采取了以绩效评价促进大学质量提升的改革措施,将大学生综合能力考查作为绩效评价的核心内容。为推动高等学校绩效评价的展开,美国政府确定了大学绩效评价的主要内容,扩展了大学绩效评价的社会功能,修订了高等学校质量认证的标准,并开发了多种考评系统等。我国高等学校评价应高度关注学生质量,全面收集学生信息,努力提供社会服务,以提升大学评价的社会应用价值。     

从高等教育哲学谈大学文化建设

大学文化确立了大学的核心价值观,从高等教育哲学中可追溯大学的价值存在,认识论与政治论是高等教育哲学中对大学文化的不同解读,将两者统一的大学文化更有利于大学在时代的不断变化中坚守传统、与时俱进。在明确大学文化的哲学内涵基础上必须依靠大学校长和全体师生共同建设大学文化,通过大学文化建设来提升大学的整体水平,进而增强国家软实力,推动社会繁荣发展。     

The impact of attending an independent upper secondary school: Evidence from Sweden using school ranking data

Since the 1990s, the Swedish education market has gone through a dramatic transformation due to the introduction of voucher-funded independent schools. We make use of data on school applications to condition on student preferences for independent versus public education, and estimate a positive relationship between independent upper secondary school attendance and grades, graduation rates, and post-secondary education. We however also find strong indications of more lenient grading standards in independent schools, especially in schools organized as for-profit entities and in schools with a low share of qualified teachers. Our results suggest that, although independent school attendance seems to benefit the individual students in terms of higher grades and increased transition to post-secondary studies, grade inflation in the Swedish upper secondary independent schools may be a serious problem.     

大学生旷课原因分析及矫正对策

在一般高校里,学生旷课率居高不下,严重影响了学校的教学秩序和校园的安全稳定。本文从高校学生旷课原因及对策两个方面,浅析高校学生旷课现象,提出一些看法,和广大的高校学工老师交流学习。