A review of Education and Social Media using conflict and functionalist theories

Education and Social Media: Toward a Digital Future (2016), edited by Christine Greenhow, Julia Sonnevend, and Colin Agur, is a compilation of essays by leading contributors to the digital and social media movement in education. The chapters within this volume provide a granular look at the current landscape of how digital media is utilized across educational levels, fields of study, and geographic areas. The book is divided into three sections discussing the emerging use of social media in education, challenges in its implementation, and potential directions as tech-based education continues to evolve. In this review, we situate the ideas presented in Education and Social Media in the functionalist and conflict theories of educational perspective to further illuminate the potential of digital learning in supporting increased access to education for marginalized student populations. We discuss how these competing views are both given voice in Education and Social Media, prompting the reader to critically reflect on advantages and dangers presented by increased use of technological platforms in educational settings. Topics discussed include online universities, peer-developed curriculum, and differential use of technology based on school socioeconomic demographics. We also suggest areas that have emerged in need of further discussion since the book’s publication.     

Social identity theories and educational engagement

There is a large body of research in studies of schooling, particularly ethnographic case studies, which posits that collective action among students undermines engagement in school and contributes to educational inequality. In this paper I review studies of engagement from a social identity theory perspective. To what extent can collective action explain why some student groups are less engaged than others? I discuss four approaches to identifying social identity‐related problems of engagement frequently used in prior research. While researchers often find problems of engagement among low‐academic‐status students, research on educational engagement has had difficulty locating the underlying causes of inequality in student engagement. Social identity theories of educational engagement are inherently theories of collective action. I conclude that a fifth approach, large‐scale observational studies of monitoring and sanctioning, provides the best framework for identifying both the prevalence of, and solutions to, this particular source of disengagement.     

Education and conflict: Essay review

This review essay looks at three recent publications in the emerging field of ‘education and conflict’ and explores an apparent gap between theory and practice in the field. Recent works by educationalists Lynn Davies, ‘Education and conflict: complexity and chaos’ (2004) and Tony Gallagher, ‘Education in divided societies (2004)’ are contrasted with the World Bank's 2005 ‘Reshaping the future: education and postconflict reconstruction’, and similarities between the publications are highlighted. Davies’ work uses complexity theory to illuminate the relationships between education and conflict and to establish an argument for ‘complex-adaptive schools’, which would use conflict positively to engage students in the creation of peaceful communities. Gallagher, using a number of well-developed case studies, examines the way education systems have been structured to respond to and operate in divided societies, concluding that classroom agency and flexibility are crucial. The calls, by Davies and Gallagher, for educational re-creation are explored in contrast to the World Bank's publication, which offers best practice lessons to support post-conflict educational reconstruction. The article probes these differences and points to areas where the practitioner-directed Bank publication and the more academic works do and do not intersect, attempting to indicate areas where bridges may be built.     

论教育目的的预设与生成

传统上,人们普遍认为教育目的应该在教育活动开展之前预设。实际上,教育目的除在教育活动开展前进行预设外,还可在教育活动开展过程中不断生成,两种处于不同位置的教育目的本质不同,各有生长空间,不存在非此即彼的两难抉择。就当下而言,必须厘定预设性教育目的合理性的限度,留出生成性教育目的存在的领地与空间。     

Clarifying the purposes of educational assessment

This article concerns the importance of clarity in thinking and talking about certain core concepts of educational assessment. It begins by identifying three quite distinct interpretations of the term ‘assessment purpose’. It continues by challenging the supposed distinction between ‘formative’ and ‘summative’—arguing that the latter only applies to a kind of assessment result while the former only applies to a kind of use of assessment results. It ends by illustrating the wide range of uses to which assessment results might be put and stresses the importance of not concealing important distinctions by locating multiple discrete purposes within a small number of misleading categories.     

Hypervideo for educational purposes: a literature review on a multifaceted technological tool

The term ‘hypervideo’ has different interpretations in the scientific literature. The aim of this contribution is to define hypervideo as it is and can be (more optimally) used for teaching and learning purposes. Videos can promote learning by recreating real experiences and dynamic processes, although they do not necessarily enable students to interact with contents and to self-regulate their learning. Hypervideos technically overcome these limitations and add further benefits. However, even though some literature on the topic exists, the concept of hypervideo is not well represented in the scientific community and lends itself to different interpretations. Results show that hypervideo is defined as a dynamic artefact, it should allow navigation control and include additional material; it could also integrate individual or collaborative annotation and automated or manual feedback. So far, most studies have been conducted in artificial settings involving tertiary-level students. Finally, its use is beneficial for students’ learning.     

Clarifying and reframing the neoliberal critique of educational policy using policy process theories

ABSTRACT

This paper explores the vocabulary and frameworks offered by two theories of public policy process: the advocacy coalition framework (ACF) and the narrative policy framework (NPF) and what they offer to the study of global education reform. The foci of ACF are policy subsystems, formation of advocacy coalitions around policy issues, and their impact on policy change; the emphasis of NPF is the divergent narratives developed and used by these coalitions. This paper reviews each theoretical framework, summarizes existing research literature on their education policy applications, and then poses alternative questions and suggest alternatives to study global education policies, especially those presently critiqued using the term neoliberal which we position as nebulous in its current usage. The aim is to open channels of communication for scholars from different disciplines by introducing different theoretical approaches to analyse the role of the numerous elements that shape global education policy.     

大众传媒在当今社会教育中的功能和作用

文中主张大众传媒与社会教育有着必然的联系,大众传媒在当今社会教育中具有普遍功能和作用,进而揭示了大众传媒作为＂教育者＂的必然性,在阐述大众传媒教育与传统教育的区加紧中,体现出大众传媒在当今社会教育中的功能和作用,并提出了发挥大众传媒在社会教育功能的途径和方法。     

Chapter 5 The purposes of arts-based educational research

The author describes the confusion surrounding postmodern conceptions of social science, including the blurring of traditional distinctions between science and art. He argues that the disinction is an important one, for, as the two basic forms of human inquiry, science and art serve fundamentally distinct purposes. Unfortunately, only (social) scientific texts are considered useful by many educationists. The author attempts to clarify the basic purpose of value negation that is served by good arts-based research texts and argues for their legitimacy as a form of educational research.     

儒家教育理念的现代价值探析

一个国家教育现代化的过程，也是本国民族文化传统复兴、强化和发扬光大的过程。文章论及中国现代教育的困惑与期盼；德育先行是人本教育的实质；礼乐熏陶是素质教育的宝贵资源；因材施教是现代教育的有效手段等四个方面的问题。进而阐明儒家教育理念及方法，在中国现代教育，尤其是素质教育中积极的现实意义。     

中国传统译论评述

传统译论是现代译论转化的基础,因此有必要在构建我国现代译论的过程中对我国传统译论进行一次有益的评述,进而更好地为我国的现代译论建设服务。本文针对我国传统译论中一些固有的特点进行分析并就这些特点与西方译论进行对比,试图分析各中原因,以期实现对传统译论的批判性继承。     

Designing educational policy: A mini-primer on values,theories and tools

The paper attempts to clarify the many issues and critiques that have been raised on the occasion of the World Bank's 1995 Education Sector Review, using the example of a country official having to decide how to allocate a new influx of resources to education. It is argued that, pending future scientific developments, human capital theory and estimates of the rate of return to investment in education can illuminate such allocation decisions and even lead to diametrically opposite educational policies relative to more conventional tools. Copyright © 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd     

试论媒体素养教育对西方国家社会民主的保障作用

构建民主社会是当今世界各国共同关注的话题,大众媒体在这一过程中的作用有目共睹。经过长年探索实践,媒体素养教育在西方许多国家已发展成为实现社会民主、促进和谐可持续发展的重要途径。全文结合信息时代的大背景,从培养公民民主意识、训练民主参与技能两个方面论证媒体素养教育对保障社会民主的重要作用。     

社交媒体应用于高校思想政治教育的逻辑理路

社交媒介日新月异,不仅改变了大学生的信息接收、表达方式,也改变了高校思想政治教育工作的基本格局,亟待高校思想政治工作者作出改革和应对。本文立足社交媒体发展过程中世情、国情、党情、教情的深刻变化,总结归纳了社交媒体适用于高校思想政治教育应具有"有用、有趣、有益"三个原则,运用社交媒体开展高校思想政治教育需要处理好算法推荐与内容为王、一元主导与多元发展、"再中心化"与去中心化三对关系,并提出应用社交媒体从技术、内容、队伍、制度、保障五个方面提升高校思想政治教育实效的五个应对措施。     

How We Use and Are Used by Social Media in Education

In this article, Nicholas C. Burbules explores the effects of various social media on the ways people communicate, and the implications of these effects for the use of social media in educational contexts. Facebook, Twitter, and a host of other applications are being used in increasing numbers, especially by young people. It is where they live, share, and learn, so it is to be expected that educators would want to find ways to use these technologies to engage them. At the same time, however, these new media come with a host of issues and dangers as well as possibilities. Creative educators need to be aware of these in weighing the advantages and disadvantages of social media for educational purposes.     

Governmentality and the Sociology of Education: Media,educational policy and the politics of resentment

This paper argues that theorizations of the state which are sensitive to both its durability and its permeability, and theorizations which can account for the massive interconnections between local and global forces as well as different material and discursive sites are missing from contemporary work in the sociology of education. Drawing on Foucault's notion of 'governmentality' as a key resource for addressing this impasse, the authors highlight the constant fabrication of racial identity through the production of the pure space of racial origins or 'resentment'—the process of defining one's identity through the negation of the other. This dynamic, the article maintains, now informs key discourses both in popular culture and education. The authors conclude that these processes operate in tandem in the prosecution of the politics of racial exclusion in our times, informing key policy debates, including those around affirmative action and bilingual education.     

新媒体视域下社会思潮传播对思想政治教育者的挑战及对策

新媒体在社会思潮传播过程中产生的作用毋庸置疑,新媒体视域下,社会思潮传播渠道多样、及时、与受众互动性增强。但新媒体在提供便利的同时也对思想政治教育者提出了挑战,在思想政治教育者素质与工作方面提出了新的要求,思想政治教育者在新媒体形势下应该认清其优势与不足,采取正确方式进行社会思潮的传播。