师德评价模型研究与实践

通过对基于层次分析法（AHP）对师德评价过程中的评价指标权重进行设计,根据概率统计理论中的方差分析对师德评价数据进行处理,建立基于正态分布理论的师德评价模型。研究过程,力求使评价指标更合理、公正,评价模型更科学,充分调动广大教师的工作积极性,提高评价水平和管理水平。     

Teachers' Instructional Use of Summative Student Assessment Data

This study examines the extent to which classroom teachers self-report using summative assessment data in formative ways to shape instruction. A Web-based survey was administered to elementary, middle, and high school teachers in a large, suburban school district in central Virginia. Teachers reported administering a variety of summative assessments with varying frequency, and analyzing data at the aggregate level, most often using central tendency statistics. Useful methods for disaggregating data by content standards or student subgroups were not as frequently reported. Regardless of the methods of data analysis, a majority of teachers reported using assessment results to evaluate their instructional practice and make adjustments to support student learning. The results suggest, however, that teachers engaged in a cursory analysis of student performance fairly regularly but conduct more in-depth analyses less often. The study raises questions about how teachers can effectively use summative data for instructional purposes.     

An investigation of prospective secondary mathematics teachers’ conceptual knowledge of and attitudes towards statistics

The development of statistical literacy is fast becoming the focus of a large part of mathematics instruction at primary, secondary and tertiary levels. This broadening of the mathematics curriculum to encompass a focus on statistics makes considerable demands on teachers. Most mathematics teachers acknowledge the practical importance of statistics and are willing to give more relevance to the teaching of statistics; however, many mathematics teachers do not consider themselves well prepared to teach statistics. The aims of this study were to investigate the conceptual understanding of statistics of prospective secondary mathematics teachers; the nature of their attitudes towards statistics and if there was a relationship between attitude towards statistics and conceptual understanding of statistics. Conceptual understanding was measured using a standard assessment instrument (comprehensive assessment of outcomes in a first statistics course) which allows comparison across other disciplines. Despite being very mathematically able and confident, the prospective mathematics teachers in this study do no better in the assessment than students from other (mostly non-quantitative) disciplines. This, perhaps, gives further evidence that statistical thinking is different from mathematical thinking and that a strong background in mathematics does not necessarily translate to statistical thinking. Conceptual knowledge was poor in some fundamental areas of statistics such as being able to properly describe the distribution of a quantitative variable and data production. The attitudes of these teachers towards statistics were measured using a widely used instrument (survey of attitudes towards statistics). The results indicate generally positive attitudes but an acknowledgement that statistics is not a subject quickly learned by everyone and requires discipline to learn. No strong correlation was found between attitudes and conceptual knowledge. It is recommended that in order to improve teacher knowledge, teacher education programmes must include tailored modules in statistics and highlight the differences between mathematical and statistical thinking.     

中职教师职业认同对工作投入影响的实证研究

中职教师队伍建设是决定职业教育发展的重要一环,职业认同对工作投入具有正向预测作用,职业认同可以影响工作投入进而影响中职师资队伍建设的整体水平。为发挥人力资源优势,提升中职师资队伍水平,通过对浙江省内5所中职学校的350名中职教师进行问卷调查,采用了描述统计与回归分析的方法,分析了中职教师职业认同对工作投入的影响。研究发现:浙江省中职学校教师的职业认同水平和工作投入水平均处于中等偏上水平。中职教师对自己职业的积极评价越高,愿意以“中职教师”自称的意愿越强,对职业荣辱与共的情感越强烈,工作过程中做出行动的倾向越强,都会对中职教师工作投入产生更显著的正向影响。     

高师院校信息资源的教学应用及其评估研究

从教学实践出发,分析了当前高师院校信息资源教学应用中存在的问题,从信息资源的整合建设、构建基于评估的课堂教学、创建新型教学模式等几方面就其实施步骤提出了建设性意见.同时对信息资源教学运用的评估进行了初步研究,确定了评估内容及各相关因素,经专家与有关师生的集体讨论,给出了相应指标的权重,为规范高师院校信息资源的教学运用提供一些可资借鉴的经验.     

六安市农村初级中学体育师资现状研究

采用问卷调査、数理统计、文献资料分析、访谈等研究方法,对安徽省六安市农村初级中学体育师资现状调査,调查显示:六安市农村初级中学体育师资的配备基本达标,师资队伍的兼职比例较大,教师性别比例严重失调,整体学历偏低,职称结构不合理。体育教师的教学工作状况不容乐观,科研水平相对较差。在此基础上,对制约六安市农村初级中学体育师资队伍建设的主要因素进行分析,并对今后六安市农村初级中学体育师资队伍的建设提出相应的建议。     

学前儿童科学教育家园互动及影响因素研究

对中山市5个区和24个镇的48所幼儿园抽样调查,充分了解学前儿童科学教育家园互动的状况,发现人口统计学特征、家长的家庭背景、幼儿园的等级、学校和教师组织互动活动具体情况对家园互动效果的影响。对家园互动效果满意度影响因素进行回归分析,发现:家长和教师对学前儿童科学教育互动的认知是影响互动效果及满意度的重要因素,具体的家园互动活动过程的设计和幼儿园的性质是影响互动效果及满意度的主要因素之一。建议:幼儿教师思想上高度重视家园互动;活动设计上尊重幼儿的身心发展特点;加强家园沟通,挖掘家庭教育资源等。     

发展性教师评价的理论与模式

奖惩性教师评价有一定的弊端,而发展性教师评价是一种形成性评价,它不以奖惩为目的,而是在没有奖惩的条件下促进教师的专业发展,从而实现学校的发展目的。它具有自己的特点、独特的原则、评价指标体系及步骤。     

四川藏区农村学校体育现状及发展探析

运用文献资料、数理统计等方法分析了四川藏区农村学校体育发展存在的问题。研究发现,四川藏区农村学校体育的整体水平较差;学校教学条件与发达地区相比,存在着较大差距;师资建设落后;学校的体育课程和活动开展不乐观等问题。建议各级领导要提高认识,充分利用国家体育援藏、四川民族地区十年教育发展规划的实施和发展机遇,加强学校体育基础设施建设,制定学校体育的中长期发展规划;改善师资结构,提高体育教师的工作积极性;利用区域优势资源,重点开展民族体育项目,引进适合开展的现代体育项目等发展措施。     

教师开发利用课程资源实践过程中的三境界——对教师开发利用课程资源实证调查的思考

本文通过对教师开发利用课程资源的实证调查发现,目前教师开发利用课程资源具体实践过程中存在三重境界:自然境界;反省境界;觉醒境界。大部分教师主要停留在第一重境界和第二重境界,尚未达到第三重境界。而教师实现从第一重、第二重境界向第三重境界的适时过渡是教师专业发展和提升开发利用课程资源有效、高效的必经之路。基于此,文章从拓展教师理解、认识课程资源的广度;促进教师利用、开发课程资源的深度;调准教师针对开发利用课程资源评判的精度的角度提出提高境界、改进教师开发利用课程资源实践水平的建议。     

工作资源对特殊教育教师工作投入的预测作用

为探讨特殊教育教师工作资源和工作投入的现状以及工作资源对其工作投入的预测作用,以326名特教教师为被试,采用工作资源量表、Utrecht工作投入量表对其进行问卷调查.研究结果显示:特教教师工作投入的总体状况良好,三个维度中奉献得分最高,专注次之,活力最低;工作投入的水平在教龄上存在显著差异,教龄在7至25年的特教教师的工作投入水平显著高于1至3年和4至6年教龄的特教教师;工作投入在所教班级类型上存在显著差异,教育智力落后学生的特教教师比教育盲生的特教教师工作投入水平高,教育各种障碍类型学生混合班的特教教师比教育盲、聋生的特教教师的工作投入水平高;工作控制感和工作独立性对活力和专注具有显著的影响作用,工作控制感对奉献具有显著的影响.     

Elementary Teachers' Knowledge and Self-Efficacy for Measurement Concepts

Educational standardized testing impacts millions of children and educational professionals each year. In the current accountability climate, an effective educational system depends on professionals who are literate in assessment and can take the appropriate actions in response to test results. Measurement researchers should begin to focus more attention on how teachers use assessment results, what skills teachers possess, and what teachers believe they can do in working with test results. This study examined elementary teacher knowledge and self-efficacy in measurement concepts through a random sample of teachers in the state of Washington. Teachers had greater success with skills related to basic measurement concepts compared to using test scores for informed decisions. No relationship was found between years of teaching and measurement knowledge or self-efficacy. However, teachers showing interest in resources for communicating test results to parents had lower self-efficacy compared to teachers not interested in resources.     

Which difficulties and resources do vocational teachers perceive? An exploratory study setting the stage for investigating teachers’ resilience in Switzerland

ABSTRACT

Based on an ecological view of teacher resilience, the paper investigates perceived difficulties and resources among vocational education and training (VET) teachers as a first step for investigating teachers’ resilience. Given the substantial shortage of theoretical and empirical studies on this population, more research on resilience among VET teachers is necessary and relevant. In this exploratory qualitative study, interviews with VET teachers in Switzerland (n = 37) sought to identify the specific challenges faced by teachers, the resources to be addressed. As well as confirming the different critical challenges and protective factors emerging from the literature review, the results identify difficulties and resources specific to VET teachers in Switzerland. In terms of critical challenges at a macro-contextual level, teachers’ low social recognition is emphasised. Moreover, exposure to curricular reforms generates stress and pressure related to the required standardisation of content and subject changes. At a micro-system level, we detected teachers’ frustration in relation to students’ low vocational motivation and maturity and specific emerging instructional challenges in vocational subject teaching. In terms of resources, teachers perceived the possibility of diversifying their professional role by alternating school and extracurricular activities as a supportive factor. The results provide a basis for more extensive quantitative study investigating relationship among adversities and resources and resilient strategies.     

Recontextualising assessment resources for use in local settings: opening up the black box of teachers’ knowledge work

Research has shown that how principles and tools related to Assessment for Learning (AfL) are taken up by teachers can significantly impact how assessment initiatives are realised. However, questions remain about how teachers develop new resources for use in local contexts, and what these processes entail. This article examines such processes in the context of teacher teams, using the notion of ‘knowledge work’ to denote the creative and constructive work that teachers carry out when they work together upon AfL-related principles and tools. The analyses contribute to existing research by illuminating the micro-dynamics of teachers’ work with assessment resources, and examining different forms of epistemic actions that constitute this process. In conclusion, the paper discusses how teacher collaboration may inform AfL initiatives in significant ways, and argues that teachers’ constructive and collaborative knowledge work needs to be more fully recognised in the context of AfL initiatives.     

Distance Learning for Teacher Professional Development in Statistics Education

We provide an overview of EarlyStatistics, an online professional development course in statistics education targeting European elementary and middle school teachers. The course facilitates intercultural collaboration of teachers using contemporary technological and educational tools. An online information base offers access to all of the course content and resources.     

Teachers Speak Out on Assessment Practices

A 1997 statewide survey of Michigan teachers, administrators, and parents about assessment practices revealed that all 3 groups held similar views about what constitutes appropriate assessment in the early years, and they put little faith in test scores. This study reports on follow-up interviews aimed at determining the types, frequency, and utility of assessment techniques used by classroom teachers. Specifically, this study focused on the types of assessment techniques used by a sample of elementary teachers, including how often they use paper-and-pencil tests, how often they write observation notes and what they do with the notes, whether they use children's portfolios as assessment, and whether their teaching is influenced by mandated tests. Study findings revealed that paper and pencil tests were regularly used by teachers in grades 3 and 4 (92%), and rarely or occasionally used by the teachers below that level (16% rarely and 20% occasionally). Seventy-three percent of the early level teachers and 76% of the teachers in grade 3 and 4 used observation for summative rather than formative analysis. Teachers in both groups used checklists frequently, primarily for summative purposes. Portfolios, like other assessment tools, are used primarily for summative rather than formative purposes.     

Literacy Assessment and Student Diversity: An Australian case study

This article describes the reported practices in literacy assessment, recording, and reporting in 12 Australian schools characterised by populations of diverse learners. The findings indicate the problems and challenges teachers face in providing socially just and inclusive literacy assessment in heterogeneous classrooms. We make a number of suggestions related to enhancing assessment, recording, and reporting at the classroom level and argue for systemic support for teachers.     

Creating Communities of Shared Practice: The challenges of assessment use in learning and teaching

Teachers and researchers in the field of educational assessment have a strong professional interest in evaluating practices that constitute effective educational assessment at the classroom level. In pursuing these goals it is fundamental for teachers and pupils to grow in a community of shared practice where nothing in the assessment process is hidden and students become assessors of their own learning. The challenge for students and teachers within present-day classrooms is understanding and learning how these communities are created. This paper is based on action research carried out to investigate our own teaching of the subject of assessment at postgraduate level. The focus of the research was to integrate current research evidence within educational assessment into our own professional practice. Such research suggests that to improve learning and indeed teaching, educational assessment must be formative in both function and purpose and must put the student at the centre of the assessment process. The paper describes the processes and procedures by which common meanings of published criteria and assessment quality for masters level coursework held by one community of assessors were shared and interpreted by students to enable them to articulate their own learning through student-self assessment.