家庭教育方式影响儿童品德行为的归因及疏解

由于教育观念落后、教育方法不甚合理以及受外部复杂的教育环境影响等,部分家长束缚儿童的成长,这不但会给儿童的自我发展带来不良影响,严重者甚至会影响家庭的团结和睦、社会的稳定和谐。因此,必须通过提高家长品德教育意识,转变传统家庭教育观念,帮助家长掌握科学的教育方法,同时不断优化儿童外部的教育环境,帮助儿童形成良好的品德行为。     

Challenging claims of cultural deprivation as a career-long goal

ABSTRACT

This paper presents an overview of some of Michael Cole’s work, starting with his pioneering research in Liberia with the Kpelle (and later, with Sylvia Scribner, studies of literacy with the Vai, 1981), which was formative of his version of a cultural-historical psychology, his translation and interpretations of the work of L. S. Vygotsky and finally his development of the 5th Dimension after-school programs, which in various ways build on the insights from the previous work. I discuss how contesting notions of cultural and intellectual deprivation or inferiority have been a central preoccupation in Cole’s work, spanning practically his entire career, and was already on display as a central concern in his early work in Liberia.     

作为方法的家庭:教育研究的新视角

通过梳理介绍日本学者中内敏夫的教育思想史、社会史研究,指出18世纪早期至明治维新时期的日本民众在养生的意义上理解教育,这一现象有助于深入思考家庭和教育的关系.教育研究的视线要深入到家庭生活内部,父亲、母亲、亲子关系,以及生育、人口、情感等问题应该成为教育研究的关注焦点.对于独生子女教育的研究,不是简单将“溺爱”等作为问题处理,而是去追问现象背后的机理以及意义,从而更深入地思考家庭与教育的关系.     

Conditioned flavor preferences as a function of deprivation level: Preferences or aversions?

Rats tend to prefer flavors previously consumed under low deprivation to flavors previously consumed under high deprivation (Capaldi & Myers, 1982). We attempted to distinguish among possible associative explanations by determining whether this conditioning phenomenon was based upon conditioned preferences, conditioned aversions, or both. We compared preference for flavors presented exclusively under either high or low deprivation with preference for a neutral flavor. In Experiments 1A and 1B the neutral flavor was one that had been randomly paired with both high and low deprivation, whereas in Experiments 2 and 3 the neutral flavors had not been associated with either high or low deprivation. Our results strongly suggest that this conditioning phenomenon is based upon an actual increase in preference for the flavor consumed under low deprivation rather than on any form of aversion conditioning.     

Inequality in Ethiopian higher education: reframing the problem as capability deprivation

The revitalization of Ethiopian higher education (HE) has been underway since the early 2000s. As well as the economic optimism evident in the ‘knowledge-driven poverty reduction’ discourse, social equity goals underscore the reform and expansion of the system. Notwithstanding the widening participation and the equity policy provisions put in place, the problem of inequality has persisted along the lines of ethnicity, gender, rurality and socio-economic background. This paper reviews major equity policy instruments and highlights the enduring inequalities in Ethiopian HE. It argues that this persistence is related in part to the ways in which the problem is represented in policy, and that redressing the problem necessitates framing inequality as capability deprivation rather than as issues of access and disparities in enrolment.     

The residual deprivation effect in instrumental conditioning as a function of deprivation level at the time of exposure to the reinforcer

The effect of food deprivation level at the time of initial exposure to a subsequent food reinforcer was investigated in two experiments. In Experiment 1, deprivation at the time of initial exposure influenced the subsequent acquisition and extinction of an instrumental response. In Experiment 2, the residual deprivation effect associated with a reduction in deprivation level occurred only when rats initially experienced the reinforcer at a high, as compared with a low, deprivation level. Results were discussed in terms of the assumption that the limits of incentive generated by a reinforcer are influenced by the deprivation state at the time of first exposure to that reinforcer.     

西柏坡精神是推进科学发展的强大动力

西柏坡精神是在中国共产党领导的伟大革命实践中培育形成的。西柏坡精神内涵丰富,“谦虚谨慎,艰苦奋斗”的西柏坡精神,是强化宗旨意识、贯彻落实以人为本的科学发展观的政治保障;“严明纪律,团结统一”的西柏坡精神,是党始终成为坚强领导核心、推进科学发展的组织保证;“抓住机遇,敢于胜利”的西柏坡精神,是加快科学发展、完成崇高使命的不竭动力。     

家庭进行幼小衔接教育的现状调查及分析——以上海市某幼儿园为例

对上海市某幼儿园大班60名幼儿家长进行幼小衔接教育观念等方面的调查结果显示,绝大部分家长认为自己在促进孩子幼小衔接的教育方面负有一定的责任,然而在实际的教育过程中却常常走进误区,比如对孩子将来的学历抱有过高期望,对孩子的认知学习过于重视等.因此,幼儿园教师应积极引导家长建立正确的教育观念,开展科学的幼小衔接教育活动.     

评我国结婚制度中的家庭自治与国家介入

婚姻家庭法调整对象的特殊性决定了其确认和保护的本位主体有两个:一是社会,二是个人。保护社会利益需要国家介入,保护个体利益则要重视家庭自治,这就要求婚姻家庭法要充分协调二者之间的关系。我国现行结婚制度注意到了家庭自治与国家介入关系的协调,但在一些方面也存在国家介入不当的问题,需要进一步完善。     

美国印第安人家庭伦理模式的嬗变 ——以《爱药》为例

通过探索《爱药》中印第安人三代人玛丽、琼以及利普沙代表的圣徒型、怨偶型以及互助互爱型的不同家庭伦理模式,发现生活在美国社会边缘的少数族裔的婚姻家庭伦理模式发生深刻的转变,其原因主要有白人基督教的影响,美国主流社会价值的影响,以及其自身婚姻家庭生存的需要.     

创造与赶超:国民革命与现代家庭空间中的性别书写——以《创造》为中心

《创造》凸显了民国时期现代家庭空间中仍存在的不平等的两性关系。小说一方面承认国民革命的话语和实践有助于民国女性深刻意识到两性间不断"赶超"与"被赶超"的现代"中间物"命运,进而提供改变女性社会家庭地位的可能性;另一方面又发现了国民革命的话语和实践的限度,即不能确保性别赶超的必然性和实然性,同时还可能延续性别之间既有的失衡模式。     

Taste preferences as a function of food deprivation during original taste exposure

It has been reported previously that rats prefer a flavor they consumed under high deprivation to a flavor they consumed under low deprivation (Revusky, 1967). Here it was found that this preference occurs only if nutritive solutions are used and the flavors are given preceding and following eating. If flavors are given separately from the daily feeding, rats prefer the flavor given under low deprivation, whether or not a nutritive solution is used (Experiment 3). If flavors are given before and after the daily feeding, rats prefer the flavor they had under high deprivation (before feeding) more if sucrose solutions are used than if saccharin solutions are used and more on a high-deprivation test than on a low-deprivation test (Experiments 1 and 2). It was concluded that the “incentive value” of consumption is not necessarily higher under high deprivation than under low deprivation. The preference for the low-deprivation flavor obtained here may reflect a greater proportional rewarding effect of consumption under low deprivation or may reflect an aversion to the flavor consumed under high deprivation. Perhaps a small taste of flavor under high deprivation initiates responses of digestion that are unsatisfied and thus aversive, and the more so the higher the deprivation level.     

Family Socialisation and Children's School Outcomes: an investigation of a parenting model

The study investigated relationships between the dimensions of a parenting model and children's school outcomes. Also, a bioecological model was examined which proposes that proximal parenting processes have the general effect of mediating relationships between distal social contexts and children's outcomes, while advantageous individual characteristics enhance associations between proximal family processes and children's characteristics. Data were collected from 900 (460 boys, 440 girls) 11 year‐old Australian children and their parents. The findings suggest that: (a) a parenting model defined by parents’ aspirations, parenting practices, and parenting style has modest to moderate concurrent validity in relation to children's academic achievement and school attitudes, (b) the proximal processes of the parenting model mediate substantially the relationships between family social status and children's academic achievement but not the associations between intellectual ability and outcomes; and (c) there are sex‐group differences in the nature of the relationships between the dimensions of the parenting model and children's school outcomes.     

略论农村留守儿童的家教问题——以惠安县调查为例

文章在惠安县留守儿童情况调查的基础上,研究农村留守儿童的家教问题,认为父母长期外出打工并不必然导致留守儿童的发展问题,同时指出农村留守儿童的家庭教育关键在于做好两点：加强亲子交流和提高家长素质。