我国特殊教育公平现状及应对策略的研究

文章主要分析了我国特殊教育中的不公平现象以及这些现象存在的原因,揭示了特殊教育的产品属性,提出了政府应当承担特殊教育的责任,保障特殊教育的公平,这是促进特殊教育公平的核心。     

美国《残疾人教育法案》：法理、实践及其公平意义

本文依据20世纪晚期美国国会通过的《残疾人教育法案》,结合美国特殊教育实践,尤其是特殊教育实践中发生的具体的法律争议和相关措施,评介美国社会追求残疾学生教育公平的实践过程,这一过程包含残疾学生鉴定、残疾学生教育、残疾学生服务和残疾学生治疗。美国残疾人教育公平的理念与实践,有助于启发我们进一步关注残疾人教育,对促进我国特殊教育事业的进步,具有借鉴意义。     

35 YEARS OF BJSE: Personal reflections on 35 years of BJSE

Christina Tilstone was, for many years, the editor of BJSE and subsequently became the chair of the Editorial Board for the nasen journals. She is therefore in an excellent position to reflect upon the contribution the journal has made to the field over the past 35 years. In this article, she traces the origins of the journal back over 100 years. She notes the launch of BJSE's ancestor, Special Education: Forward Trends, and shares the contents of the issue of this journal that marked the publication of Mary Warnock's seminal report in 1978 and the development of the notion of inclusion. She goes on to describe the metamorphosis of Special Education: Forward Trends into BJSE in 1985 and soon after that, in 1992, the formation of nasen – still BJSE's sponsoring organisation. Christina Tilstone records the origins of BJSE's valued ‘Research Section’, now building a substantial archive of educational research papers, and the popular ‘Focus on Practice’ feature that enables practitioners to share reports of their work. She also notes the role that BJSE's other regular features, ‘Book Reviews’, ‘Politics Page UK’ and ‘Notes from the SENCo‐Forum’ (itself now ten years old) have played in the journal's recent national and international success.     

Special education and general education – coordinated or separated? A study of curriculum planning for pupils with special educational needs

The central issue of this article is the coordination between special and general education in curriculum planning for pupils with special educational needs. The focus is on individual education plans (IEPs) in special education and work plans in general education. This is also viewed in relation to how special and general education teachers cooperate on planning. The analysis is based on a qualitative interview study with special and general education teachers in four primary and lower secondary schools in two municipalities. A clear pattern is shown in the study, where curriculum planning for special and general education is not very coordinated and cooperation between special and general education teachers is often very limited. Thus, curriculum planning within special and general education appears to be more separated than coordinated. The two groups of teachers appear to adopt traditional and partly separate roles, and tend to plan individually rather than together. Responsibility for the education of pupils with special needs seems to be more divided than shared.     

'My eyes went wide open'– an evaluation of the special needs education awareness course at Molepolole College of Education, Botswana

This article is an evaluation of the special needs education awareness course run at Molepolole College of Education, Botswana. The course directly reflects the Government of Botswana's policy on special education and seeks to provide students with a wide range of skills and knowledge to help them identify and support pupils with a variety of special needs. It also seeks to examine teachers' attitudes towards the inclusion of children with a wide range of learning support needs in the ordinary school. The evaluation was carried out by Gareth Dart, senior lecturer in the Department of Special Needs Education at Molepolole College of Education, who, in this article, reports the views of the first cohort of student graduates to complete the full course. This account also includes feedback from staff at schools who were involved with supervising the students as they did their special education assignments while on teaching practice. Feedback from the students and teachers is very positive in terms of the content and effect of the course although Gareth Dart suggests that a more thorough evaluation will have to wait until the graduates have been in the field some time. In the future, there will be a need to assess the long-term impact of the course upon the practice of teachers; to review the sustainability of this form of teacher education; and to make judgements about the influence that new generations of teachers have upon schools and policies promoting inclusion.     

改革开放以来中国教育事业发展问题研究

改革开放以来,我国教育事业发展取得了巨大成就,同时亦面临诸多困难和挑战,要从落实教育优先发展的战略地位、加大财政对教育的投入、全力促进教育公平、全面推进素质教育、处理好量力而行和尽力而为的关系等方面入手,促进教育事业健康发展。     

SEN inclusion and pupil achievement in English schools

This paper presents and discusses the key findings from a study funded by the Department for Education and Skills (DfES) that explored the relationship between achievement and inclusion in mainstream schools in England. Overall the results indicate that, although there is a small statistical relationship between inclusion and academic achievement, this is unlikely to impact on a school's overall performance. This is partly because of the large degree of variation among schools, suggesting that there are other factors within a school's make up rather than its degree of inclusivity which impact on the average achievements of its pupils. This was confirmed by the findings from a number of case study visits. The overall conclusion from the study is that mainstream schools need not be concerned about the potentially negative impact on the overall academic achievements of their pupils through including pupils with special educational needs (SEN) in their schools.     

The influence of the inclusion of visually impaired pupils on teachers’ conceptualisations of inclusion and SEND

Despite progression in policy towards greater inclusion over the last four decades, teacher insecurities regarding a lack of expertise in special educational needs and disability (SEND) remain. This qualitative case study research investigated the influence of the inclusion of visually impaired pupils on teachers’ conceptualisations of inclusion and SEND. Baseline and end-of-study surveys were undertaken with teachers (n = 13) and support staff (n = 8) who would be working with a visually impaired pupil for the first time. Classroom observations and end-of-study interviews were undertaken with teachers in Key Stage 2 (n = 2) and Key Stage 3 (n = 5). Addressing VI inclusion did not require significant acquisition of specialist knowledge but could be managed successfully through ongoing, small-scale changes. These changes were sufficient to trigger reflection on the choice of pedagogical approaches and challenge teachers’ conceptions of inclusion through changed knowledge and understandings of how some children learn. Findings support the view that what constitutes special in addressing SEND is less a need for specific pedagogical strategies but rather teacher capacity for reflection and reappraisal such that they deepen their understanding of inclusive practice.