作为社会修辞的中国当代文论

作为一种社会修辞,中国当代文论近60年的发展过程中,话语策略呈现明显的标志性、断裂性,具体表征为政治修辞、审美修辞和文化修辞的交错更替。修辞形态的转换,是社会历史语境变迁的产物,也是知识生产自身逻辑演进的结果。但文论中蕴涵的人文精神传统不能丢失。     

Sun‐zi and the art of war: The rhetoric of parsimony

Daoist (Taoist) philosophical rhetoric is an integral part of China's magnificent cultural heritage, and analysis of Daoist rhetoric offers the potential to enhance understanding of human communication and inform rhetorical theory and practice. While studies of Daoist rhetoric are increasing, a masterpiece of Daoist thought, Sun‐zi's (Sun‐tzu's) Art of War, has not been examined for its rhetorical implications. This study suggests that war is a useful metaphor for rhetoric, and that Art of War provides a comprehensive, insightful, and unique rhetorical theory based on parsimony: extreme economy in the expenditure of resources.     

Interdisciplinarity and Bibliography in Rhetoric of Health and Medicine

This essay examines the current state of rhetoric of health and medicine as a subfield strongly dependent on interdisciplinary contributions. While some of the field's research comes from scholars trained in rhetorical history and theory, much of it consists of “rhetorical” commentary by nonrhetoricians in disciplines such as anthropology, sociology, psychology, philosophy, history, and cultural criticism. The author examines questions of the relation of rhetorical research to discourse research in other fields, and considers what might count, especially in graduate student training, as rhetorical study of health and medicine.     

修辞批评的价值和意义

修辞批评作为文学批评最重要的一种形式,它在当代的复兴,对文学批评实践具有重要的理论价值和意义,这可以从两方面看：一是从西方现代修辞批评角度看,对修辞本性的哲学反思,将修辞看成是一种话语实践,看成是对真理的认识和表现,有助于人们重新认识文学和文学性问题;另一方面则可以从修辞批评与中国古代文学理论关系看,认识到中国古代文学理论更靠近修辞批评这一特色,以更好地发掘中国古代文学理论的价值。     

修辞学批评：走出技巧论

走出技巧层面的修辞学批评,一是向修辞诗学延伸。二是向修辞哲学延伸。前者研究文本的修辞设计和诗学关联;后者从话语方式向人的存在方式提升,研究修辞如何参与人的精神建构。结论是：人创造了修辞,修辞也塑造着人。     

先秦儒家的修辞批评观——以《四书》为例

重新解读以《四书》为代表的先秦儒家经典文本,对其中的修辞批评现象进行梳理和总结,可以发现先秦儒家在自身的话语共同体内无形中确立了“言说厚德”“修辞立诚”“言闻从礼”“言行及义”等言说规范,以及“察言观色”“听言现行”“知言及人”等修辞批评方法。以孔子和孟子为代表的先秦儒家,在宣扬儒家思想的话语实践中逐渐形成了独特的儒家修辞批评观。     

Rhetorical criticism of interpersonal discourse: An exploratory study

This study demonstrates how rhetorical criticism can be utilized to clarify the rhetorical nature of interpersonal discourse. Bitzer's situational theory, Bormann's fantasy theme analysis, and Arnold's criticism of oral rhetoric are synthesized to explain the nature and form of selected portions of taped and transcribed interpersonal dialogue.     

Taking a metaperspective on rhetorical education

This essay takes a metaperspective on what it means to talk about rhetorical education, the subject of this collection. After exploring different senses of what the term may mean, the essay addresses three issues touched upon but not fully developed in the collection: first, the idea that rhetoric has no subject matter of its own but may instead be applied to any subject; second, why there is a cultural and historical moment in which questions of rhetorical education especially come before us; and third, why we should think about rhetoric outside the academy. This review concludes by suggesting that Cicero’s vision of The Orator sums up the aspirations for rhetorical education suggested in this collection.     

古希腊时期主要修辞学派的修辞批评视角

在古希腊时期．以苏格拉底和柏拉图为代表的哲学派从伦理、真理、知识、正义等角度出发,对以高尔吉亚和普罗塔哥拉为代表的诡辩派以及他们的诡辩修辞提出了批判,在批判中逐渐形成修辞批评的伦理视角。诡辩家则对哲学家提出了反批评,并指出了哲学家表面追求真理和正义,其实同时也是通过迎合受众来追求名誉,从而形成了修辞批评的或然性视角。亚里斯多德则抹技术的角度对诡辩家和诡辩修辞提出了分析,并在这种分析中形成了修辞批评的技术分析视角。     

Genetic rhetorical criticism: An alternative methodology for studying multi-versioned rhetorical works

This essay presents genetic rhetorical criticism as an alternative methodology for the study of multi-versioned rhetorical works. In contrast to methodologies of textual authentication, which focus on the synchronic delivery of public address, genetic rhetorical criticism focuses on the diachronic movement of writing that both precedes and exceeds the work’s introduction to public history. It does so by affirming the value of unauthorized versions of rhetorical works, which deepen the field’s understanding of both particular rhetorical works and the textual dynamics of rhetoric. To support these claims, this essay reassesses the textual histories of both Abraham Lincoln’s “Gettysburg Address” and Kenneth Burke’s A Rhetoric of Motives. Engaging both works simultaneously shows that there are fundamental features of textuality that unite speech-centered and writing-centered rhetorical works. It also demonstrates that the textual histories of rhetorical works can support multiple scholarly interpretations.     

US and Russian traditions in rhetoric,education and culture

Traditional rhetoric attempts to find the available means of persuasion in public assemblies, law courts and ceremonials and is grounded in cultural values and beliefs. Traditional rhetoric supports the development of social communities and posits education as a primary means of maintaining these communities. In contrast, contemporary alternatives to traditional rhetoric recognize multiple cultural values both within and between social communities and seek larger unities that encompass but do not eradicate individual and communal differences. US rhetorician Kenneth Burke seeks syntheses among multiple and potentially competing persuasive acts, promotes educational practices of mutual respect and reciprocal learning and advocates a rhetorical theory and practice with potentially global reach. Russian literary theorist Mikhail M. Bakhtin envisions novelistic practices of polyphony, heteroglossia and carnival as modes of dialogue that embrace individual differences within larger, more complex unities. These complementary rhetorical and dialogical practices support US multiculturalism and Russian transculturalism, respectively, but they also and more significantly promote dialogue across cultural boundaries as the basis of an intercultural rhetoric and an intercultural approach to curricula across a range of disciplines.     

Banking on the Present: The Ontological Rhetoric of Neo-Classical Economics and Its Relation to the 2008 Financial Crisis

This essay performs a rhetorical criticism of neo-classical economics, with particular attention to its methodological influence on a number of faulty mathematical models that lay at the epicenter of the 2008 financial crisis. Going beyond Goodnight and Green's mimetic conception of economic rhetoric, which positions rhetoric as a site of mediation between symbolic and material spirals, we argue that the rhetoric of neo-classicism is best understood as an “apparatus” that attempts to suture two ontologically incommensurable conceptions of time that we term intensive and extensive. We further argue that the hinge of this rhetorical apparatus centers on a kairotic tactic of arbitrage, which theoretically posits, at the same time that it negates, ontological market failure. We end by exploring rhetorical alternatives to neo-classical economics that take the internally contradictory structure of arbitrage to its emergent conclusions.     

In living memory: Abortion as cultural amnesia

This essay argues that abortion is more than the termination of a pregnancy: it is a metaphor for cultural amnesia. Early medical anti‐abortion rhetoric in the United States established women's bodies as rhetorical sites of cultural memory. Physicians formed a system of mnemonics: cultural truth about humanity was located in women's reproductive physiology, protocols for accessing that truth were formed via diagnostic practices, and a network of bodies (discursive and corporeal) was established through which truth could circulate. In the face of increasing numbers of abortions, physicians made the act of listening to the female body a culturally genealogical act.     

中印修辞(庄严)论中修辞手法的比较

中印修辞论都注重修辞手法的研究。由于中印古代文字及文化传统存在较大差异 ,形成了许多完全不同的修辞手法 ,即使是一些相同或相似的修辞手法 ,也于不同程度上存在论述上的差别。对消极修辞的重视是两国修辞理论存在的共通之处     

论保罗·德曼的修辞语言观

保罗·德曼的修辞语言观实际上是一种“审美化的语言观”。他认为,语言的本性是修辞性即不稳定性,它从根本上悬置了逻辑并对语法起到一定的破坏作用,从而使构成语言科学的语法、逻辑和修辞三者一直处于矛盾的张力关系之中。语言不再是纯粹而明晰的,一切有语言构成的文本便不再有传统意义的凝聚,而是意义的消散。保罗·德曼的修辞语言观作为一种解构思想方式,与启蒙时代的批判思想相似,它虽然有过分强调修辞性对语言的控制之嫌,但也具有一定的历史合理性和现实实用性。     

流行文化的文化修辞

20世纪70年代末以来,流行文化已成为当代社会重要的文化事实和文化存在。流行文化通过各种文本修辞和运作修辞的选择,创造并维持一种基本的修辞关系,修辞关系各方以一种互相填平的方式成全对方;流行文化不仅是一种商品,一项工艺,一种社会力量,而且还是当代社会的一种文化修辞学,一种推动社会发展的特殊经济形态。     

有限的概念术语 无限的发展前景——论王希杰先生的"三一"修辞学理论

当代语言学、修辞学大家王希杰先生的“三一”修辞学理论，反愉部修辞学的问题建立在以下三组概念之上：四个世界、零度和偏离、显性和潜性。这个理论体系抽象出了当代修辞学最重要最基本的概念，提高了 修辞学的科学品位和社会功能，因此，可望为21世纪的修辞学研究带来无限广阔的发展前景。     

Looking to the Future: Electronic Texts and the Deepening Interface

Since the initial appearance of rhetorical analysis of text-based and hypertext communication, the rhetoric of technology has evolved along with the new media forms it studies. This essay reviews critical consensus that calls for a move away from printcentric criticism. It advocates innovative methods for criticism of electronic texts, such as emphasis on comparative media analysis, visual representation, and attention to the programming and codification of electronic texts.     

仿拟性创新词语的积极性与消极性评析

仿拟修辞手段的运用,使作者的批评和揭露有别于一般的直言表达,它营造了嘲讽、讥刺的戏谑效果,冷峻中有犀利的锋芒和机智的攻略,使人心领神会又印象深刻。当下,仿拟性创新词语成为一种时髦,但鱼龙混杂。仿拟修辞应有"积极性"和"消极性"的区别,在构造手法上有仿拟环节,在表达效果上有积极作用的修辞性创新可称为戏仿,凡是具有消极表达取向的应视为恶搞。"积极"的含包括语义、逻辑、语法上的健康性和建设性,"消极"的含义包括语义上的不健康、不正当性,逻辑上的不成立、不可接受性和语法上的不规范或破坏性组合。     

Tripping over Boundary-Stones: Reflections on Engaged Scholarship

Rhetorics are usually written by members of the establishment, but Angelica Balabanoff, a life‐long European socialist speaker and agitator, composed an authentic radical rhetoric consistent with the Marxian social critique and traditional democratic ethics. Her rhetoric foresees some contemporary psychological developments in rhetorical theory and includes an unconventional approach to the enthymeme.