Educational Psychology and its Failings: a reply to Olssen

Olssen has recently claimed that educational psychology, being a derivative of mainstream psychology, is a sham, a pseudo‐science based upon outdated positivist philosophy of science and an inappropriate understanding of the social determinants of individual behaviour and of mind. This article argues, firstly, that educational psychology has a certain independence of psychology in general; secondly, that most modem psychology does not rely on positivism; and, thirdly, that whatever the ultimate roots of behaviours and mental phenomena, it is perfectly logical—indeed it is a necessary part of the discipline—for psychologists to concentrate upon studying and working with individuals.     

Rhetoric Over Reason: The Rhetorical Assault on Education in the Absence of Argument and Evidence in Educational Discourse

Based on an overview of writings published or supported by the Fordham Institute and those associated with it over many years, this article brings together and examines a range of rhetorical tools employed to persuade policymakers and the public of their position. The article argues that in the absence of a reasoned or evidenced position, the rhetorical tools call upon emotions to guide decision making. The result is a form of demagogery. Because they are influential in the public debate on education, it is important that these writings and recommendations be recognized for what they are.     

城市弱势青少年社会心理探析

青少年是国家的未来和希望。在中国现代化的语境中,在当前“以人为本”的社会转型过程中,如何正确引导城市弱势青少年的健康发展,是一个迫在眉睫的社会问题。本文试从社会心理学的角度来考察当代城市弱势青少年的社会心理现状,并提出从社会、家庭、学校、社区、个体等多个层面来进行调适,以期促其更好地适应和促进社会的良性运行和协调发展。     

修辞的本质与功能——兼论修辞与和谐社会的构建

本文拟从西方修辞学的角度探究构建和谐社会的途径.关于修辞学在发展和维护社会和谐方面的作用是一个值得探究的广泛而深刻的问题,它探索在建立和维护一个社会时修辞学的特殊功能,探讨人类是否依靠修辞创造和谐,达到一个理性社会所需要的在工作和生活中的协作、最终取得同一性以及共同的社会价值取向.本文将修辞置于社会结构关系和社会人际互动的背景中进行考察,分析社会心理认知、话语认知与修辞行为的动态共变关系,揭示修辞的规律与目的,探讨修辞的本质与功能.     

英汉委婉语的文化透视

委婉语是英、汉语中共同的语言现象，它的产生基于共同的心理—避讳心理、求雅心理、补偿心理、礼貌心理和掩饰心理，但英汉委婉语反映了各自不同的社会文化背景，本文探讨了英汉委婉语发展历史和产生的心理基础；并着重从语义和语音两个方面探讨了英语委婉语的构造方式及英汉委婉语在社会生活中的应用。     

From the Parlor to the Barnyard: Obama and Holder on Race

This essay explores Barack Obama's “A More Perfect Union” speech and Eric Holder's speech marking African American History Month as a case study of contemporary public discourse on race. This article argues that in these speeches, Obama and Holder perform the social drama of race relations in profoundly different ways. Drawing on the Burkean parlor and barnyard as metaphors of rhetorical form, the analysis demonstrates the interplay of these dialogic and agonistic forms in motivating democratic deliberation on race. Implications of these rhetorical forms for healthy democratic practice are discussed.     

What's Civic About Technical Communication? Technical Communication and the Rhetoric of Community

Although the concept of community has been advanced in technical communication as a moral reference point for civic rhetorical action, this concept is typically used in romantic, redemptive, and essentializing ways. This article argues for a radical and symbolic/rhetorical view of community, regarding it a discursive construct purposefully invoked by technical writers for strategic reasons.     

Observing Inscriptions at Work: Visualization and Text Production in Experimental Physics Research

This article presents a case study that examined how practices of visualization and text production converge in an experimental physics research setting. Findings suggest that visuals communicate meaning and become persuasive through their ability to index in different ways the technical dimensions of laboratory work. The author argues that examining the coproduction of visuals and texts in the scientific workplace contributes insights into the technical objectives and rhetorical motives they are designed to serve.     

论中国农村反贫困社会心理支持系统的构建

农村贫困问题关系到国家稳定、发展和富强。在反贫困过程中,越来越凸显了人的主体性作用,特别是人的心理素质的提高。本文从社会心理学的角度来剖析当前中国农村贫困群体的社会心理,提出从成就动机、认知模式、社会情感、社会态度、人际交往等方面来构建中国农村反贫困社会心理支持系统,强调政府、媒体、心理咨询机构、教育、社会保障制度等的作用,重塑农村贫困群体健康、成熟的社会心理,为实现全面小康社会打下坚实的社会心理基础。     

Life,liberty, and the handgun: The function of synecdoche in the Brady Bill debate

This essay identifies the debate over the Brady Bill as part of a longstanding public argument rooted in two conflicting views of handguns that conceptualize competing social realities, and it argues that the social constructions of the handgun, in divergent synecdochic forms, shape the debate and maintain controversy over gun control. The divergent representations of the handgun in the debate are viewed as tactical components of competing discourses that function to sustain the practice of handgun ownership rights on the one hand, and to replace that practice on the other. Thus the critical task in this essay is to identify these synecdochal representations of the handgun as vital to both the construction and maintenance of competing social realities in the debate over the Brady Bill, and to demonstrate how such representations serve as divergent rhetorical constructs for competing interests.     

“1＋1＋1”社会心理学实验课教学模式初探

为了提高医学院校应用心理学专业学生的学习积极性和实验教学质量,分析了现阶段社会心理学实验教学的局限性,据此提出了＂1＋1＋1＂社会心理学实验课教学模式并取得了显著效果。     

Radioactive Waste and Technical Doubts: Genre and Environmental Opposition to Nuclear Waste Sites

This article argues that fact sheets produced by environmental activists in response to proposed nuclear waste repositories constitute a new genre of scientific rhetoric. By analyzing the rhetorical features of these texts, including the simultaneous reliance on and distrust of scientific evidence, this article demonstrates how effective environmental activists' texts can be, in spite of the constraints and pressures of their rhetorical situation.     

Lesotho's highly credentialed teachers: Emergent forms of teacher social becoming

Abstract

This is a qualitative study examining the phenomenon of large numbers of secondary teachers with graduate-level degrees in Lesotho. This article draws upon the concepts of social becoming and resiliency to explore how teachers navigate their social structural environment, which fits the definition of a crisis. This article argues that teachers show high levels of resiliency – even thriving – along with positive and negative coping skills. Coping skills include self-enhancement, negative coping skills such as dissociation, and persistence. Obtaining an advanced degree involves an interplay of positive and negative coping skills, depending on the individual and circumstances. Policy is advocated that recognises and supports teachers as both traditional educators and frontline disaster responders, by drawing upon emergent forms of teacher becoming.     

bbs修辞:网络文化的产物

一种新的文化--网络文化正在形成,而其中bbs是一种最突出、最活跃、最迷人、最具有个性的网络文化产物.作为新的通信手段以及当代人的新观念的一种自然的反映,bbs中特殊的修辞现象恰到好处地将这种新生事物的特殊性在语言中表现出来了,它充当了众多网民交流思想情感、互通信息、张扬个性的必备工具.本文对所收集的bbs语料进行基本的修辞语用分析,探索几种bbs修辞现象产生的原因及其机制,并尝试从社会文化和社会心理学的角度予以阐释,试图勾勒出一个bbs修辞的基本轮廓.     

《庄子》的修辞语境观及其实践

重温经典,发现2000多年前的庄子,已经在修辞语境观及其实践方面取得了非凡的成就。一方面,庄子明确提出了话语建构应切合时代与社会环境、修辞活动要因人而异、修辞活动要切合接受者的心理等主张,在言与境合方面有较为成熟的理论认知与理论提炼,并能切实地身体力行;另一方面,庄子还自觉地、创造性地营造虚境、梦境等言说环境以有效地言道与传道,在设境显旨方面也有熟练的实践。庄子的修辞语境理论及其实践,将为我国当代语境学建设提供丰富的传统营养与资源。     

Communicating in classical contexts: The centrality of delivery

During the 1991 Persian Gulf War, the apparent success of the Patriot missile defense system served as the official centerpiece of a rhetorical campaign to portray Operation Desert Storm as an unprecedented mission ushering in a new era of American military dominance based on technological superiority. Post‐war disclosures have not only cast serious doubt on Patriot's wartime performance, but have also exposed a widespread program of strategic deception employed by Pentagon officials to protect the fiction of Patriot's Gulf War wizardry. This essay explains how Gulf War audiences were misled, assesses the rhetorical windfall flowing from perceived Patriot effectiveness, and criticizes the Pentagon's campaign of strategic deception as normatively bankrupt.     

Rhetoric and the origins of the human sciences: A Foucauldian tale untold

Michel Foucault’s famous history of the human sciences focused on “the order of things” and in doing so it overwhelmed a rhetorical perspective that can track the arts of moving souls: pedagogy, politics, and psychology. If we revisit Foucault from a rhetorical perspective there are consequences: (1) at the level of architectonic, we rediscover rhetoric’s role at the inception of the human sciences, and (2) at the level of thematic, we can make better sense of rhetorical phenomena such as the sixteenth-/seventeenth-century sacred arts of listening, which feature a “public ear.” Foucault’s late interest in the pastoral picks up this rhetorical thread, although he never was able to revise the disciplinary and biopolitical history implicated therein. This article initiates just such a revision, paying particular attention to historiographic questions, and to recent discussions of biopower that wind up looking very different from this rhetorical perspective.     

英语广告语修辞中的社会心理分析

本文旨在从社会心理学的角度对英语广告文本的修辞效果进行分析。本文从广告文本中使用的双关,对比,头韵等修辞手段入手,分析广告文本如何通过各种修辞手段营造气势美、音乐美和寓意美,从而提高广告受众对产品的接受度,诱发受众的购买欲望。     

叙事的修辞——Arnesen在海湾紧急峰会上演讲的叙事修辞批评

以Walter Fisher创立的叙事范式为理论框架,对墨西哥湾漏油事件发生后Kindra Arnesen在海湾紧急峰会上的演讲进行叙事修辞批评。Arnesen演讲中的修辞情景因素以及它的修辞运作揭示了该演讲旨在影响听众,说服他们积极自救的"以叙事行事"的修辞行为的本质。