How to Understand the Gene in the Twenty-First Century?

It is widely acknowledged in the literature on philosophy of biology and, more recently, among biologists themselves that the gene concept is currently in crisis. This crisis concerns the so-called “classical molecular concept”, according to which a gene is a DNA segment encoding one functional product, which can be either a RNA molecule or a polypeptide. In this paper, we first describe three categories of anomalies that challenge this way of understanding genes. Then, we discuss proposals for revising the gene concept so as to accommodate the increasingly known complexity of genomic architecture and dynamics. Our intention is to provide an informative overview of recent proposals concerning how we should conceive of genes, which are probably not very familiar to many science educators and teachers, but can bring relevant contributions to genetics teaching, in particular, to a more critical treatment of genes and their role in living systems.     

Euclidean Embodiments in the Twenty-First Century: An Allegorical Ode to Aldous Huxley (1894–1963)

Interchange - An allegorical thought experiment occurring in a pseudo Huxleyean world in the future is conducted, in which “Euclidean” geometry has been forgotten and can only be...     

Misconceptions About Human Rights and Women’s Rights in Islam

This paper aims to clarify three current misconceptions about the Islamic faith and issues of human rights and women’s rights in the West. The first misconception is that Muslims are terrorists because they believe in Jihad. It is factually the case that Islamic teachings stress the value of peace and prosperity for all human beings. The second misconception is that Muslims prohibit scientific knowledge and only aim to seek religious knowledge. To the contrary, Qur’an emphasizes that the opportunity to seek all forms of knowledge is a human right and responsibility of all Muslims. The third misconception and perhaps, the most controversial, is that Islam oppresses women. In reality, Islam offers women the right to make their own choices in the areas of education, business, and property, to name a few. By sharing my own experiential narrative as a Muslim born woman and that of a Canadian women who converted to Islam, I can actually see the similarities between human rights in Islam and the United Nation’s Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948).     

Philosophy and Methods for China’s Vocational Education Curriculum Reforms in the Early Twenty-First Century

Curriculum reform is an important aspect of progress in China’s vocational education in the twenty-first century. The past decade’s round of reforms were unprecedented in China in terms of both the scope and depth of their impact. They have and will continue to dramatically alter the nation’s vocational education curriculum and teaching methods. This article addresses the objectives, philosophy, and design of these curriculum reforms.     

Human Rights Education through the ‘Facing History and Ourselves’ Program

Abstract

This study examined the effects of the Facing History and Ourselves (FHAO) human rights program on moral development and psychological functioning. The FHAO curriculum significantly increased 8th grade students’ moral reasoning (Rest's 1979 Defining Issues Test) without adversely impacting on their psychological well‐being (scores on depression, hopelessness or self‐worth inventories). Girls were more empathic and had higher levels of social interest; boys had higher global self‐worth scores; there were no differences between boys and girls in their moral reasoning scores and no gender differences in the psychological impact of the course. This study adds to the literature which suggests that human rights education positively affects students’ moral development.     

“Rights are the Words for Being Fair”: Multicultural Practice in the Early Childhood Classroom

This article addresses the practices of multiculturalism and social justice as they are explored by an early childhood classroom. In response to the school requirement of participation in the Martin Luther King assembly, the children and their teachers seek to create a meaningful contribution reflective of the children’s voices and conceptions of justice and equality. The article examines classroom practices as children and teachers co-construct meaning around multiculturalism in early childhood. Through classroom research and discussion, the children develop their own concepts around these issues, finding meaningful ways to share their knowledge with the larger school community.     

From Reader＇s Responsibility to Viewer＇s Responsibility Subtitling under the Guidance of Relevance Theory

电影是一种具有鲜明大众性、广泛性和传播性的文化形态,也是人们了解外国文化的重要窗口和途径。事实上,很多人并不具备直接欣赏外语影片的能力。因此,作为一种新兴而又特殊的翻译模式,电影字幕翻译已经成为翻译园地中愈来愈重要的领域。在字幕翻译中,字幕翻译者基于自己认知语境中的各种知识连接起原作者与目的语观众双方,试图取得翻译字幕的关联性,产生最佳的语境效果,使得目的语观众通过字幕,以最小的努力来充分理解和欣赏电影。通过对字幕、字幕翻译的特点与原则以及关联理论对字幕翻译的解释力进行分析,基于格特“读者的责任”这一观点,我们提出“观众的责任”——观众在欣赏影片时的参与度与宽容,从而促进文化交流的成功。     

Social Conventions and Human Tragedy in Richard Jefferies “the Acorn Gatherer”

Social conventions sometimes are regarded as valuable treasure in some culture. But it can also lead to human tragedy. The Arti cle here tried to look into the social and religious conventions behind the human tragedy in Richard Jefferies’ short story "the Acorn Gath erer" and how those conventions and people’s belief affect the relationship between the grandmother and her grandson in the short story. The article discussed the underlying causes to the tragedy from three aspects, the outside pressure, the inner factors and the problem of the society. It attempted to explain how the social pressure influenced the attitude and action of the grandmother, how her inner belief com pelled herself to maltreat the boy and how the social convention and religious belief made the society seemingly pitiless and indifferent. It is also indicated that social and religious conventions still have a lasting effect on how people think and act in today’s world.     

Human Sciences,Sport Sciences,and the Need to Study People “In the Round”

The current orthodoxy regarding science within sport science is rethought so as to enable the social sciences to enter the field and allow for a debate over the nature and purpose of the sport sciences. An alternative vision of the potential of the sport sciences is proposed: A more “scientific” picture of human beings may be produced if human beings are studied “in the round,” capturing them as whole selves, not as isolated physiological or psychological units. If a multidisciplinary synthesis were adopted, the subject, via its component disciplines, would provide a model for the reintegration of disciplines in the urgent need to study people in human-development and not performance-efficiency terms.     

United Kingdom—Scotland: Corporal Punishment and the European Court of Human Rights

By judgment delivered at Strasbourg on February 25, 1982, in the case of Campbell and Cosans, the European Court of Human Rights held, by six votes to one, that Mrs. Campell and Mrs. Cosans had been victims of a violation of the second sentence of Article 2 of Protocol No. 1¹ to the European Convention of Human Rights on account of the existence of corporal punishment as a disciplinary measure in the schools attended by their children. The Court also held, by the same majority, that the suspension of Mrs. Cosans' son from school following his refusal to accept such punishment amounted to a denial of his right to education, contrary to the first sentence of the said Article 2.     

Educational Capital in the Elementary School of the Mid‐Nineteenth Century

This essay discusses the life and work of Elise van Calcar (1822–1904), a writer and maternal feminist who introduced Froebel’s kindergarten in the Netherlands. Van Calcar also was the leader of a Christian branch of spiritualism. The focus is pointed at parallels between her reading of Froebel and of ‘messages’ from spirits in the ‘other world’ with whom she claimed to be in touch during spiritualist séances. Both Froebel’s Romantic pedagogy and spiritualism put emphasis on harmony and synthesis. Each of her projects was an attempt to transcend the dichotomy between the public and the private. Spiritual motherhood ruled the kindergarten and non-conformist religion, alternative medicine and Froebel training were practised at home. Both the kindergarten movement and spiritualism made her promote a ‘natural’ approach. Yet, she never stopped warning of the danger of leaving a child’s moral development to nature. Like a garden a child had to be worked upon.     

On the Contradiction between Industrialization and Human Beings in“Odor of Chrysanthemums”

Growing up in a coal-miner family, Lawrence hated industrialization and insisted that industrialization destroyed natu?ral and human world. The destruction of industrialization on natural and human wor...     

Life in the 21st Century（初三适用）

Life in the 21st century will be different form life in the 20th century,be-cause many changes will take place in the new century.but what will thechanges be?