真实的缺席——大众传媒图景中的现实生活

在进入大众传播媒介时代的今天 ,人们信任且依赖于大众传媒了解现实世界的物、人、事 ,却无形中获得了一种“缺席的真实”。换而言之 ,以电视、网络为典型代表的大众传媒在展现真实世界的同时 ,随意缩放、歪曲 ,甚至掩盖了真实 ,使大众处于一种缺席的或者说想像中的真实状态中而不自知。而这一切皆由科技的进步、文化的发展、社会转型以及审美要求等多种因素造成。     

"虚拟现实"科幻电影叙事的历史渊源

在当代媒介社会,尤其是美国等发达国家中,大众传播媒介颠覆了现实和形象的关系,形象不仅仅只是现实的反映."虚拟现实"科幻电影就是以当代社会中的媒介技术现状和发展趋势作为叙事基础,形象地传达了人们对信息技术和人的发展关系的哲学思考,突出表现真实与虚拟这两个含有终极意义的命题在媒介社会中的意义.文章追溯"虚拟现实"科幻电影叙事的历史渊源,关注虚拟现实电影在历史发展过程中与现实社会、文化传统之间所构成的联系.     

虚拟偶像：一个文化寓言的解读

科技的发展,使得利用计算机技术可以模拟任何想象的事物。拟像已经作为一个重要的文化角色渗透到当代文化和生活中,在某种程度上,它成为了现实。美国导演安德鲁.尼科尔的作品《虚拟偶像》,以一个落拓的好莱坞导演与计算机合成的＂完美＂女演员西蒙妮的故事,形象地演绎了消费时代拟像与真实、明星传播现象、大众传媒与娱乐经济的共谋、真实与谎言等多重涵义。     

State of rhetoric: neoliberal discourses for education in state of the state addresses and gubernatorial press releases

ABSTRACT

Policy elites use rhetoric in speeches and press releases to provide framing that is intended to influence public opinion. These rhetorical events can be treated as instances in which speech usefully promotes particular discourses. Indeed, elected officials are able to influence how individuals think about problems and solutions through speeches and press releases. Two important rhetorical events in which political elites advance frames for social issues are annual state of the state addresses (SoSA) given by U.S. governors and gubernatorial press releases that inform media reporting about state policy. This study employed policy discourse and rhetorical analyses to examine SoSAs and press releases as rhetorical events within the context of educational policy. Our findings show that governors framed the roles of state government, governors, and educational stakeholders within a discourse that perpetuates a neoliberal version of education. In this framing, governors situated education’s purpose as being workforce and economic development, ignoring its role in addressing social issues and preparing informed, engaged participants for democratic society. Given that individuals make decisions about how to address social issues and understand public institutions based on framing provided by political elites, these findings raise implications for state educational policies and the public purposes of education.     

论广告的语言艺术

广告是经过"艺术处理"的信息,通过大众传播媒介进行传播,具有较强的公开性和广泛性等的本质特征。因此,讲求广告的修辞艺术就显得非常重要。     

“以言动众”的艺术——论比彻的修辞形势理论

比彻的修辞形势理论对修辞形势这一概念作了清晰的表述。比彻强调修辞者需要通过适切的话语反应“动员”受众,使受众在思想和行动上完全参与到相关形势之中而成为改变现实的干预力量。如何实现“以言动众”正是适应修辞形势的关键。现当代修辞大家的思想洞见和美国反恐话语分别从理论和实践两个层面对此做了生动注解。     

从媒介现实到受众现实--从框架理论看国内媒体"非典型肺炎"报道

从媒介现实到受众现实是传播学的框架理论研究的重要课题。以国内媒体报道非典型肺炎为个案，对疫情发源地——广州三大报《南方日报》、《羊城晚报》、《广州日报》的相关报道进行内容分析，探讨其新闻框架；同时，根据每一时期流言传播情况、社会人心安定情况，分析受众接受框架，通过二者比较证实预先理论假设：新闻媒体在反映客观现实时，会根据一定标准框选、凸显事件的特殊部分；受众在接受媒体报道时，也会表现出一定选择，从而形成媒介框架与受众框架的趋同、协商或对立。     

中国传媒业集团化发展思路的再研究

从中国传媒业集团化发展模式的客观条件和中国社会特有的经济、政治和文化现实出发,深入考察集团化发展思路已经出现的"原地集合"、"产权残缺"、"内部人控制"、"效率低下"等种种问题,并根据中国本土化发展的现实可行性,提出了基于传媒经济客观价值规律的实践策略与思路。     

论大众传媒对路遥小说的传播

考察路遥小说的传播情况会发现：路遥小说的传播凭借了印刷媒介、广‘播媒介、影视媒介及网络媒介,涵盖了所有的大众传媒,媒体对路遥小说的传播与接受起了极大的促进作用。究其原因。除厂媒介主动对路遥小说的传播之外,还在于路遥小说反映了现实生活,具有现实主义的深度和广度,因而路遥小说具有非常庞大的受众群体,被广泛而持久地阅读。     

A field-based rhetorical critique of ethical accountability

This essay suggests that the concept of interdependence provides a rhetorical telos for research ethics. Current field-based rhetoric work advocates for a postcolonial research ethic. However, this is often articulated with a discourse of ethical accountability. Although it has advantages, accountability limits us by excluding ethical pursuit and reifying people as autonomous individuals. In contrast, interdependence helps complete the liberatory trajectory of postcolonial research ethics. Drawing on work in a recent field site, I argue that interdependence encourages scholars to see dilemmas as an opportunity for rhetorical response and ethical lament, helps scholars take creative action to be shaped by participants directly, and helps scholars explain to others why they pursue ethical actions beyond what is socially required.     

论文学视域与修辞幻象

修辞幻象即语言制造的幻觉。视域在文学作品中以语言形态出现．当这种形态指称的所指超越了客观现实时，便常出现修辞幻象。文学视域在表现内容和表现形式上的多样性给修辞幻象以极大的空间，修辞幻象的审美价值也拓展了文学语言的表现视域。视域与修辞幻象间既有特定的对应关系，又有着错综复杂的多元关系。修辞幻象的生成和领悟，是作者与读者的一种视域沟通。考察文学视域与修辞幻象之间的关系，对从叙述角度领略文学语言的审美价值有着特殊的意义。     

The symbolic construction of social realities: A case study in the rhetorical criticism of paradox

This essay explores the possibility that a rhetorical figure can create, maintain, and mediate a perspective of reality or worldview. By way of an extended example, the rhetorical figure of paradox is cast as an organizing construct, creating a kind of “order”; or logic among experiences and phenomena typically felt to be at odds with one another. The ways in which a “paradoxical worldview”; can come into existence syntactically, semantically, and pragmatically are specified. In addition, the range of reactions to a paradoxical worldview, for both users and non‐users are described. The essay concludes by identifying prototypes, parameters, and evaluation principles for the analysis of paradoxical worldviews. Thus, this analysis ultimately posits that any rhetorical figure can theoretically generate and control a worldview.     

Now you’re making it up,brother: Paul Robeson,HUAC, and the challenge of institutional narrative authority

In the mid 1950s, the House Committee on Un-American Activities was a rhetorical colossus. Within the closed doors of a hearing, committee members displayed a rhetorical mastery of procedural, topical, and logical moves that left even the best-prepared witnesses sputtering. HUAC used institutional narrative authority as a major rhetorical resource. This strategy rhetorically produced a narrative “reality” conducive to achieving institutional goals. Having established the “official” version of events, the committee situated further argumentation within a value hierarchy that placed national security above “secondary” values that witnesses attempted to invoke in their defenses. A notable exception to the committee's rhetorical dominance came in the 1956 testimony of Paul Robeson, an African American singer and activist who had been called before the committee to answer for pro-Soviet statements he made while traveling abroad. Using a number of rhetorical tactics to disrupt the institutional narrative, Robeson was able to recontextualize his comments within an interpretive framework of racial justice in America – a debate the committee was less prepared to handle. This article contributes to ongoing studies of institutional rhetoric, especially rhetorical argumentation that takes place within institutional settings.     

大众传媒生态环境下的文学艺术

在当今的大众传播时代,先进的科技手段、大众传媒和现代市场三大元素纠合于一体,交叉覆盖,形成一个强大的大众传媒生态环境,在人类头顶笼罩一层传播文化膜。在这层传播文化膜造成的拟态真实中,文学的生产、传播、接受方式都必将进行大幅度的整合和建构,整个文学生态进而体现出与以往时代不同的特征。     

青少年偶像崇拜与教育策略

偶像崇拜是青少年甚至整个人类的基本精神需求。在当下大众媒介营造的单一娱乐化偶像崇拜语境中,青少年对娱乐偶像狂热追捧和崇拜,而这对青少年极其不利,因此加强青少年偶像崇拜的教育引导具有非凡意义。     

非自由状态下超脱自我的“零余者”形象——从修辞心理学视野解构《春风沉醉的晚上》

《春风沉醉的晚上》是郁达夫极具艺术魅力的一篇小说,作者通过比喻、映衬、别解等一系列修辞手段刻画出了一个栩栩如生的角色“我”,使得读者在阅读时不自觉地与作品、作者进行交流。通过修辞与想象、联想、注意等心理机制结合,揭示“我”在物质、精神、思想和自我意识等方面的状况,指出“我”在修辞心理学中表现的时代特征以及“我”所呈现的对现实、性、人生的思考,体现了小说较高的艺术魅力和修辞价值。     

凸显与遮蔽：媒体中的女研究生形象研究

分析媒体呈现的女研究生报道的叙事文本后，发现媒体的报道特点是突出女研究生的负面新闻，凸显其婚恋、情感和私领域的活动，遮蔽和忽略其在学业、事业上的成就。运用社会性别的分析视角，揭示媒体如何把女研究生客体化、公共角色私人化，建立其心目中的女性形象标准，进而把女性社会角色边缘化。这种对形象的歪曲和重塑事实上是男性话语霸权控制了媒体传播，男性话语形塑着男女两性角色的结果。     

在顺应模式下探析传媒语言中的语码转换

语码转换是言语交际活动中的普遍现象。以语言顺应模式为依据,以国内报纸和电视等媒体语言中的语码转换为例子,探讨其成因,可知传媒用语中的语码转换是双语交际者在语言选择中对于语言现实、社会规约和心理动机等主要语境因素进行顺应的结果。     

The (mis)education of Generation M

The focus of this paper is on the potential problems and challenges presented by the content, quantity and quality of contemporary media influences (electronic, print and digital). Whereas most articles in this arena focus on one form of media influences (e.g., video games), this article looks at the cumulative scope of influence presented by today’s media on the development of young people (ages 5–18). This article reviews previous research and provides resources and recommendations for educators and parents who are, all too often, unaware of the tremendous influence of the media on the development of knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and values. The contemporary social construction of reality via media influences is quickly overtaking the traditional family–school–peer‐based construction of reality. The consequences of this media acculturation are discussed and recommendations and resources for teachers and parents provided.     

“活法”与汉语修辞方法论的原则

唐宋时代兴起的“活法”，不仅涉及到学创作的问题，而且还触及到汉语修辞的问题。从语言学的角度看，“活法”是汉语修辞所特有的语言的语法与言语的修辞、固定性修辞规则与临时性修辞策略的辩证统一。它反映了中国人善于在言语与语境的普遍联系中感受和认识修辞意义的修辞传统，是中国古代修辞方法阴阳并用、正反对待的基本模式的体现。