神话与结构主义

作为法国结构主义思潮的领军人物,列维-斯特劳斯将结构主义方法论运用于神话研究,分析"神话逻辑",旨在找出全人类所共有的原始逻辑或思维方式。该文在介绍结构主义与神话研究的基础上,运用结构主义的分析方法研究印度尼西亚神话"鼠母人子"的结构,挖掘早期人类二元对立的思维方式。     

罗兰·巴特符号学思想述略

罗兰·巴特的符号学思想涵盖了两个领域：文学符号学和文化符号学,文学符号学是结构主义思维方式及结构主义语言学研究模式的产物,注重文本形式各要素之间的结构及其关系,并从“功能”、“行动”和“叙事”三个描述层来显示文本结构运作规则以及在这种运作规则下意义的生产方式;文化符号学以大众文化为研究对象,探讨形式背后的意义并发现大众文化在表现同一个主题——现代神话。现代神话先于表现它的形式而存在,在三级意指系统中被投入,被生成,也被自然化。巴特的文化符号学思想打破了西方始自古希腊的“形式至上”的思维范式,在比形式主义更看重形式的结构主义阶段是一大超越。     

20世纪语言学理论的转向及其哲学背景--从索绪尔到布龙菲尔德到乔姆斯基

20世纪语言学理论经历了三次转向:从历史比较语言学到传统结构主义;从传统结构主义到美国描写结构主义,再到转换生成语法.在每次转向的背后都有着深刻的哲学背景.所谓结构主义其实是描绘人关于世界的思维方式,这种思维方式对结构极为关注;美国描写结构主义实际是站在逻辑实证主义的肩膀上;转换生成语法则带有笛卡尔、康德唯理主义的影子.     

潜逻辑:列维·斯特劳期对神话思维的深层拓展

法国结构主义大师列维·斯特劳斯以现代精神分析学为新的阐释视野,透过各类神话的表象,探索其中的潜意识层面和潜在的逻辑结构、特征及运作方式.     

潜逻辑:列维·斯特劳斯对神话思维的深层拓展

法国结构主义大师列维·斯特劳斯以现代精神分析学为新的阐释视野，透过各类神话的表象，探索其中的潜意识层面和潜在的逻辑结构、特征及运作方式。     

从符号学角度看文学语言的“逻辑背景”

尽管文学语言不是逻辑语言，但是，文学语言所能产生的联想和思维具有一定的“形式”和“范围”，并且这些“形式”和“范围”并不完全取决于人们的主观意识，所以，就文学语言中的“文学性”而言，必然具有某些逻辑关联的因素或“背景”。从结构主义语言学以及符号学角度来看，这种“形式”与“范围”就是符号系统。而“逻辑关联”则是构造该符号系统的一个基本条件。从文学语言的产生方式、演变过程以及功能属性三个方面可以看出文学语言的“逻辑背景”。     

从神话研究看斯特劳斯结构主义思想

列维一斯特劳斯是法国结构主义思潮的领军人物,他将结构主义语言学理论和音位学理论运用于神话研究,历来被认为是结构主义的经典之作.本文对斯特劳斯神话研究中最著名的俄狄浦狄斯神话研究和最能代表其神话分析模式及方法的阿斯迪瓦尔神话故事研究进行分析,以探讨结构主义文论对其思想的深刻影响.     

论庄子的审美精神

庄子的审美精神主要由诗意思维、神话意识和寓言方法等要素构成.庄子是一个诗性主体,他以诗意思维创造感性的审美意象和神话意象.以“道”的神话为基石,联袂形成“自然与自由的神话”和“平等民主的神话”,确立“敬畏生命的神话”和塑造“真人神话”,建构“至德之世的神话”和超越生死的逻辑的“至乐神话”、“唯美主义神话”、“历史主义的神话”等审美结构.《庄子》的神话包含着丰富深邃的思想内容和审美价值,它使哲理和美感达到高度和谐的统一.和神话意识密切关联,庄子以寓言方法蕴含空灵的哲学智慧,赋予寓言以想象力和美感,以故事和情境达到思之启迪和美之生成.     

神话的意蕴与神话学的方法

神话是20世纪中国人学科话语中出现的新名词，与它同时传入我国学术界的是以神话为研究对象的新学科－“神话学”，神话作为学，宗教和初民思维的表现形式，具有非常重要的化意蕴和哲理蕴涵，现代神话学发展迅猛，理论和方法日新月异，在解读模式上可归结为语言学的，仪式学的，自然学派的，历史学的，结构主义的，心理学的，哲学的和女性主义的八中方法流派，总结神话学的多种方法并加以综合运用，对于拓展跨学科的人研究具有启示意义。     

论希腊神话独特的体系化审美特征

在对世界各民族神话的总体研究中，人们发现无论它们多么复杂纷繁，但在总体审美特征上具有两种不同的类型，并由此分离出两大神话形态。一是普遍存在于各民族神话中的片断的“独立神话”。其中呈现出原始初民思维方式的相似性和一致性令人惊叹不已：或是对宇宙产生的类同想象，或是对人类起源的共同解释，或是对“大洪水”式的灭顶之灾一致的恐怖叙述等等，其内容和主题皆大致类似。二是少数几个民族在对“独立神话”进行改造、加工和综合的基础上创造出的辉煌的“体系神话”。其中呈现出的系统性、整一性和逻辑性、哲理性更加令人惊叹不已…     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

Western and Eastern culture differences in commercial field

The communication of people partially is the communication of cultures. Culture has a direct effect on international commercial activities in all aspects. Different conceptions about time, space, equality, law and the like, lead people to deal with things in different ways. So to know cultures of the counterpart is to facil-itate our enterprises so as to have a smooth and successful communication in commercial activity.     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

浅谈移民问题

Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.     

风的曲线

Rosco and I wait for the fishermen to return.I sit at a wooden bench near the store at Mt.Baker Resort and watch the clouds change shape. Rosco has my belt around his neck and an eight foot tow chain hooked to a tree. Dogs must be on a leash. Ducks and rabbits are loose.     

团图为数的图中的闭团贯数

Given a graph G,a subgraph C is called a clique of G if C is a complete subgraph of G maximal under inclusion and |C|≥2. A clique-transversal set S of G is a set of vertices of G such that S meets all cliques of G. The clique-transversal number, denoted as TC (G), is the minimum cardinality of a clique-transversal set in G. The clique-graph of G, denoted as K (G), is the graph obtained by taking the cliques of G as vertices, and two vertices are adjacent if and only if the corresponding cliques in G have nonempty intersection. Let F be a class of graphs G such that F={G|K(G) is a tree}. In this paper the graphs in F having independent clique-transversal sets are shown and thus TC (G)/|G|≤1/2 for all G ∈ F.     

Sister Carrie, an Adherent of Desires

Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.