基于儿童视角的探究实验改进——以土壤的成分观察实验为例

科学教材中的部分实验因器材、学生操作水平、学生实践意愿等原因导致无法自主探究。以典型的土壤成分观察实验为例，将探究问题和学生自我进行关联或者让问题解决利他，可以激发学生的探究情感，驱动主动实验的意愿；设计各种引导支架，将儿童最近发展区和实验方案差距缩小，遵循儿童认知规律，重构实验方案；掌握儿童真实的实验能力，改进实验器材，让学生真正实现自主探究。     

中学生物学实验的几种基本技术

生物学实验能力是在掌握生物学基础知识、实验基本操作技能、实验设计技能和具有一定水平的观察、思维、自学等能力基础上形成的一种手脑并用的特殊的能力。众所周知，科学实验是一种技术性很强的工作，它的成功与否很大程度上取决于能否找到和掌握一种巧妙的实验方法和实验的技能。因此，实验操作技能是实验能力的重要组成部分，它贯穿于生物学实验的全过程。     

浅谈《硫酸》一节实验的安排与设计

《硫酸》一节的重点是硫酸的特性：吸水性、脱水性、强氧化性。其中强氧化性又是本节的难点。实验—观察—分析是本节教学的重要手段与方法。在教学中，应突出实验的作用，引导学生进行实验探究，从实验入引导学生进行实验探究，从实验入手，通过对实验现象的观察和分析得出结论，以激发学生兴趣，培养观察能力和思维能力，帮助学生理解和掌握硫酸的性质，同时进行科学方法的训练。１改演示实验为边讲边实验为最大限度地发挥学生的主体作用，培养学生的观察能力和动手能力，提高学生的综合素质，对教材中操作简便、易成功、耗时少、安全无污…     

实验能力的六个方面

在实验教学中应从以下六个方面培养学生的实验能力。1．操作能力。要向学生讲解实验仪器知识和实验操作知识，指导学生动手进行实验，使学生熟知仪器的构造、性能、作用及使用注意事项，掌握正确的使用方法、实验操作规范和完成实验所具备的技能，把握实验关键环节。2．观察能力。要通过引导，教会学生怎样对实验进行观察，鼓励学生提出问题，发表意见，对观察到的现象进行分析、思考、讨论，将感性认识上升为理性认识。从中找出规律性的东西和现象之间的内在联系及本质区别。3．思维能力。针对学生年龄不同和年级教材不同的特点，运用分析…     

初中化学实验教学中应注意的几个问题

初中化学实验教学中应注意的几个问题鲁万春化学实验是初中化学不可分割的组成部分，在教学中起着十分重要的作用。通过实验现象的观察、分析有助于形成化学概念，有助于理解和掌握化学反应原理，有助于培养学生的操作能力、观察能力和思维能力。然而，在许多教师的化学教...     

加强中学物理实验提高学生综合能力

说明了观察与实验对中学生掌握和应用物理知识、提高各种能力所起的作用 ,结合物理教学中的典型事例介绍了通过“广泛观察”、“客观观察”、“辩证观察”来培养学生的观察能力 ,通过“扩充实验内容”、“改进实验装置”、“加强实验数据的分析、研究”来提高学生的实验能力 ,全面提高学生的实验能力 ,从而全面提高学生的综合能力     

手机在物理实验中的应用

物理是一门以观察和实验为基础的科学.中学物理以观察现象分析实验为基础的,中学物理实验既有客观、生动、形象的特征,又具有科学研究的缩影,所以欢欣鼓舞激发学生学习物理兴趣、获取知识、培养科学态度、提高观察能力、掌握科学方法、发展思维能力等方面具有重要的作用.物理教师应充分发挥物理实验的多重作用来为物理教学服务,达到提高教学效果和培养学生能力的目的.     

“扶”“放”结合培养学科学思维品质

观察实验是人类认识自然的基本途径，是自然教学的一个显特点，但自然课中的实验不是为印证结论设计的，而是为促使儿童发现问题、探索规律，经历科学研究过程得出结论设计的。小学自然教学大纲中明确指出：“在指导儿童认识自然界的过程中，着力培养、训练、发展他们学科学用科学的能力，主要是观察能力、实验能力、逻辑思维能力……”，还要“注重指导学生自行获取知识”。     

初中化学实验教学反思与尝试

化学作为一门实验性学科,化学实验在教学中所起到的作用是不言而喻的,借助实验,学生能更为具体、清晰地掌握化学概念和知识点,加深学生对物质的理解,同时对于提升学生学习兴趣,培养学生思维能力、观察能力和综合分析能力也发挥着重要的作用,是学生掌握化学,提高学习能力的一个基本手段。     

初中化学演示实验教学应注意的几个问题

初中化学是学生启蒙阶段学习的化学，实验是初中化学教学的一个重要环节，也是提高化学教学质量的重要一环。从质的方面看，化学实验对提高教学质量有决定性的作用；从量的方面看，它是完成教学计划的重要条件；特别是从培养学生实验技能与能力方面看，它对于帮助学生形成化学概念，理解、巩固和运用化学知识，提高观察和分析能力，培养动手操作技能和初步掌握科学方法等都有重要作用。     

Classroom action research on formative assessment in a context-based chemistry course

Context-based science courses stimulate students to reconstruct the information presented by connecting to their prior knowledge and experiences. However, students need support. Formative assessments inform both teacher and students about students’ knowledge deficiencies and misconceptions and how students can be supported. Research on formative assessments suggests a positive impact on students’ science achievement, although its success depends on how the formative assessment is implemented in class. The aim of this study was to provide insights into the effects of formative assessments on achievement during a context-based chemistry course on lactic acid. In a classroom action research setting, a pre-test/post-test control group design with switching replications was applied. Student achievement was measured in two pre-tests, two post-tests and a retention test. Participants were Grade 9 students from one secondary school in the Netherlands. Repeated-measures analysis showed a significant effect of formative assessments on students’ achievement. During the implementation of the formative assessments, intriguing discussions emerged between students, between students and teacher, and between teachers. Adding formative assessments to context-based approaches reinforces their strength to meet with the current challenges of chemistry education. Formative assessments affect students’ achievement positively and stimulate feedback between students and teacher(s).     

特殊学生思想特点及教育对策分析

特殊学生寄宿,是他们适应社会生活的第一步,也是培养特殊学生社会生活适应能力的重要途径。本文以特殊学生为对象,阐述了智障生、肢残生、自闭生等在学校寄宿生活中的思想特点,并围绕学生寄宿生活,对他们的思想教育对策进行了简单的分析。     

Exploring immigrant students' adjustment to learning in their new cultural setting

The adjustment of non-English speaking immigrant students to learning was explored by comparing the learning characteristics of immigrant students with those of a matched group of Canadian students. Eleven immigrant students and eleven Canadian students from three grade 4 classrooms in three schools in a large Western Canadian urban school system were assessed on academic achievement, attitude to school, English proficiency, academic self-concept, and quality of teacher-student interaction. Data on attitudes of teachers toward immigrant students and on attitudes of parents of immigrant students towards the mother culture and learning in a second culture were also collected. Results indicated that immigrant students did not differ significantly from Canadian students on any of these variables. Findings were supported by other Canadian studies on immigrant students and the research on second language learning. The adjustment of immigrant students to learning appeared to be dependent upon three factors: length on time in the second culture, the proportion of immigrant students within a classroom, and the cultural harmony in both home and school settings.     

基于综合评价的高校贫困生认定研究

准确认定贫困生资格,是公平、公正、合理分配国家资助资源的先决条件,是高校学生资助实践过程中必须解决的首要问题。文章在比较和分析国内外贫困生认定办法的实践和理论研究成果的基础上,构建了高校贫困生综合认定指标体系的理论模型,提炼出了一个系统化科学化的贫困生认定可操作范式和模型。     

“I was giving someone who didn’t have a voice a voice”: exploring qualitative mini-research projects as a tool to teach students about aging

ABSTRACT

In the study of gerontology, fieldwork with older adults is often used to enhance students’ understanding of the aging process. While assignments based on interactions with older adults are a common practice in teaching students enrolled in gerontology studies, we know less about the impact of such activities on students from other disciplines. This paper summarizes students’ experiences with an assignment offered to a diverse cohort of undergraduate students who took a course in social gerontology. To complete this assignment, students had to interview an older adult, summarize the life story of the participant, apply a theoretical perspective to the older adult’s life story, and reflect on the process. Analyzing data derived from 72 assignments and 10 semi-structured interviews with students who were enrolled in the course, this paper examines students’ experiences with this assignment. Specifically, we identify what aspects of the assignment students found beneficial, what aspects they found challenging, and in what ways this assignment helped students to enhance their understanding of aging. Our findings suggest that students found it challenging to recruit an older adult for an interview and struggled with the semi-structured nature of the interview process. All students found the actual interview process to be extremely rewarding and beneficial for their learning. In discussion, we provide some recommendations on how to offer this type of assignment to a diverse group of students enrolling in the courses on social gerontology.     

A comparison between national and transnational students’ access of online learning support materials and experience of technical difficulties on a fully online distance learning master of public health programme

Online distance learning (ODL) is now recognised as a mainstream teaching method for undergraduate and postgraduate students around the world. However, differences in learner characteristics such as help-seeking behaviour between transnational students and home students may impact on student attainment. 64 students undertaking an online master of public health programme in the UK completed a survey which explored students’ access of learner support resources, their experience of technical difficulties, demographic characteristics and learner characteristics. We collected data on the geographic region in which students were currently living and their geographical region of origin. Students whose region of origin was outside the UK/EU accessed a greater number of support resources than students based within the UK/EU and students whose region of residence was outside the UK/EU experienced a greater number of technical difficulties than students from within the UK/EU. Thus transnational students access more support resources than home students despite having to overcome more technical difficulties in order to do so. The classification of students based on fee-paying status was unable to detect these differences and may not be appropriate for ODL courses.     

职校生网络心理现状调查与研究

调查显示，上网对职校生的情绪、交际和心理的影响不明显；由于上网时问过长，学生的身体健康受到不良影响；一部分学生对网络的认识不全面，自我约束力弱化，道德意识淡薄。职业学校必须理性、客观地对待学生上网，满足学生的信息需求以及情感需要；要引导学生正确利用网络，有目的、有计划地组织学生上网，并通过丰富课余文化生活减少学生上网频率，同时加强学生的道德教育。     

对直流电路的教学探讨

本文通过对高职院校电工电子技术中直流电路的教学分析,以满足计算机和机电各专业的后续课程对电工电子技术知识的需求,进而使学生对电路分析有一个正确的思维方法,有一个清晰的解题思路;使学生的逻辑思维能力、解决实际问题的能力有所提高。     

Intensive Interventions in Reading for Students with Reading Disabilities: Meaningful Impacts

We use three data sources to build a rationale for why intensive interventions are necessary for students with pervasive reading disabilities: current data on the performance of students with disabilities on reading achievement measures over time, observation studies on students with reading disabilities in general and special education classrooms, and findings from intensive intervention studies for students with reading disabilities. Results of these data sources indicate that students with disabilities are not making progress in reading at the same rate as students without disabilities, reading instruction for students with reading disabilities is comprised of excessive amounts of low level tasks, and findings from intensive intervention studies suggest positive impacts for students with reading disabilities. We argue that students with reading disabilities require ongoing intensive interventions that are likely to require schools to change the contexts and practices for these students.