气相色谱法分析喹啉及其加氢脱氮产物

采用气相色谱分析法测定喹啉及其加氢脱氮产物含量。实验中,通过峰高增加法定性确定喹啉加氢脱氮产物。采用外标法对喹啉加氢脱氮产物进行定量,该方法线性关系良好,各产物的校正曲线相关系数都在0.99以上;相对标准偏差〈0.23%,加标回收率在93%到104%范围内变化。该方法能在14分钟内完成各产物的定量分析,并进而可以得出喹啉脱氮率,适合于喹啉加氢脱氮率的考察。     

南阳烟区土壤养分状况及施肥技术

对南阳烟区植烟土壤519个混合土样进行了分析,结果表明,南阳烟区土壤的pH值平均为7.23,有93.8%的土壤处在5.8～8.0之间;土壤有机质平均含量为1.186%,有79.8%的土壤有机质含量在1.0～1.5%之间;土壤全氮含量平均为0.082%,有效氮含量平均为57.7mg/kg,有76.3%的土壤有效氮在30～65mg/kg之间;土壤全磷含量平均为0.046%,有效磷平均为13.06mg/kg; 土壤全钾含量平均为1.62%,有效钾为1 57.09mg/kg,有85%的土壤有效钾含量在1 00mg/kg以上,根据南阳烟区植烟土壤的养分状况,提出了相应的施肥措施.     

铝系列某钢中[N]的控制

结合炼钢企业的生产实际,对铝系列某钢种的钢中氮超标原因进行了理论分析,提出了改进措施并用于指导实践,大大减少了该钢种因钢的氮超标而改钢的质量事故,炼成率由89.8%上升到99.5%.     

兰州市安宁区城市道路绿化土壤调查分析与改良

本研究对兰州市安宁区城市道路绿化带的25个土壤样品进行测定并采用统计学方法进行了分析,结果显示,土壤含水量为3%⁹%,容重为1.29%,容重为1.2¹.9 g/cm,总孔隙度为37%1.9 g/cm,总孔隙度为37%⁴9%,通气孔隙为28%49%,通气孔隙为28%³7%,土壤PH值为6.037%,土壤PH值为6.0⁸.1,土壤盐分为88.1,土壤盐分为8²7g/kg。土壤中速效氮、速效磷、速效钾的含量分别为827g/kg。土壤中速效氮、速效磷、速效钾的含量分别为8²5mg/kg,2725mg/kg,27¹10mg/kg,43110mg/kg,43¹97mg/kg,其平均值分别为15.89mg/kg,59.63mg/kg,134.95mg/kg。综合分析结果后本研究认为,影响园林绿化植物生长的主要障碍因素是土壤含盐量高、速效氮含量低、N/P比例失调、土壤物理性能较差。     

化学计算类题目的解题技巧

化学计算类题目类型多样,难度较大,解答时,应根据题目特征,灵活运用各种方法,找到解题的突破口。下面举例分析解这类题的技巧。一、从平均值入手例1有一可能含杂质的硝酸铵样品,经分析知道其中氮元素的质量分数为20%,那么该样品中一定含有的物质是(括号内的数据为相应物质中氮元素的质量分数)()。A.(NH4)2SO4(21%)B.NH4HCO3(18%)C.CO(NH2)2(47%)D.NH4Cl(26%)解析:对于这类混杂题,一般可运用平均值原理求解。由于硝酸铵样品中氮元素的质量分数为20%(平均值),而纯净的硝酸铵中氮元素的质量分数为35%(极值),所以样品所含杂质中氮元素的…     

土壤中有效氮（硝态氮和铵态氮）的流动注射分析

以ＫＣｌ作为浸提液，用流动注射光度分析法对土壤中以硝态氮和被态氮两种形式存在的有效氮的测定进行了研究．为了铵态氮的分析，发展了一种基于Ｎｅｓｓｌｅｒ反应的反相流动注射分析系统（ｒＦＬＡ），用一个镉还原柱还原硝酸根为亚硝酸报后，再用常规流动注射分析系统测定硝态氮．本方法获得的硝态氮、铵态氮及全氮结果与参考方法的结果比较具有很好的相关关系．进样频率为４０样ｈ－１，１５次重复测定结果的精密度是铵态氮高于１．３４％，确态氮高于０．５５％．     

基肥中不同硝态氮比例对烤烟生长和产质量的影响

为确定烤烟专用基肥中合理经济的硝态氮比例,对烤烟基肥中不同硝态氮比例对烤烟生长、产质量的影响进行了研究.结果表明,在烤烟生长的前期,各农艺性状随着硝态氮比例的增加而升高;在现蕾期各农艺性状随着硝态氮比例的增加而也有升高的趋势,但当硝态氮比例达50%时各农艺性状又下降.各处理经济性状有相同的变化趋势,以硝态氮比例为45%的处理各项指标表现较好,当硝态氮比例增加到50%时,各指标又降低.随着硝态氮比例的提高有利于烤烟的正常落黄成熟,但当硝态氮含量过高时（超过45%）不利于烤烟分层落黄.各部位烟叶的总糖、还原糖和钾含量有随着硝态氮比例的增加而升高的趋势,但当硝态氮比例增加到45%时总糖和还原糖降低,各部位烟叶的总氮、烟碱和蛋白质的含量有随着硝态氮比例的增加而降低的趋势,硝态氮比例增加到45%时总氮、烟碱和蛋白质的含量又都升高,氯含量没有明显的变化规律.     

离子色谱法测定土壤中的总氮量

用100℃水浴加热,碱性过硫酸钾将土壤中不同形态的氮元素全部氧化为硝酸根离子,用离子色谱法测定硝酸根离子含量,间接测得土壤中的总氮量。实验选用不同化学结构的有机含氮试剂硫脲和乙酸铵进行研究,考量了过硫酸钾氧化剂和氢氧化钠的用量以及反应时间,结果表明,在选择的样品预处理方法和色谱条件下,转化率达到97%～100%,在此基础上,建立了对土壤中的总氮进行定量分析的测定方法,NO3-浓度在0.1～100 mg/L的浓度范围内呈线性,线性回归系数为0.999 7,检测限为0.03μg/mL,重现性好。对于GBW07401土壤加入量为30～50 mg,其氮含量的回收率在73.4%～108.7%,相对标准偏差为4.2%。     

凯氏定氮法测定虾壳中氮含量

自组一套简易凯氏定氮装置,对提高装置气密性方法进行研究,并采用单次单因子法对加入双氧水测定虾壳中氮含量的消化条件进行了研究,通过与国标法进行对比,确定该方法测定虾壳中氮含量的可行性。结果表明,加氢氧化钠的漏斗采用水封能提高蒸馏装置的气密性;最佳消化条件为:虾壳0.2 g,五水硫酸铜0.2 g,硫酸钾0.6 g,浓硫酸8 mL,双氧水4 mL,消化40 min。所测虾壳氮含量为(63.48±0.88)mg/g(P=0.95),加标回收率在95%~100%。该法准确度与国标法相当,且省时、经济、环保,适用于实验教学、科研和生产实践。     

高效液相分析法在实验教学中的应用

通过2则具体实例讨论了高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析法在实验教学中的应用。一则是在实验选修课中应用HPLC分析法分析学生自己合成的六苄基六氮杂异伍兹烷(HBIW)的纯度;另一则是在本科生的实践课中,引导学生参与课题研究,应用HPLC分析法建立六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷(HNIW)的标准曲线,HNIW线性浓度范围为0.08～1.5 mg/mL,同时,采用内标法分析不同HNIW样品的纯度,进行了方法重复性的比较。结果表明,该方法标准偏差小于1%,满足实验要求。最后,针对HPLC分析法的影响因素,如柱温、流动相和内标物进行了讨论。     

Axial compression behavior and analytical method of L-shaped column composed of concrete-filled square steel tubes

Based on the characteristics of an L-shaped column composed of concrete-filled square steel tubes, the axial compression experiment and nonlinear finite element analysis were carried out to study the mechanical property of the L-shaped column. The load-displacement curve for the L-shaped column, the deflection and load-strain curves for the mono columns were obtained by the axial compression experiment. The results show that the L-shaped column exhibits a flexural-torsional buckling failure mode. The numerical simulation by the finite element analysis shows that the bearing capacity and failure mode are in accordance with those of the axial compression experiment and the feasi- bility of the finite element analysis is proved. For the calculation of the bearing capacity of the L-shaped column com- posed of concrete-filled square steel tubes, an analytical method is proposed based on the theory of the elastic stability and spatial truss model. The results of the analytical method are in good agreement with those of the axial compression experiment and the finite element analysis.     

本钢超低氮钢生产工艺的研究

本文从氮在钢液中的危害出发,根据CO气泡脱氮及真空脱氮原理及钢液与空气接触造成增氮的特点,详细论述了转炉、RH及浇铸过程中脱氮及控制增氮的方法,降低了钢中氮的含量,极大地提高了钢材的质量。     

In-plane creep buckling of concrete-filled steel tubular arches

The creep-induced deformation of the arch rib of concrete-filled steel tubular （CFST） arches under a sustained load can increase the bending moment, which may lead to earlier stability failure called creep buckling. To investigate the influences of concrete creep on the buckling strength of arches, a theoretical analysis for the creep buckling of CFST circular arches under distributed radial load is performed. The simplified Arutyunyan-Maslov （AM） creep law is used to model the creep behavior of concrete core, and the creep integral operator is introduced. The analytical solutions of the time-dependent buckling strength under the sustained load are achieved and compared with the existing formula based on the age-adjusted effective modulus method （AEMM）. Then the solutions are used to determine the influences of the steel ratio and the first loading age on the creep buckling of CFST arches. The results show that the analytical solutions are of good accuracy and applicability. For CFST arches, the steel ratio and the first loading age have significant influences on creep buckling. An approximate log-linear relationship between the decreased degrees of the creep buckling strength and the first loading age is found. For the commonly used parameters, the maximum loss of the buckling strength induced bv concrete creen is close to 40%     

一种玻璃纤维增强树脂基复合材料板弹簧的设计

根据某汽车钢板弹簧相关参数和分析结果,用有限元软件ANSYS设计优化了一种玻璃纤维增强树脂基复合材料(GFRP,俗称玻璃钢)板弹簧来代替原钢板弹簧,并对其动态特性及结构应力分布进行有限元分析.结果证明,该复合材料板弹簧应力更低,固有频率更高,不计吊耳时弹簧重量减轻了约75%.     

Measurement of boiling heat transfer coefficient in liquid nitrogen bath by inverse heat conduction method

Inverse heat conduction method （IHCM） is one of the most effective approaches to obtaining the boiling heat transfer coefficient from measured results. This paper focuses on its application in cryogenic boiling heat transfer. Experiments were conducted on the heat transfer of a stainless steel block in a liquid nitrogen bath, with the assumption of a 1D conduction condition to realize fast acquisition of the temperature of the test points inside the block. With the inverse-heat conduction theory and the explicit finite difference model, a solving program was developed to calculate the heat flux and the boiling heat transfer coefficient of a stainless steel block in liquid nitrogen bath based on the temperature acquisition data. Considering the oscillating data and some unsmooth transition points in the inverse-heat-conduction calculation result of the heat-transfer coefficient, a two-step data-fitting procedure was proposed to obtain the expression for the boiling heat transfer coefficients. The coefficient was then verified for accuracy by a comparison between the simulation results using this expression and the verifying experimental results of a stainless steel block. The maximum error with a revised segment fitting is around 6%, which verifies the feasibility of using IHCM to measure the boiling heat transfer coefficient in liquid nitrogen bath.     

耦合谐振腔滤波器灵敏度的快速分析方法

针对传统蒙特卡罗法分析耦合谐振腔滤波器灵敏度耗时太长的问题,提出了一种基于理论梯度公式的快速灵敏度分析方法．文章详细推导了滤波器散射参数对终端阻抗和耦合系数的灵敏度解析表达式,并采用MATLAB编程实现了基于灵敏度表达式的数值算法．应用该算法对5阶交叉耦合谐振腔滤波器的灵敏度进行了分析,灵敏度分析结果对耦合谐振腔滤波器的设计和加工具有参考价值．     

工业用水总硬度在线检测方法探索

将流动注射技术应用于水中总硬度的分析,并在各种实验条件下研究相关因素的影响.在EDTA浓度为0.02 mol/L时,检测范围能满足国标要求的5～1000 mg/L测量范围,能够很好地应用于炼钢厂中生产用水、锅炉水的总硬度的在线测定.     

Investigation of newly developed added damping and stiffness device with low yield strength steel

Energy dissipators, isolated-resistant and specific structural forms for earthquake resistance are popular topics in the research to improve shock-resistance. In this work, experimental methods were used to investigate the property of low yield strength steel. Carbon content in LYS material is lower than that in other steels; the ultimate stress is three times the yield stress. The ultimate elongation rate is about 62% and the ductility is 2–3 times that of A36 steel. In order to overcome some defects of ordinary use metallic dampers, the mechanical characteristic of low yield strength steel is used to develop added damping and stiffness for rhombic steel plate absorber. Test of the energy dissipation behavior for this newly developed device indicated that LYS could stably dissipate or absorb the input energy of earthquake. Then, the analytical model for the hysteretic behavior of this new device is proposed. Comparison of experimental data and numerical simulation results showed that this analytical model is suitable for simulating the hysteretic energy behavior of this new device.     

Investigation of newly developed added damping and stiffness device with low yield strength steel

INTRODUCTIONThisresearchfocusedonusingthemechanicalpropertiesoflowyieldstrengthsteel(LYS)tode-velopanewdeviceforaddeddampingandstiffnessandseismicresistanceofrhombiclowyieldstrengthsteelplate.ThemechanicalpropertiesofLYSandtheeffectofthisnewlydevelopeddevicewereinvestigatedbyexperimentalmethod.Ex-pectedly,thisnewdevicecantakeadvantageofplasticenergyabsorbabilitytoabsorbanddissipatetheenergyofearthquakestablyandensurethesafetyofthemainstructure.Ananalyticalmodelisproposedforanalyzingtheh…     

Gas chromatographic method for the determination of hexaconazole residues in black tea

A highly reliable, quantitative and sensitive analytical method for determining the residues of the fungicide, hexaconazole in black tea is described. The proposed method is based on liquid-liquid extraction followed by gas chromatographic determination, using nitrogen phosphorus detector (GC-NPD) for the identification and quantitation of hexaconazole. The most was cleaned up by adsorption column chromatography using activated florisil. Performance of the method was assessed by evaluating quality parameters such as recovery value, repeatability, reproducibility, linearity and limits of detection and quantitation. When the method was assessed for repeatability, the percentage of recovery ranged between 86% and 96% while the relative standard deviation was between 0.30% and 2.35%. In studies on reproducibility the recovery ranged from 81% to 85% and relative standard deviation from 1.68% to 5.13%, implying that the method was reliable. A field trial was conducted to verify the application of this method with real samples. Results prove that the validated method was suitable for extracting hexaconazole residues.