The scientific and clinical literature of AIDS: development,bibliographic control and retrieval

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论科技期刊的相互联系

从整体而言,期刊因其属性的近似,它们之间有着相互的联系。这种联系应作为一种文化现象,作更深层的理解与思考。作为系统科学,任何期刊都处于纵横交错的复杂联系之中,形成网络结构。这种联系实际上是现代文化背景下的一种交流行为。尽管期刊的联系有其共同基础,但它是错综复杂的,表现为多元化、交叉型、双向性和选择性等特点。期刊的整体联系,大于其纵横联系之和,结构上整体联系是纵横联系的空间构合。期刊相互联系可以增强它们的整体效应,可以提高期刊质量,促进其标准化、规范化,可以提高编辑人员的水平和锤炼编辑队伍,并可以促进期刊的理论建设,对传播学和编辑学的建立和发展有所推动。     

The skewness of scientific productivity

This paper exploits a unique 2003–2011 large dataset, indexed by Thomson Reuters, consisting of 17.2 million disambiguated authors classified into 30 broad scientific fields, as well as the 48.2 million articles resulting from a multiplying strategy in which any article co-authored by two or more persons is wholly assigned as many times as necessary to each of them. The dataset is characterized by a large proportion of authors who have their oeuvre in several fields. We measure individual productivity in two ways that are uncorrelated: as the number of articles per person and as the mean citation per article per person in the 2003–2011 period. We analyze the shape of the two types of individual productivity distributions in each field using size- and scale-independent indicators. To assess the skewness of productivity distributions we use a robust index of skewness, as well as the Characteristic Scores and Scales approach. For productivity inequality, we use the coefficient of variation. In each field, we study two samples: the entire population, and what we call “successful authors”, namely, the subset of scientists whose productivity is above their field average. The main result is that, in spite of wide differences in production and citation practices across fields, the shape of field productivity distributions is very similar across fields. The parallelism of the results for the population as a whole and for the subset of successful authors, when productivity is measured as mean citation per article per person, reveals the fractal nature of the skewness of scientific productivity in this case. These results are essentially maintained when any article co-authored by two or more persons is fractionally assigned to each of them.     

三种传媒道德问题的跨文化思考

在我国已有的关于媒介伦理道德的研究成果中 ,多半是把中西媒介伦理道德问题分开研究 ,其实 ,中国媒介管理体制转型中遇到的一些难题 ,在中西媒介的比较研究中会更加清晰 ,也更有利于解决。因此 ,本文就媒介伦理道德经常遇到的有偿新闻、媒介歧视、媒介产品的煽情化倾向等问题进行了跨文化的思考     

新闻评论的伦理责任和伦理问题

随着新闻评论对社会和个人都产生着深广的影响,新闻评论作者和写作动机也开始呈现出多元化的复杂生态。在这种情况下,新闻评论将涉及哪些伦理问题,应该承担什么样的伦理责任,就是不能再回避的问题了。本文以当代中国新闻评论的现实处境为背景,对涉及新闻评论伦理的中西学者观点与行业规范作简单的梳理,以期勾画出中国当代新闻评论伦理建设的基本内容。     

科技编辑的美学意识

科技编辑应具有美学意识,按照美的规律去创造科技期刊的美。本文从科学美在于简明、在于创新、在于真实去体现科技期刊的内容美;技术美在于对比、在于均衡、在于和谐等方面阐述了科技期刊的版面美。     

The information activity of scientific foundations

In this paper, the contents of packages of information projects, periodicals, and the sites of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) and the Russian Humanitarian Scientific Foundation (RHSF) are analyzed. Information is presented on databases of foreign and international scientific foundations.     

The role of China's English‐language scientific journals in scientific communication

Between 1929 and 2002 over 200 English‐language scientific journals were founded in China. The number of China's English edition journals in each discipline is, however, not correlated to the corresponding output of China's articles listed in the ISI's Science Citation Index. Clearly, the goal of these journals is to be internationally recognized. It is shown that this goal is rarely achieved. We think that lack of good‐quality papers, low international visibility and a citation ‘Matthew effect’ are the main causes for the small role played by China's English‐language journals.     

中文期刊刊名研究

刊名表达、象征、隐喻期刊的内在特征和外表特征。它的主要功能是提供一种识别手段和检索依据。据统计,1015种期刊的更名率为37.6％;10331种期刊的重名率为3.6％：以专业（或学称）、地域词语起首的偏正结构刊名占73.5％;刊名平均长度为5.8个字。在研究了解期刊命名、重名、更名以及刊名特征、刊名概念结构、刊名词语单元和刊名长度后,提出了编制“全国报刊宏观调控工具”的建议。     

试论现代科技期刊编辑学的基本内容与任务

现代科技期刊编辑学是研究关于科技信息采集、加工处理和传播规律的科学。其基本内容应包括从确立编辑方针和制订编辑计划开始,进行选题、组稿、审稿、加工、发排、校对,直至出版的全过程,并且对整个编辑过程中各个环节的工作规律和方法进行专门探讨。研究这些规律和方法,有利于办好刊物,促进学术交流,推动对会发展和人类文明。     

The evolution of graphics in scientific articles

The use of graphic illustrations in today's scientific journals has evolved from practices beginning in the seventeenth century, modified by the demands of readers and the technology of creating and reproducing illustrative material. This article discusses the reasons for using illustrations in scientific journals and reviews the historical development of their use. Photographs, graphics and cartographic techniques, graphs, and standardized drawings and diagrams are analyzed.     

科学研究论文信息量的测度

本文探讨了科研论文信息量的计算程序。研究指出:以论文的真实性为前提,可以用创新性、重要性、学术性、科学性及深难度等五要素,对论文的信息量进行度量,并给出了计算实例。     

The English language in scientific publishing

Adapting to market changes after World War II, the German scientific publishing house Springer-Verlag decided to publish in the English language long before setting up offices in the United States. This material was adapted from Springer-Verlag: History of a Scientific Publishing House, Volume 2, 1945–1992, and appears with the permission of the publishers.     

民族文物的涵义及其与历史文物、革命文物的关系

关于文物一词 ,在英语中有两个概念 ,一是ＨＩＳＴＯＲＩＣＡＬＲＥＬＩＣ ,直译为历史的遗物 ;另一是ＣＵＬＴＵＲＡＬＲＥＬＩＣ ,直译为文化的遗物。而在现代汉语中 ,文物一词是一个包罗万象的词汇 ,包含了英语中的两个概念 ,凡是人类历史上所创造的具有历史、艺术、科学价值的历史遗留物、文化遗留物均囊括在其中。此外 ,在我国文物、博物馆界 ,还有民族文物、历史文物、革命文物、展品、仿制品等广泛使用的专有名词。在这些既有联系又有差异的专有名词中 ,也存在着不同的理解和认识。对这些名词的内涵及其相互关系进行必要的研究和划分…     

The future of scientific journals: The rise of UniAI

• The enormous amount of scientific data produced each second will make it difficult to analyze them.
• In near future, a universal AI-based (UniAI) system with ready access to a collective database will be formed to analyze the gigantic amount of data being created.
• There will be no ready articles, no scientific journal, no indexing system, no peer review, no research or publication ethical concerns, and no editor.
• UniAI, a self-organized self-sufficient AI system will assume most part of the research and its publication.

     

The information needs of users of scientific libraries

This paper reflects the results of the analysis of user information needs that was carried out by the Library of Natural Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences (LNS RAS) for the purpose of gathering information on the quality of a reference-bibliographic and information service for specialists of the RAS in the subject of their studies.     

The republic of federal scientific publication: The not-so-public domain

This article examines the forces that have made federal scientific publication an essentially private enterprise. Particular attention is paid to the rise of the scientific community in the American political system. The period under review begins roughly with 1941 and American involvement in World War II, which coincides with the establishment of the Office of Scientific Research and Development (ORSD). The article examines OSRD’s method of conducting federal scientific research, its contractual system, and the new publishing paradigm that it engendered. The article concludes in the 1960s with congressional efforts to revise provisions in Title 17, the     

论科技期刊的引导作用

科技期刊的功能作用是多方面的,其中的引导科技发展的作用十分重要,应引起重视。作者以《建筑学报》为例,首先从五个方面说明科技期刊的引导作用。这五个方面是:1.报道各专业重要学术研究成果;2.发表重要专题学术会议论文;3.刊登评论;4.刊登方向性、综合性文章;5.报道评选和竞赛。接着,专门阐述了总体设计构思对充分发挥科技期刊引导作用的重要性,提出总体设计构思应体现在期刊的年与年之间、期与期之间和篇与篇之间。