多规模智库问题DIIS理论方法

在推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的进程中,智库的重要作用日益突显。智库研究问题由于其综合交叉的特征,表现为不同规模的研究问题,其研究过程在遵循智库DIIS (收集信息—揭示信息—综合研判—形成方案,Data-Information-Intelligence-Solution)理论一般和共性方法的同时,又有各自不同的关键要素与环节。把握这些关键要素与环节,形成不同规模DIIS方法,可以为个人、研究组、研究团队开展智库问题研究提供有效的工具和方法。为此,文章从交叉性、关联性和复杂性角度,深入分析大规模、中规模、小规模智库问题的特征,形成智库问题规模的划分流程;其次,基于DIIS理论,分别提出解决大规模、中规模和小规模智库问题的智库DIIS方法,并剖析三者间的相互关系;最后,针对不同规模的智库问题,给出相应的智库报告DIIS写作规范,以期保证智库研究的规范性与高质量,更好地发挥智库的作用。     

智库研究的双螺旋结构

推动中国特色新型智库高质量发展、更好地服务国家治理体系和治理能力现代化建设,迫切需要深入探索智库研究规律乃至研究范式,不断创新发展智库研究方法。为此,文章基于对智库研究基本逻辑体系和方法论的系统研究,着眼于解决智库研究"怎么做"这一基本问题,提出问题导向、证据导向和科学导向下的智库研究的双螺旋结构,该双螺旋均始于研究问题,终于解决方案,形成外循环和内循环的整体体系。首先,从整体角度分析智库研究的双螺旋结构的外循环,即智库研究的"解析—融合—还原"过程。其次,从研究环节和研究逻辑角度对智库研究的双螺旋结构的内循环进行阐述,即基于DIIS的过程融合法和基于MIPS的逻辑层次法,并对智库研究双螺旋结构的时空域和内部耦合关系进行分析。最后,思考和阐释该理论对智库研究和智库建设的重要意义和价值。     

科技评估DIIS方法

科技评估在科技管理中发挥着重要的作用,从智库角度而言,其不仅是智库研究的重要任务,而且是智库研究质量的重要保障。然而,现有科技评估方法通常作用于评估问题的局部,缺少从辩证法及系统论角度对科技评估全过程方法体系的思考与认知。为此,文章将潘教峰提出的解决智库研究一般问题的DIIS理论方法运用于科技评估,据此提出科技评估DIIS方法,进而从DIIS视角出发将科技评估在科技决策咨询中的作用界定为六大功能:证据形成功能、衡量比较功能、诊断分析功能、前瞻预测功能、价值导向与判断功能和质量控制功能。最后以机构评估、项目评估、政策评估和研究质量评估为例,分析科技评估DIIS方法的实践应用,以期为我国科技评估实践提供一种方法指引与支撑。     

基于智库双螺旋法的区域创新环境评价研究

基于智库双螺旋法研究新时期我国区域创新环境评价。以DIIS过程融合法归纳国内外经验，逐层分析评价对象层次性、理论演进动态性和指标框架结构性特征，揭示区域创新环境评价作为政策工具的本质属性。以MIPS逻辑层次法研究区域创新环境评价指标体系，以过去案例阐释评价机理，以当前案例分析影响机制，并提出面向未来发展的评价要突出政策作用机制，科学地处理创新阶段性与评价工具性之间的关系。以DIIS与MIPS矩阵式交叉融合方法，研究提出完善区域创新环境评价方案的系统化路径，创造性提出评价指标的“四维分析方法”，从而展示出一个思路清晰、逻辑严谨、导向明确的智库研究新范式。     

运用智库双螺旋法构建绿色GDP评价体系

在新发展阶段，将绿色国内生产总值（GDP）作为发展绿色经济、低碳经济和循环经济的切入点，以及衡量高质量发展、可持续发展和现代化发展的重要指标，是保障建设“美丽中国”、基本实现社会主义现代化和达成碳中和目标的有效途径。文章围绕绿色GDP评价问题，运用智库双螺旋方法，从认识论、方法论和实践论角度，为绿色GDP评价提供了创新研究范式，从而拓宽了GDP评价体系研究路径。在绿色GDP评价理论方面，依据DIIS过程融合法的数据收集、揭示信息和综合研判过程，梳理绿色GDP评价研究环节，重塑我国绿色GDP评价体系的理论基础。在绿色GDP评价应用方面，从机理分析、影响分析和政策分析出发，总结我国绿色GDP评价体系演进规律。依据智库双螺旋法DIIS研究过程和MIPS逻辑环节融合，总结绿色GDP评价理论分析和演进规律，提出了构建我国绿色GDP评价体系的基本原则、指标框架和实施路径。针对我国未来发展面临形势和绿色GDP评价重要性，指出在智库双螺旋法指导下，从理论体系、技术方法和实践应用方面推进绿色GDP评价研究的建议。     

国外顶尖智库发展经验探究

我国智库建设从2015年开始受到高度重视和广泛关注,进入规范化的快速发展转型期。智库数量仅次于美国,但缺乏在国际上占有一席之地的高质量、高影响力智库。通过对国内外著名智库进行初步调研,发现我国智库与国外智库在管理组织架构和信息资源建设方面仍存在显著差距。针对我国智库建设中存在的问题,从决策管理机构的独立性、研究组织形式的灵活性和质量评估体系的层次化,以及信息来源渠道的广泛、信息采集工具的创新和信息资源仓库的持续积累方面,探讨适用于我国实际情况的国外顶尖智库发展经验,以期为我国智库的突破性发展寻找新的契机。     

我国科技智库研究述评

【目的/意义】科技智库是驱动科技创新的有力支撑，及时感知科技智库研究现状与动向，对于把握科技智库运作态势、发挥服务科技战略决策功能具有重要意义。【方法/过程】文章基于文献调研的方法，围绕科技智库研究进行述评。从科技智库理论基础、研究方法、数据信息保障、知识与情报服务、传播力与影响力、经验借鉴与建设探索等方面进行系统性回顾，总结当前国内研究现状，并对未来科技智库研究作出建议及展望。【结果/结论】建议今后深化智库方法探索，重视数据信息资源建设，提升科技智库服务能力，并健全科技智库评价体系，同时推动理论研究成果的应用。【创新/局限】系统梳理了我国科技智库研究的脉络与现状，未来将跟进对国外科技智库研究的追踪与探讨。     

智库双螺旋法在智库研究实践应用中的理论思考

智库双螺旋法将智库研究视为一个相对独立且具有特殊性的研究主题,从智库研究的解析、融合和还原过程,基于DIIS的过程融合法和MIPS的逻辑层次法相互迭代,分析二者螺旋的耦合关系,并从时空域特征出发,形成一套完整而又系统的理论框架和方法论体系。该方法来源于创立者长期的战略和政策研究实践,也有效地应用于多个国家重大研究专项、国家高端智库项目和若干主题研究领域。在智库双螺旋法的实践应用中还存在诸多需要探讨的理论问题,文章从认识论角度提出需要消除方法使用中的认识误区,理解方法在智库工作中的真正作用,同时筑牢知识根基,根据研究问题赋予专业内容;在实践层面,要掌握智库双螺旋法在智库分析中的切入节点,避免平均用力,防止无限嵌套;就研究主体而言,要跳出自身的思维局限,不断拓展智库双螺旋法的使用场景,创造真正的智库价值。文章从理论层面对智库双螺旋法实践应用的思考,旨在探究智库研究规律,发展新的智库理论方法,构建智库研究范式,将智库双螺旋法研究不断推向深入。     

多理论视角下的科技智库管理和运行机制研究

多学科、多视角地研究科技智库管理运行机制,构建宏观、中观和微观3个层面的科技智库管理和运行机制研究框架.基于政策过程理论,分析在议题提出、政策制定、政策执行和政策评估4个阶段如何促进科技智库更好地发挥作用;基于委托代理理论,研究科技决策咨询中的逆向选择和道德风险问题,通过完善甄选、激励、监督和约束机制推动科技智库建设和发展;基于全面质量管理理论,研究科技智库的产品质量全过程管理和质量管理全员参与,促进科技智库高质量产品产出.我国科技智库的建设和发展需要从宏观、中观和微观3个层面共同推动,完善科技决策咨询机制、推动高水平科技智库建设,健全外部管理机制、促进科技智库高质量发展,优化内部运行机制、推进科技智库产品供给侧改革.     

基于能力建设视角的科技智库评价研究

智库评价结果的正向反馈会对智库建设发展起到引领和促进作用,以能力建设为导向的科技智库评价体系,不仅能促进科技智库的规范化建设,也有助于科技智库根据评价结果,注重自身核心能力建设,提升科技智库的竞争力。因此构建科学合理的科技智库评级体系,在当前显得尤为迫切和必要。通过文献研究、案例分析的方法,梳理当前国内外智库评价的现状,分析影响科技智库成长与发展的核心要素,并以此为基础,提出科技智库评价体系的主要内容。基于公共部门战略管理研究和科技智库自身功能定位,本文提出从使命愿景、治理结构、运行管理、公共外交、特色优势五个维度构建促进科技智库规范化建设和智库能力提升的评价体系,并就科技智库的高质量发展提出了对策建议。     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence     

Chinese Scientists Use Earth Observation Technologies to Study and Protect Wild Camels

<正>Chinese scientists plan to apply Earth Observation technologies to protect the critically endangered wild camels(Camelus ferus).With the help of remote sensing,satellite positioning,geographical information system and wireless sensors networks,they will be able to access the distribution and population of the wild camels and protect their habitats.The project will be carried out by the International Research Center for Wild Camel Conservation,which was jointly established earlier this year by the Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth(RADI)of the Chinese     

More than Skin Deep – Understand Skin Biology by Means of Dermatogenomics

<正>The Paul Gerson Unna Research Group on Dermatogenomics was founded in October 2012 at the Partner Institute for Computational Biology.The ultimate goal of the group is to understand the biology of skin and skin appendages.